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To the Recipient or Reader. 



THE following varied industries and institutions are represented in 
tliis boolj, and the Trades League of Philadelphia asks for 
them the patronage of the public in other communities for 
whom this costly work is especially intended, as it is through 
their hearty support only that the Book of Philadklphia 
has been made possible. 



Architecturai, 
auctioneers 



SHEET METALS 



Banking 

bolts, nuts, rivets 

BREWING 

BROKERAGE 

BRUSHES 

building 
Card board 

CARrETS 

catering 
chairs 
chemicals 
cigar boxes 
cigar box lumber 

CIGARS 

CIVIL i";NGINEERING 

CLAY RETORTS 

CLOTHING 

COAL 

confectionery 

conserves and canned goods 

cooperage 

curtains 

Dentists' . supplies 

DKUGS 

drv goods 

Electrical goods 
electric block signals 
elevators 



Finance 
eire brick 
furniture 

Gas ENGINES 
glass 
glazrd kid 

GROCERY 

Hats 

HOSIERY 

HOTELS 

HOUSE FtlRNISHING GOODS 

Ice 

instruments of precision 

IRON 

Knitting machinery 

Lace curtains 
LIFE insurance 
locomotive building 

Machine tools 

MALTING 

MATTINGS 

MILLINERY 

MIRRORS, PICTURE FRAMES, ETC. 

M0"ABLF: and permanent SILLS 



Notions 

Oil cloths 
oils 



Paints 
paper 

photography 
photo - illustrations 

PIANOS and organs 

POWER transmitting 

preserves 

printing 

printing materials 

print works 

publishing 

Railw.ay' ties 
refrigeration 

RESTAURANTING 
RUGS 

Safes 

saws, tools, files 

seed growing 

SHIP BUILDI.XC 

SHOES 

SNUFF 

STATIONERY 

STEEL '' 

STEEL PENS 

STOVES 

sugar refining 
sugar scoops 

Table covers 

tailoring 

textiles 

TOBACCO 
TRUSSES 



MACHINERY 



w 



ATCII CASES 




Shows Application of Sagendorph's Patent Sectional Panel Ceilings and Side Wall Steel Art Plates. 

MANUFACTURED ONLY BY 

The Penn Iron Roofing and Corrugating Co., 

f- ^ 1 r ._. r LIMITED 

Catalogue of Art on receipt of 15 cts. m stamps. 23d and Hamilton Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 



l-^lo 1 i cL d ._ ^ i : Ok 



The City of Philadelphia 



AS IT APPEARS IN THE YEAR 



1894 



A COMPILATION OF FACTS SUPPLIED BY DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS 

FOR THE INFORMATION OF BUSINESS MEN, TRAVELERS, 

AND THE WORLD AT LARGE 



SECOND EDITION 



PREPARED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE 



Trades League of Philadelphia 



FRANK 


H. 


TAYLOR 






WILLIAM 


B. 


McM 


EDITOR 


AND 


ARTIST 








BUSINESS SOLICITOR 








PUBLISHED FOR the; ORGANIZATION BY 






.■. 






QEO. 


S. 

718 


HARRIS & 

PRINTERS 

LITHOGRAPHERS 

PUBLISHERS 

Arch Street, Philadelphia 


SONS 








The Press Committee of the Trades League and the 

Editor desire to thank the Authors of the chapters 
contained iu this book for their valued assistance, and 
also the Business Concerns which have, by their sup- 
port, contributed to the success of its publication. 

Thanks are also due to the following gentlemen 
and concerns : 

Mr. F. Cresson Schell, for drawing of entrance 
to the City Hall. 

Messrs. Newell & Son, Photographers, 633 Arch 
Street, for illustrations of scenes in Fairmount Park 
and other places of interest. 

The ElBCTRo-Phototype Co , for plates of Atlan- 
tic City, etc. 

The Philadelphia Photo-Electrotype Co,, for 
plates. 

The Electro-Tint Co., for plates. 

The F. Gutekunst Co., for portrait of Mayor and 
other plates. 

The Levytype Co., S. E. Cor. Seventh and Chest- 
nut Streets, for illustrations of the Academj' of Fine Arts 
and other buildings. 

Mr. George E. Essig, for drawings used in con- 
nection with articles upon the Maritime Exchange and 
the Maritime Commerce. 

The Public Ledger and The Times, for use of 
drawings. 

Mr. Frank A. Hays, for drawing of Bartram Man- 
sion. 

Mr. p. F. GoisT, for plate of Old Philadelphia. 

John D. Avil Printing Co., for plates of Club 
Houses. 



.J 



COPYRIGHT, 1884, 
GEO. 8. HARRIS & 60NS 








Hon. Edwin S. Stuart 



MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA 



Term of Office, Four Years from April, 1S91 



Photograph and Plate by the 

GUTEKUNST COMPANY 
Philadelphia 




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LIST OF CHAPTERS. 



PAGE 

Officials of Philadelphia, i 

Departments and Bureaus of the City and County of Philadelphia i 

Judges of Philadelphia, 2 

City Councils, .2 

A Page from the Office of City Controller. Thomas M. Thompson, City Controller ; Louis R. 

Fortescue, Chief Clerk, . . - 3 

Philadelphia Two Hundred Years Ago. (Illustration), 4 

Philadelphia : Its Charters and Government. Edward P. Allinson and Boies Penrose, .... 5-7 

City Hall, Philadelphia. (Illustration), '. . . 8 

The City Hall, 9. 10 

North Entrance of the City Hall. (Illustration), n 

The Bureau of Police. Robert J. Linden, Superintendent, 12 

The Bureau of Fire. James C. Baxter, Jr., Chief Engineer, '3 

Streets of Philadelphia. (Illustration), H 

Our Streets. George A. Bullock, Chief of Highway Department 15.16 

The Parks and Squares of the City. Charles S. Keyser 17-20 

The Zoological Garden. C. L- Jefferson, 21,22 

The Local Census, 22 

Public Schools, 23 

The University of Pennsylvania. Edward W. Mumford 24-28 

Medical Colleges and Kindred Institutions. Seneca Egbert, A. M., M. D 29-33 

Hospitals. Seneca Egbert, A. M., M. D., 33-38 

The Children of Silence. Prof. John P. Walker, 39 

Our Sightless Ones, 4° 

The Citizens' Permanent Relief Committee of Philadelphia. Robert M. McWade, City Editor 

Public Ledger, ..............■••■■ 40 

Steamship Indiana. (Illustration), 41 

German Hospital. (Illustration), 42 

Mary J. Drexel Home and Motherhouse of Deaconesses. (Illustration), 42 

BENEVOLENT, Charitable and Humane Institutions of Philadelphia not otherwise mentioned, . 43 

The Mary J. Drexel Home and Motherhouse of Deaconesses 44 

Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery 45 

The Churches and Sunday Schools of Philadelphia. J. E. De La Motta, Public Ledger, . . .46, 47 

The Temple College. Rev. Russell H. Conwell, President, , ''^ 

The Academy of Finb Arts. Milton Bancroft, 49. 5° 

The Drexel Institute. James MacAlister, LL. D., . 51.52 

The Drexel Institute. (Illustration), 53 

The Pennsylvania Museum and School op Industrial Art. L. W. Miller, Principal, .... 54 

Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Emily Sartain, Principal 55 

The Spring Garden Institute. Prof. W. A. Porter, Principal, 56. 57 

Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades, 57 

The Manual Training Schools. E. A. Partridge, Instructor in Physics, 58, 59 

Girard and his College, a. H. Fetterolf, LL. D., President, 59. 60 

Wagner Free Institute of Science. T. L. Montgomery, Secretary 60 

The Franklin Institute. Dr. William H. Wahl, Secretary 61,62 

The American Philosophical Society. Julius F. Sachse, 63 

The Y. M. C. a. Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, President, 64, 65 

Women's Christian Association, ^5 

Public Libraries of Philadelphia. T. Morris Perot, President Mercantile Library Co., ... . . 65-67 

Academy of Natural Sciences. Edward J. Nolan, Secretary, 67 

The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. John W. Jordan, 68 

Trades League of Philadelphia, 69 

The Work of the Trades League of Philadelphia. Thomas Martiudale 7°. 7' 

Bourse Building. (Illustration), 72 

The Philadelphia Bourse 73 

The Municipal League OF Philadelphia. George Burnham, Jr., President, 74.75 

The Philadelphia Board of Trade. Frederick Fraley, Esq., Ptesident 75 

The Commercial Exchange. Lincoln K. Passmorc, President, 76, 77 

The Philadelphia Maritime Exchange- George E. Earushaw, President 7S, 79 



/PAGB 

Euii,DiNG Interests. Franklin M. Harris, Builder, . . ' 80, 81 

Reai, Estatb Holdings and Valuations. John N. Gallagher, Publisher Heal Esuue Record^ . . . 82-84 

Building SociBTIES. Addison B. Burk, Assistant Managing Editor Public Ledger, S5-87 

Some Comparisons, 88 

The Builders' Exchange. Wm. W. Morgan 89, 90 

New Suburban Sections. (Illustrations! 91 

Markets of Philadelphia. George E. Mapes, Philadelphia Times, 92, 93 

The Milk Supply. E. W. Woolman, President Philadelphia Milk Exchange 94 

Railroad Terminals op Philadelphia. John A. Johann and Frank W. Harold, The Public Led;;er, . . 95-101 

Our Waterways. Prof. Lewis M. Haupt, Civil Engineer, 102-105 

The Maritime Commerce oE Philadelphia. Clement A. Griscom, President International Navigation Co., 105-108 

Philadelphia Ship Building. Henry W. Cramp, 108-111 

The International Navigation Co., 112, 113 

The Clyde Steamship Co. 114 

Industries, Capital and Wages. Lorin Blodget, 115 

Secret Societies. Hon. Richard Vaux and others, ............ 116-119 

Philadelphi.\ Journals .\nd Journ.\lists. Charles H. Heustis, Editor T/ic Inquirer, 121, 122 

Our Theatres — Past and Present. G. O. Seilhamer, The Inquirer, 123, 124 

Clubs in Philadelphia. Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Club 125-128 

The New Century Club. Anne L. Litch, 129, 130 

Working Women's Guilds. Kate L. Gallagher, 130 

Our Prisons. Hon. Richard Vaux, 131-133 

Our Comparative Mortality Rate. William H. Ford, M. D., President of the Board of Health, . 133 

The Northern Home, 134. 135 

The Sanitarium Association. Dr. William H. Ford, 135 

Historical Buildings and Places 136, 137 

The Francis Perot's Sons Malting Co., 138, 139 

Wherein We Are First, . ■ . 139 

The Mint of the United States at Philadelphia. O. C. Bosbyshell, Ex-Superintendent, . . . 140 

Philadelphia in Finance. Alfred N. Chandler 141, 144 

The Philadelphia National Bank, 145 

The Bank of North America 146 

National Bank of the Republic, 147 

The Market Street N.\tional Bank, 148 

Penn N.\tional Bank, ' 149 

Drexel & Company, Bankers 150 

Corn Exchange National Bank, 151 

The Western National Bank of Philadelphia 152 

The Pennsylvani.'^ Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities, .... 153 

The City Trust, Safe Deposit and Surety Company of Philadelphia 154 

The North American Mercantile Agency Company-, 154 

The Equitable Trust Co 155 

The Commonwealth Title Ins. and Trust Co., 156 

The Union Trust Co. 157 

The Girard Life Insurance, Annuity and Trust Company of Philadelphia, ..... 158 

Philadelphia's Proposed Arcade, 159 

The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, 160 

The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, 161 

Sports of All Sorts. Horace S. Fogel, Sporting Editor Public Ledger, ....... 162-168 

Cycling in Philadelphia. Arthur H. MacOwen, 169 

Our Citizen Soldiery, 170, 171 

Beautiful W.wne and St. D.wids 172 

ATLANTIC City i73-i77 

The Catholic Church in Philadelphia. James P. Lafferty, Catholic Times, 178, 179 

Our Jewish Citizens. Henr>' S. Morals, 180 

The Society- of Friends. Frank H. Taylor 181 

The Largest in the World, . • 182 

Baldwin Locomotive Works 182 

Henry Disston & Sons, Incorporated, 1S3 

John Bromley & Sons, 184 

The Keystone Watch Case Co., 1S5 

John B. Stetson Co 1S6, 1S7 



PAGE 

The Growth of a Great Idea i88, 1S9 

Powers & Weightmak-, 190, 191 

George V. Cresson Co 192 

Abram Cox Stove Co., 193 

McNeei^y & Co. 194 

The Ladi3S' Home Journal, 195 

Philadelphia as a Manufacturing Centre for Instruments of Precision, 196 

The Grocers' and Importers' Exchange of Philadelphia. Francis B. Reeves, 197, 19S 

The Philadelphia Oil Trade Association. A. J. Loos, Secretar}' 198 

Thos. Martindale & Co 199 

The W. J. McCahan Co.'s Sugar Refinery, 200 

Reeves, Parvin & Co. , 201 

Philif J. RiTTER Conserve Company, Philadelphia 202 

Joseph Campbell Preserve Company, Camden, N. J 203 

Whitman's Chocolates and Confectionery 204 

Knickerbocker Ice Co., 205 

The Bergner & Engel Brewing Co., 206 

The Eddvstone Manufacturing Co., Limited, 207 

The New Era in Refrigeration 208 

Heywood Bros. & Co., 209 

Van Sciver & Co , . ■ 210, 211 

A Model Industrial Building, . 212 

N. Stetson & Co., 213 

Bowen Dungan & Co., 214 

The Hale & Kilburn Manufacturing Co 215 

Henry A. DreER, 216 

Hoopes & TowNSEND. (Illustration), 217 

The Manufacture of Dentists' Supplies, . . . ■ 218 

Geo. C. Newman 219 

The GuTEKunst Co. 220 

The Philadelphia Produce Exchange. Howard Austin, Secretary 221 

A. F. Merrell & Co 222 

The Wholesale Shoe Trade of Philadelphia. John T. Monroe, 223 

Weimer, Wright & Watkin 224 

The Shoe Manufacturing Industry of Philadelphia. Howard L. Townsend, Secretary, . . . 225 

Paul Brothers 226 

Lippincott, Son & Co., . . . . ■ 227 

The Else Shoe Co., 227 

Audible Electric Block Signal, 228 

Wanamaker & Brown, 229 

The E. R. Artman-Treichler Co 230 

Scott & Williams, 231 

Stokes & Parrish Elevator Co., 232 

The Morse Elevator Works 233 

John B. Morley & Co., 234 

Catering and Restauranting, . ■ 235, 236 

Hires, Turner Glass Co., 236 

Cyrus Borgner, 237 

The Otto Gas Engine Works 238 

Columbian Metallic Railway Ties, .' . . 239 

F. B. Vandegrift & Co 240 

The Reading Railroad, 241 

Philadelphia Photo-ElEctrotype Co 242 

The Novelty Electric Co., Philadelphia, 243 

Wm. Sellers & Co., Incorporated, 244 

F Pulaski & Co , 245 

Alfred N. Chandler & Co. 245 

Hood, Foulkrod & Co., 246 

John Condon & Co., 247 

Henry H. Sheip & Co 247 

Geo. S. Harris & Sons 248 

The Philadelphia Drug Exchange. L. Hassell Lapp, 249 



ADVERTISEMENTS IN BOOK OF PHILADELPHIA. 



PAGE 

Bailey, Joel J., & Co., =53 

Berkshire Life Insurance Co., The, . . . 259 

Blabon, Geo. W., Co., 277 

Burpee, W. Atlee, & Co 253 

Carver, C. R 271 

Clark, G. S., 260, 261 

Clinton, E., & Co 267 

Collins, A. M., Manufacturing Co 266 

Coll, Santiago J., & Co , 269 

Conover D. F., & Co., 274 

Continental, The, 258 

Damon Safe and Iron Works Co., . . . 279 

Delaware Insurance Co., 274 

Diver, Walter L., 270 

Electro-Phototype Co 265 

Esterbrook's Pens 251 

Ferguson Brothers 263 

Fidelity Insurance, Trust & Safe Deposit Co., The, 262 

Fidelity Mutual Life Association, The, . . 259 

French, Samuel H., Co., 277 

Gibson, F. S., 275 

Godley, Philip, 269 

Guarantors Liability Indemnity Co., The, . 257 

Harrington, Edwin, Son & Co., .... 271 

Haupt & Franklin, 265 

Holman, A. J., & Co., Limited, .... 270 

Hoskins, Wm. H 254 

Hotel Hanover, 256 

Hotel Metropole, 256 

Hotel Stenton, 255 

Independence National Bank 253 

Landreth, D., & Sons 266 

Lapp Drug Co., 250 

Leonhardt, Theo., & Son 269 

Levy type Co., The, 265 



PAGE 

Locke, E. G. 279 

Loos & Dilworth 258 

Mack Paving Co., 276 

Manufacturers' National Bank, The, . . . 250 

McCallum & McCallum 252 

McCandless, Brice & Co 280 

McCook, J. C, Co. 272 

Merchants' House, 275 

Morris, Tasker & Co., 264 

Morris, Wheeler & Co., ...... 264 

Newell, R., & Sou, 278 

Nixon, Martin & Wm. H., Paper Co., ... 268 

Nye & Tredick, 273 

Ocean Steamship Co., ...... 274 

Partrick & Carter Co., 271 

Penu Iron Roofing & Corrugating Co., The, opposite Title 

Philadelphia Cooperage Co., 278 

Philadelphia Scoop Co., 278 

Philadelphia Truss Co., The 251 

Reading Paper Mills, 270 

Read, Wm. F. 263 

Rittenhouse, The, ....... 256 

Roelofs, Henry H., & Co., .... 2d Cover 

Schrack & Sherwood 273 

Steamer Republic, 279 

Stewart, Ralph & Co., . . . . . . 268 

Stoever, Chas. M., Co., 276 

Stuart Bros. Co., 267 

Thorn Co., J. S., 250 

Tierney, Leo J., 272 

Wetherill Company, S. P., The 265 

Wilson, William M., & Sons 269 

Wood, Alan, Co., 275 

Woolman, Edward W., 267 

Young, Smyth, Field & Co., 272 




Officials of Philadelphia. 



City Officers. 



Receiver of Taxes, Mayor, 

John Taylor. Edwin S. Stuart. 

Director of Public Safety, Director of Public Works, 

Abraham M. Beitler. James H. Windrim 

Directors of Ciiarities and Corrections, 

William H. Lambert, President, 



City Solicitor, 

Charles F. Warwick. 



William D. Gardner, 
Alfred Moore, 



John Huggard, 
James W. Walk. 



Controllers 

Thomas M. Thompson. 



County Officers. 



Commissioners, 



Treasurer, 

George D. McCreary. 



Jacob Wildemore, Joseph G. Richmond, 

John P. J. Sensenderfer. 

Sheriff, Recorder of Deeds, District Attorney, 

Samuel M. Clement. Thomas Green. George S. Graham. 



Register of Wills, 

Wm. G. Shields. 



Clerk of Quarter Sessions, 

James W. Latta. 



Coroner, 

Samuel H. Ashbridgb. 



Departments and Bureaus 
of the City and County of Philadelphia. 



Department of Public Works, Di- 
rectors OiEce. 
Bureaus of Water, Gas, High- 
ways, Lighting, Street Clean- 
ing, Surveys, City Ice Boats. 

Department of Public Safety. 
Bureaus of Police, Fire, Elec- 
trical Service, Health, Boiler 
Inspection and City Prop- 
erty. 

Department of City Controller. 

Department of City Treasurer. 



5. Department of Receiver of Taxes. 

6. Department of Revision of Taxes. 

7. Department of Recorder of Deeds. 

8. Department of Register of Wills. 

9. Department of Sheriff. 

10. Department Clerk of Quarter Ses- 

sions. 

11. Department of County Prison. 

12. Department of Law. 

13. Department of Prothonotary. 

14. Department of Coroner. 

15. Department of District Attorney. 



1 5. Department of Charities and Cor- 
rection. Bureaus of Chari- 
ties and Correction. 

17. Department Clerks of Councils. 

18. Department of Mayor. 

19. Department of City Commis- 

sioners. 

20. Department of Nautical School 

Ship. 

21. Department of Port Wardens. 

22. Department of Park Commis- 

sioners. 




Judges of Philadelphia. 



First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. 



Common Pleas, No. i, 

Hon. Joseph Allison, P. J., 
Hon. Craig Biddle, 
Hon. F. A^iedef' Bregy. 



Common Pleas, No. 3, 

Hon. Thomas K. Finletter, P.. J., 
Hon. James Gay Gordon, 
Hon. Henry Reed. 



Common Pleas, No. 2. 

Hon. J. I. Clarke Hare, P. J.. 
Hon. Theodore F. Jenkins, 
Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker. 



Common Pleas, No. 4. 

Hon. M. Russell Thayer, P. J., 
Hon. Michael Arnold, 
Hon. Robert N. Willson. 



Orphans' Court. 



Hon. William B. Hanna, P. J., 

Hon. William N. Ashman, Hon. Clement B. Penrose, 

Hon. Joseph C. Ferguson. 



City Councils, 



The Select branch of City Councils is composed of one representative from each of the thirty-five 
wards of the city. The Common branch is made up of a number of representatives of each ward, 
aggregating at present about one hundred and twenty members. The fiscal year in councilmanic 
organization begins April ist. 



A Page from the Office of City Controller. 



Thomas M. Thompson, City Controllbr. Louis R. Fortescue, Chief Clerk. 



By the terms of the several Acts of Assembly subsequent to and including the Act of Consolidation, 
Februar_v 2, 1854, the Controller of the City and County of Philadelphia, is elected for three years 
from the first Monda>' in January next succeeding his election and is designated as the head of this 
department. He has the supervision and the control of the fiscal concerns of all departments, bureaus 
and officers of the city who collect, receive or disburse the public mone3'S. He prescribes the form of 
reports and accounts to be tendered, and inspects, revises and audits all other accounts in which the 
city is concerned. To him is delegated the power of administering oaths or affidavits to the municipal 
officers, or heads of departments receiA'ing moneys, to statements or returns made by them to the City 
Treasurer, and to all pay-rolls presented to him for his appro\-al accompanied by warrants for the 
payment of same. He is required to charge, in separate books for the purpose, all appropriations against 
the head of a department, and under the item of appropriation on which it is founded. He shall not 
suffer any appropriation to be overdrawn or an item to be used for another purpose, and is only 
authorized to countersign a warrant for the payment of expenses when authenticated or certified to by 
the proper officers. 

In the annual report of the Controller made to City Councils to January i, 1894, which report 
also embraces the operations of the Sinking Fund Commission of which the Controller by virtue of 
his office, is a member, the estimated summary of the resources and disbursements of the City and 
County of Philadelphia for the year 1894 are given as follows : — 

The tax rate of $1.85 per $100 which is levied upon the assessed valuation of real estate aggre- 
gating $769,930,542.00, after deducting the average delinquency and adding the estimated receipts from 
all other sources yields an available amount of $24,916,908.10. From this is deducted the legal obliga- 
tions of interest on loans. State tax, sinking fund appropriations and mandamus executions (estimated) 
for 1894, amounting to $4,499,607,00, and from the difference is then deducted the estimated deficit of 
$610,737.23, making the net amount subject to appropriation for 1894 of $19,806,563.87. The total 
appropriations for all departments and bureaus for 1894 were $18,221,941.94. 

The funded debt ofthe city January i, 1894, was$52,758,845.22, and the assets were $33,026,562.23, 
leaving a total debt over the above assets of $21,248,882.22. Of the above assets the sinking fund held 
$23,705,363.41 ; $23,130,100.00 of this being purchases by them of the citj^'s own bonded debt. An 
important matter to be considered in connection with the debt of this city and its abilit}' to meet its out- 
standing liabilities, is the fact that the real estate owned by the city amounting to $45,705,699.00, 
as appraised by the Board of Revision of Taxes, is not included in the above assets. 

The loans issued by the city are of two kinds, to wit, for thirty years with a Sinking Fund clause 
providing for the redemption ofthe Sinking Fund at the end of that period, and towards the redemption 
of which there is annually appropriated by City Councils, one and one-fifth per cent, on account of the 
principal until their maturitJ^ or serial loans without the above clause for which the city makes a 
direct appropriation for the full amount of each series of the loans as they become due. In the first 
annual report of the Sinking Fund to December 31, 1855, there was but $89,410.05 to its credit, since 
that time it has met all maturing loans and has to its credit the large accumulation above shown. 






-j|i|.85 




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Philadelphia^Its Charters and Government. 

i68i = i8q3. 




Edward P. Allinson and Boies Penrose. 



BLDE ANCHOR TAVERN. 




SEAI, OF 
WILLIAM PENN. 



Philadelphia's nnmicipal life ma}' be 
divided into fi\-e sharply defined periods : 

I. 1 68 1 to 1 70 1, covering the era of its 

minority prior to Penn's charter of 1701. In this 

period we have government by the Provincial 

Council, the County Court and the Grand Jury, 

and the short interlude under the proprietaiy 

charter of 1691, which created Humfrey Morrey 

the first mayor.' It is a curious fact that this charter, which is now deposited with 

the Historical Society of Pennsyh-ania, seems for nearly two hundred years to have 

been lost sight of. 

II. 1701-1789 covers the life of Penn's proprietan^ charter, which fell with the 
Revolution, and the thirteen j'ears of suspended municipal life which ensued. After the 
Revolution, 1776 to 1789, such government as the city had was to be found in the 
courts of the justices of the peace and the legislative commissions already inaugurated 
during this period. 

III. From 1789 to 1854 what is now known as the Old City, /. c, from Vine to South Streets, 
and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers, grew and prospered under the legislative charter of 

1789 and its supplements up to the consolidation act of 1854. The records 
of this period are of the first importance. In it we note the advent of 
Philadelphia as a modern American municipality. The entire personality 
of the city is changed; it becomes the creature of the legislature. Every 
vestige of a close corporation, which was the distinguishing feature ot 
Penn's charters, is swept away. The city is now the place and its inhabi- 
tants, all freemen have a voice in the election of the municipal govern- 
ment. Throughout the period are manifested the ebb and flow of two 
distinct lines of policy. Starting out with a remembrance of the evils of 
divided authority, and a well expressed effort toward concentration of 
executive power and responsibility, we find in the latter half of the period a 
steadyreversal of this policy, indicated by the absorption of all branches of executive super\'ision and 
control l3y the various committees of councils. The mayor is, step by step, shorn of his various 
powers and duties as executive until he is relegated to the position of being simply 
chief of police and the figure head of the corporation. The responsibility is scattered 
through a dozen committees, whose personnel changes from year to year, and the execu- 
tive wheels are found running by a complex system which could not fail of disastrous 
results even then. These defects become intensified when carried over into the operations 
of the immenseh' extended consolidated city and county. 

IV. 1854 to 1887. In this period Philadelphia, in common with other great cities, 
staggered under a burden of laws, ordinances, customs and practices often resulting in 
legislative and executive maladministration. The consolidation act of 1854 was a 
CITY SEAL, 1789. necessary act of great political wisdom at the time. The city and the contiguous 





CITY SEAL, 1 701. 



CITY SEAL, 1683. 




'See Philadelphia, 1681-18S7, by AUinson and Penrose. Humfrey Morrey, first Mayor of Philadelphia, paper 
read by Col. J. Granville Leach before the Historical Society cf Pennsylvania. The first Mayor of Philadelphia 
by Hon. S. W. Pennypacker, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, No. 3 of Vol. XV. 



^aL^^LyMa \ ten-itorjs which had become densely populated, had practicall)' become one city. There 

$M \^L / wJKk I was a common future and common wants. Adequate development was crippled by the 
K^W^'^'f'^r^W/ multiplicity and jealousy of the many existing governing bodies acting independently 

X^^aS^^W^W^ of each other. The evils of the situation were recognized. The question of consoli- 
^■^-^____,^^ dation was agitated for ten years before it was effected. It was opposed b)' the local 

PRESENT CITY sE.-iL. leaders. In 1S53 the friends of the act met and elected Hon. Eli K. Price for the 
Senate, and also candidates in the house pledged to support it and it was finally passed 
Januar>' 30, 1854.' The act of 1S54, while a great advance, did not meet the evils; nor was its 
intent confirmed to nor its spirit obsen-ed by councils. They neglected the exposure and correc- 
tion of the abuses of the departments and usurped in fuller measure than ever before almost every 
form of executive duty. If the water department wanted a pump, it was the water committee 
which decided on the kind, style and horse power. If the highway department pa-\-ed a street, it 
was the highway committee which supervised the letting, execution and approval of the contract. 
There was no general supen-ision of public work. A condition of affairs, which was bad enough 
in the Old City, became intolerable when carried into the immensely extended business of con- 
solidated Philadelphia, which had assumed proportions which demanded the most intelligent system 
and responsible super\-ision to obtain efficient ser\-ice and adequate returns for money expended. The 
financial management became more reckless every year, until the city was threatened with bank- 
ruptcy. The most noticeable features of the act of consolidation that are new are the offices of city 
controller and receiver of taxes, created by the act of 1854. The greatest improvements which took 
place during the period also had reference to finance. The constitution of 1874 placed a limit to the 
creation of funded debt, and the act of June 11, 1879, compelled the city " to pay as you go." Very 
shortly after the consolidation act, one whose position gave him every opportunitj^ to measure the defects 
of our system, and whose abilities entitled his opinion to the greatest weight, summed up in forcible 
English the radical defects in the organic law and pointed out the necessity for intelligent legislation to 
cure those defects. The essence of our present charter, given by the act of 1885, known as the Bullitt 
Bill, is to be found in the second annual message of Hon. Richard Vaux, Mayor of Philadelphia, 1858. 
V. The fifth period is that of the present charter, the act of 1885. 

Eimited space has made it impossible to give even in briefest outline a sketch of the develop- 
ment of the city government during the two centuries of its existence. From the date of the landing 
of Penn at the Blue Anchor Landing — fi'om 1681 to 1885 — we see the city grow from a collection 
of caves whose inhabitants were counted by scores, to a crowded mart containing the homes of over a 
million of people. From two square miles to one hundred and twenty-nine. From the government of 
the county court and grand jurj' closely followed bj^ the close corporation and medieval charters granted 
by Penn, up through a maze of legislative confusion to the advent of the latest and best thought on 
municipal government as expressed in the Bullitt Bill. Although Maj^or Vaux, in 1858, had pointed out 
the evils of the organic law, it took a score of j^ears to arouse public opinion. The movement which 
resulted in the passage of the act dates back to the indignation caused by the passage of the act creating 
the Public Building Commission. Governor Hartranft, in a specially able message in 1876, called the 
attention of the legislature to the evils of municipal government. A commission was appointed to 
devise a scheme for government of cities. On this commission, which resulted ultimately in the passage 
of the act of 1885, the ser\'ices of Mr. John C. Bullitt were so conspicuous as to give his name to the bill. 
In 1882 coirncils took up the matter, which was referred to a special committee, of which S. Davis Page 
was chairman, and on which we find also such names as Effingham B. Morris, George R. Snowden, J. 
W. Patten, S. S. HoUingsworth, A. Haller Gross and Charles H. Banes. The histon- of the heated 
controversy over the bill finally introduced into the legislature by Mr. William C. Bullitt is still firesh 
in every one's mind.- 



^ History of Consolidation, by EH K. Price, page 53. Philadelphia, by Allinson and Penrose, page 140. 

^ See Report of Committee of One Hundred, by Thomas Lcaming, Esq. Message of Governor Hartranft, 
Senate Journal 1S76, page 13. Report of Commission to devise a plan for city government of cities of Pennsylvania. 

Resolutions drafted by Hon. Richard Vaux, and introduced into common council by S. Davis Page, Esq. See 
Journal of Common Councils, 1882. 

6 



Under the present charter, known as the Bnllitt Bill, the attempt has been made and in theory 
approximately attained to concentrate all executive power in one head, the mayor, responsible directly 
for the whole administration to the people who elect him . A few subordinate heads of departments are 
appointed by and responsible to this head, the mayor. A complete separation is made between the 
executive and legislati^-e branches of government. And a stringent limitation has been placed on the 
power to accumulate indebtedness. Careful regulations are framed for the financial system and methods. 
Provisions are made for the impeachment of corrupt officials. After one complete administration under 
this act, and the part of another, the only objection to it is that possibly it does not go far enough. Its 
framers went as far as they dared to go and not encounter the opposition of certain of&ces or commissiont, 
the vices of which were not so instantly pressing. The executive power is vested in the maj'or and 
certain departments. I. Public Safety, director appointed b)' the mayor ; this includes the police, fire, 
health and building inspection. II. Public Works, director appointed bj' mayor ; this includes the old 
departments of water, gas, highway and sur\-ey. III. Receiver of Taxes. IV. City Solicitor. Both 
city officers elected by the people at the spring municipal election. V. City Treasurer. VI. City 
Controller. Both county officers elected at the autumn State election. VII. Board of Education, 
appointed by the judges. VIII. Charities and Corrections ; president and four directors appointed by 
the maj'or. IX. Sinking Fund Commission ; made up of the mayor, city controller and one member 
elected by councils. 

The Public Building Commission, an irresponsible body created b}' the legislative act, 1870, still 
exists in charge of the city hall, not yet finished. The commissioners were original!}^ named in the act ; 
any vacancies are filled by the members. The Park Commission consists of the mayor, presidents of 
councils, commissioner of citv property, chief engineer of water department and ten citizens appointed 
for five years b}^ the courts. The election of the city controller, city treasurer and receiver of taxes by the 
people is fixed by the constitution and no change is specially needed. The duties of the treasurer and 
receiver are ministerial ; their action does not affect the policy of an administration. The controller has 
high judicial functions ; his power is a check on the entire financial system, and the people ha\-e frequently 
decided that it was wise to have him of a different political faith from the administration. His appoint- 
ment directly by popular vote is certainly wise. The appointment of all other officers, including the 
sinking fund and park commission and board of education should be vested in the nia^^or. The Public 
Building Commission should be abolished and its duties -v'ested in the department of public works. The 
appointment of any officers by the judges is onerous to them, foreign to their duties and vicious in 
conception. As all departments have to be ad^'ised by the city solicitor, the mayor is as much entitled 
for the success of his administration to appoint his solicitor as is the president or the governor. While 
some things remain to be done to complete the scientific development of the citj^'s government, much 
has been done and vast advantage obtained in our present charter. It is the duty of citizens, however, 
to acquaint themselves with the functions and theory of our municipal government, and to watch with 
jealous eye the constant trend of councils to the usurpation of executive functions. Their legiflative 
duties must of necessity always be large and imposing. The record of the past teaches that the greatest 
danger of corruption and maladministration is found where they encroach on the executive. The 
legislation of the country, municipal, state and federal, is fast becoming vested in committees of the 
several bodies. This government bj' committees is subversive of our system of government.' 



For editorials illustrating the various arguments brought at the time for and against the bill, see note on page 
268, Philadelphia, 1681-18S7, by Allinsou and Penrose. 

' See Congressional Government, by Woodrow Wilson, Ph.D. 







W 

W 
P 

< 

s 

ft. 




The Citv Hall. 



"^■^ 



^- 




BRONZE STATUE OF WILLIAM PENN. 



?l|Rif„_ L The largest building in Philadelphia, and the most imposing public 

' ' structure upon this continent is the City Hall, which is also commonlj^ 

known as the Public Buildings, and accommodates the departments of 

both the city and count}' authorities. This noble civic edifice occupies 

ti^^ the site of a quadrangle, originally surveyed by the Quaker founder, 

■-4"; fl^ William Penn, as a public park, and so maintained until the beginning of 

the present work, about twenty years ago. The location of this building 

was decreed by popular vote. The principal offices, courts and chambers 

of the several fronts have been occupied by the public departments for 

a number of 3'ears. The vast work, upon which upwards of $15,000,000 

have been expended, now approaches completion. 

Although unfortunately environed by a number of loft}- buildings, 
at least two of which will, when done, dominate the Mansard roof of the 
city buildings, a wide street surrounds the edifice, and from four 
directions fine views of its facade may be enjoyed. 

The length of the north and south fronts is 470 feet, and that 
of the east and west fronts is 486 j4 feet. The material principally used 
for both the building and enormous tower is ^^'hite marble from quarries 
at Lee, Berkshire County, Mass. The interior windows of its six floors 
of bus}' public offices look out upon a courtyard 200 feet square, the 
favorite "short-cut" of many bus}' thousands every day. A full 
di^•ision of infantry troops might be comfortably massed within this 
enclosure. 
Four grand archways, iS feet wide and 36 feet high, richly embellished with polished columns 
and beautiful sculpture, are the sluiceways for the ceaseless human tide that surges through this 
splendid plaza. Who shall foretell what noble, impressive, perchance tragic, scenes this P/ace de 
la Hotel dc Ville of the Quaker City shall witness in the centuries yet to come; when those 
masters, who designed and built the surrounding walls, are remembered only by the occasional 
antiquarian who gropes in the corridors below and chances upon the tablet of the corner-stone ; when 
the conditions of life in these latter days of the great century of progress, as they are outlined upon 
these pages, will be to the citizen and stranger but a tradition, and those things of which we boast but 
the feeble efforts of a }'Oung and inexperienced people. 

Philadelphia of to-day is quite willing that this majestic building, and especially its tower, shall 
stand before the people of generations yet to come as the symbol of civilization and taste obtaining 
among us in the year of our Lord 1893. The tower is the great peculiar feature of the entire structure, 
and no person who has once enjo}'ed the far-reaching and impressi\-e bird's-eye ^-iew of this busy 
aggregation of humanity will regret the millions it has cost to rear this purely ornamental shaft. The 
tower is 90 feet square at the base, and its walls are 23 feet thick. The entire height of the work to the 
broad-rimmed hat upon the head of William Penn will be 547 feet and a fraction, an elevation greater, 
it is said than any steeple or structure in the world built in connection with an edifice. It exceeds 
that of the Great Pyramid 67 feet ; St. Peter's Church, Rome, 99 feet ; the Cologne Cathedral, 37 feet. 
It is nearly twice the height of the dome of the National Capitol. The Washington Monument exceeds 
its altitude by 8 feet onl}-. A great clock, the dial plates of which have a diameter of 23 feet, will adorn 
the tower at an elevation which will be visible from all parts of the city, the centre dial being 361 feet 
above the sidewalk. The metallic columns and dome, of which the upper section will consist, are to be 
plated with aluminum. 

The observant stranger and citizen alike will find a wealth of allegorical suggestion in the 
symbolic statuary, much of it of heroic size, which embellishes the exterior, corridors and inner court 



of the building. The four quarters of the globe are tj'pified by the Asiatic elephant, the African tiger, 
European bullock and the American bear, and also by beautifully chiselled figures of the Caucassian, 
Mongolian, African, and other racial types. Upon the northern front are the figures of William Penn, 
an Indian, a Norseman, a Puritan, and the Progress of Civilization. Other figures represent Victory, 
Fame, Education, Science, Poetry, Music, Art, Botany, Navigation, Architecture and Mechanics. The 
east front and Mayor's entrance bears figures of Asiatic, Chinese and Japanese types, and those expres- 
sive of Art, Science, Peace, Industry, Mining, Engineering, Morning, Light, etc. The south front and 
entrance to Courts of Justice contain figures of Africans, South Sea Islanders, Tigers and Lions, the 
City and State Coat of Arms, and also Moses typifying the Law of Justice, Execution, Youth, Water, 
etc. The western facade and the corridor, which is identified with the Criminal Department, contains 
figures of Charity, Sympathy, Repentance, Meditation, Sorrow and Pain, Tigers, Thorns and Thistles. 
The figures of Indians, squaws and western pioneers in picturesque groups indicate the direction of 
outlook from its windows. This comprehensive scheme of emblematic treatment is continued in the 
principal apartments, notably in the Supreme Court Chambers, which are further embellished with 
portraits of famous jurists of the State. The furnishing throughout is of a substantial and sumptuous 
character. 

The magnificent bronze figure of William Penn, the work of Philadelphia mechanics, is placed, 
for temporary inspection, in the City Hall Plaza. It is 37 feet high and weighs 52,400 pounds. It was 
cast in forty-seven pieces, and so skilfully joined that the most careful inspection fails to detect the 
junctures. The following are the dimensions of the different elements of the statue : 

Hat, 3 feet in diameter; rim, 23 feet in circumference ; nose, 13 inches long; eyes, 12 inches 
long and 4 inches wide ; mouth, from corner to corner, i foot ; face, from hat to chin, 3 feet 3 inches ; 
hair, 4 feet long ; shoulders, 28 feet in circumference and 15 feet in diameter ; waist, 24 feet in circum- 
ference and 8 feet 9 inches in diameter ; buttons on coat, 6 inches in diameter ; hands, 6 feet 9 inches in 
circumference, 3 feet in diameter and 4 feet long ; fingers, 2 feet 6 inches long ; finger nails, 3 inches 
long; legs, from ankle to knee, 10 feet ; ankle, 5 feet in circumference ; calf of legs, 8 feet 8 inches in 
circumference ; feet, 22 inches wide, 5 feet 4 inches long. 

The scroll bears a seal of Charles II., 2 feet in diameter, and on the exposed page has the 
following inscription : 

Charles II., King of England and France, Defender of the Faith — To whom these presents shall 
come, ' ' Greeting : ' ' 

Whereas, Our trustie and well-beloved subject, William Penn, Esq., sonn and heir of Sir William 
Penn, deceased, etc. 

Public elevators are operated, connecting with all floors, and another rises to the top of the great 
tower, being operated every week-day. The remarkable hanging stairways at the four angles of the 
building are worthy of special notice by the visitor. An interesting object to be seen temporarily, 
upon free exhibition at the City Hall, is a beautiful model of the Centennial Exhibition, placed in" a 
room upon the second floor at the northern entrance. 

It is a part of the present plan to illuminate the exterior of the building at night with splendid 
lamps nearly fifty feet in height, one at each corner of the structure, bearing groups of incandescent 
and arc electric points, thus intensifying the lights and shadows that surround this majestic business 
ofiBce of the people, and furnishing a final emblem of joy aud sorrow in the busy current of human 
life that surges without cessation around its base. 












NORTH ENTRANCE OF THE CITY HALI, 



The Bureau of Police. 




By Robert J. Linden, Superintendent. 



The organization of the Bureau of Police, with headquarters at City Hall, 
is briefl}' as follows : 

One Superintendent of Police, i Fire Marshal, i Police Surgeon, 
4 Captains, i Captain of Detectives, 7 Clerks, i Veterinary Surgeon, 
I Assistant Veterinarj' Surgeon, i Meat Inspector, 16 Detectives, 33 
Lieutenants, 82 Street Sergeants, 108 House Sergeants (Telegraph 
Operators), 36 Patrol Sergeants, 36 Patrol Drivers, 36 Patrol Officers, 
4 Harbor Pilots, 4 Harbor Engineers, 4 Harbor Firemen, 1754 Patrolmen, 
I^^^^^^^B^m 14 Matrons, 48 Cleaners, 6 Van Drivers, 13 Hostlers, i Storekeeper, 

I Driver of Supply Wagon, i Messenger. The entire force numbers 
.,„__^^^^^^ 2027 men. 

^^^^^^^^^" The city is divided into four Police Divisions, each under the 

control of a Captain, and sub-divided into twenty-nine districts; two 
Harbor Boats and a Reserve Corps, each commanded bj' a Lieutenant. 
There are twenty-nine Station Houses and eleven Sub-Stations, eighteen 
Patrol Stations, with wagons and crews. Three companies of Mounted 
Police are assigned to suburban service. 

A system of Police Patrol and Signal Telegraph is in successful 
-^ ■'^=^"- operation, and is known as the "Gamewell." There are 395 Signal 

Boxes (or "Patrol Boxes," as they are generally called), throughout 
A CAPTAIN OF POLICE. the city, and patrolmen on street duty are required to report (through 

the 'phone in Signal Box) to their Station House every hour, a record of 
their time being kept at the Station House. 

During the year 1893 this Bureau made 57,297 arrests, and recovered stolen property to the 
amount of $184,011.46. The increase of arrests over the preceding year is 7 per cent. About 63 per 
per cent, of those arrested are -of native birth. The largest number of arrests for a single cause was 
7823 for breach of the peace. 

It will be seen that the cost of police service in the following cities is highly favorable to 
Philadelphia: 

Boston 474 men. Cost per capita of population $281 

New York .... 3950 " " " " 2 89 

Chicago 3554 " " " " 2 42 

Philadelphia ... 2027 " " " " i 93 

/m 

OFFICERS OF THE BUREAU OF POLICE. 

Superintendent of Police, Robert J. Linden ; Chief Clerk, William Culbertson ; 
Assistant Clerks, B. F. Shantz and G. L. Rubicam ; Clerk to Superintendent of Police, 
Charles Henry; Assistant Clerk to Superintendent of Police, S. W. Roop ; Central 
Station Clerk, John Moffit : Captain Chas. B. Edgar, First Division ; Captain Edw. W. 
Malin, Second Division : Captain Harry M. Quirk, Third Division ; Captain Thomas 
Brown, Fourth Division ; Fire Marshal, James S. Thompson. 




A. POLICB RI SERVE. 



The Bureau of Fire. 




By James C. Baxter, Jr., Chief Enginebr 



The organization of the Bureau of Fire, with headquarters at 1328 Race 
Street, is briefly as follows : 

One Chief Engineer, 8 Assistant Engineers, i Inspector, i Secretary, 
I Shorehouse Clerk, i Messenger, i Driver of Supply Wagon, i Assistant 
Clerk, 4 Telephone Operators, 49 Foremen, 43 Enginemen, 38 Firemen, 
45 Drivers, 7 Tillermen, 2 Pilots of Fire Boat, 405 Hose and Laddermen, 
I Superintendent of Repair Shop, i Assistant Superintendent of Repair 
Shop, I Superintendent of Horses, i Hostler, i Watchman, 9 Machinists, 
5 Blacksmiths, 5 Helpers, 3 Wheelwrights, i Plumber and Gasfitter, i 
Boilermaker, 2 Carpenters, i Patternmaker, 3 Painters, 49 Cleaners. 

The city is divided into eight Fire Districts, each under the super- 
vision of an Assistant Engineer. The Bureau has a system of direct 
telephone service with each company, by which the Chief Engineer is 
enabled to communicate with the several foremen without delay. Each 
company, upon their return from attending an alarm of fire, reports that 
fact to headquarters at once. 

During the year 1892 the companies comprising the Bureau 
attended 1531 alarms of fire; Box Alarms, 609; Local Alarms, 922. 

APPARATUS. 

Forty-one Steam Fire Engines, 41 Hose Carts, 6 Hayes Hook and 
Ladder Trucks, i Double Tank Eighty-five Gallon Chemical Engine, i 
Double Tank Fifty Gallon Chemical 
Engine, Fire Boat, 2 Double Tank 

Sixty Gallon Chemical Engines, 2 Double Tank Thirty-five Gallon 

Chemical Engines and Hose Wagon combined, in addition to which 

each engine company carries i six gallon hand fire extinguisher, 

and each truck company 2 six gallon hand fire extinguishers on 

their apparatus. During 1894 the following additions will be made 

to the city's fire apparatus : 4 

Engines, 3 Trucks, i Water 

Tower, 4 Duval Water Towers 

for Aerial Ladders. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Engineer, James C. 
Baxter, Jr. ; Assistant Engi- 
neers : First District, Samuel 
Dunlap ; Second District, James 
F. McGarity ; Third District, 
William Staiger ; Fourth Dis- 
trict, Jacob B. Andress ; Fifth 
District, John Smith; Sixth 
District, William G. McDade ; 
Seventh District, George Nal- 
linger ; Eighth District, 
Charles H. Hollwarth. 




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Our Streets. 




FIRST TROLLEY LINE IN PHILADELPHIA. 



^Y George A. Bullock, Chief of Highway Department. 



In the work of gradual improvement of the 
pavements of highway's in Philadelphia, 
special conditions have always existed 
involving problems not encountered, to the 
same extent, by the authorities of any other 
American city. These conditions are 
partially due to the exceptionally large area 
of territory occupied by our urban and 
suburban population, and also because of 
the large number of principal streets and 
a\'enues occupied by the tracks of various 
passenger railway companies. Although 
the condition of nearly 50 per cent, of our 

streets continues to the present time to be far behind that of scores of younger cities in all parts of the 

country, there is a prospect, amounting indeed to a certainty, that the best forms of paving will soon 

be found throughout the whole municipality. This result must follow the adoption of the trolley 

system of propulsion by the combined railway companies, as a condition to which they are bound by 

the terms of their concessions from the city. In addition to this means of improvement the available 

annual appropriations for the repaving of old streets by the Highway Department, and the large 

amounts paid by citizens for paving of new streets in the suburbs under its direction, will continue to 

rapidly change the old order of things until, in a short time the last of the cobble stones will disappear 

from the scene fore^-er. 

Three classes of material are now employed in the city proper for paving, namely, the Belgian 

block, where heav}' traffic 

demands this class of work ; 

vitrified brick and sheet 

asphaltum. The appropria- 
tion for 1893 was $1,345, 9 1 9. 

The passenger railways spent 

$200,000 on paving. The 

number of miles paved during 

the year was 50.39, of which 

the city paved 23.56. 

The total length of all 

streets and roads in the city 

is now 1,297.7 miles, 32 

miles of which were opened 

in 1893. The total length of 

paved streets is 821 miles. 

During the present year 

between 60 and 70 miles of 

new paving in asphalt and 

Belgian blocks will be laid in 

the city, of which the street 

railway lines will put down 

the greater part, at a cost of 

about $4,000,000. CHESTNUT street, westward from sixth. 




THE SYSTEM OF NUMBERING HOUSES. 

One hundred numbers are alloted to each block, commencing at the Delaware River running west, 
and at Market Street running north and south. Houses on the south and west sides of streets have 
even numbers ; those on the east and north sides of streets have uneven numbers. 

THE NAMES OF STREETS. 

The names of streets are displayed on the lamp-posts and on houses at the intersections. Com- 
mencing with Delaware Avenue at the Delaware River, the first street west is named Front Street ; the 
second is named Second Street, and so on to the cit.v limits, numerals being used for all streets running 
north and south, with the exception of Broad Street. Names are used for all streets running east and 
west, as shown in the following list : 



NAMES OF STREETS RUNNING EAST AND WEST, 



NORTH OF MARKET STREET. 



HOUSE 




HOUSE 




HOUSE 




HOUSE 


NO. 


NAME OF STREET. 


NO. 


NAME OF STREET. 


NO. 


NAME OF STREET 


NO. 


i 


Market. 


1400 


Master. 


I 


Market. 


1400 


IOC 


Arch. 


1500 


Jefferson. 


100 


Chestnut. 


1500 


2 GO 


Race. 


1600 


Oxford. 


200 


Walnut. 


1600 


300 


Vine. 


1700 


Columbia Ave. 


300 


Spruce. 


1700 


400 


Callowhill 


1800 


Montgomery Ave. 


400 


Pine. 


1800 


438 


Noble. 


1900 


Berks. 


500 


Lombard. 


1900 


500 


Buttonwood. 


2000 


Norris. 


600 


South. 


2000 


52'.> 


Spring Garden. 


2100 


Diamond. 


700 


Bainbridge 


2100 


600 


Green . 


2200 


Susquehanna Ave. 


740 


Fitzwater. 


2200 


700 


Fairmount Ave. 


2300 


Dauphin. 


800 


Catharine. 


2300 


800 


Brown. 


2400 


York. 


900 


Christian. 


2400 


836 


Parfish. 


2500 


Cumberland. 


1000 


Carpenter. 


2500 


900 


Poplar. 


2600 


Huntingdon. 


HOD 


Washington Ave. 


2600 


1200 


Girard Ave 


2700 


Lehigh Ave. 


1200 


Federal. 


2700 


1300 


Thompson. 


2800 


Somerset. 


1300 


Wharton. 


2800 



WITH NUMBERS OF HOUSES. 
SOUTH OF MARKET STREET. 



NAME OF STREET. 

Reed. 

Dickinson. 

Tasker. 

Morris. 

Moore. 

Mifflin. 

McKean. 

Snyder Ave. 

Jackson. 

Wolf. 

Ritner. 

Porter. 

Shunk. 

Oregon Ave. 

Johnston . 

Street cars run on the streets and in the direction indicated as follows : North on Third, Fifth, 
Eighth, Ninth, Eleventh, Thirteenth, Sixteenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth. South on Second, 
Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Tenth, Twelfth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth and Twentieth. East on Lombard, 
Spruce, Chestnut, Market, Filbert, Arch, Race, Callowhill, Spring Garden, Green, Wallace, Girard 
Avenue, Jefferson, Columbia Avenue and Norris. West on South, Pine, Walnut, Sansom, Market, 
Arch, Vine, Callowhill, Spring Garden, Fairmount Avenue, Girard Avenue, Master, Columbia Avenue 
and Susquehanna Avenue. 

Broad Street Omnibus Line, from Broad and Huntingdon Streets to Snyder Avenue. Return 
same route. Time for round -trip, one hour and thirty-eight minutes. 





The Parks and Squares of the City 




BRONZE STATUE OF JEANNE D ARC, 

Girard Avenue entrance of Lemon Hill, 

Fairmouut Park. 



By Charles S. Keyser. 



Reservations of ground as parks and squares for the general enjoyment of the 
people of Philadelphia have been made in twenty-three of the thirty-five wards 
of the city, and fairly provide for the needs of the citizens. They are the 
result of a policy inaugurated by the founder of the State, who laid out on the 
plan of the city four squares, or areas of ground, at its four angles, containing 
together twenty -eight and a half acres, and further intended that the whole 
front of the city along the Delaware River should be kept a green slope. 

The municipality subsequently improved these squares, and firom time to 
time added other small tracts generally called squares, from their rectangular 
borders, so that there are now thirty-three open areas of ground through the 
citjr, embracing altogether two hundred and seventeen acres, the common 
property of the citizens. Among these is ' ' Stenton, ' ' an old homestead, 
fourteen acres, formerly the property of James Togan, Colonial Secre- 
tary of the founder; " Bartram's Garden," eleven acres, the first 
botanical garden in America; the ground, two and a half acres, where 
the founder made his world-famed treaty with the Indians under the 
great elm tree; and "Independence Square," four and a half acres, 
where the Declaration of Independence was first read to the people. 
These grounds, either have been or are being laid out in walks and 
lighted and planted with trees, are a distinctive feature of the city plan, 
and of inestimable value as breathing places for the citizens. There is also a larger tract, " Hunting 
Park," forty -three acres, enclosing a mile course, now a public common for the citizens. But the most 
popular of these grounds of Philadelphia, as well as the most notable piece of ground for its extent and 
natural advantages within the borders of any municipality, either in Europe or America, is " Fairmount 
Park," a great tract of land and water brought into prominence by the reservation made out of it for the 
Centennial Exhibition of 1876. It lies on both sides of the Schuylkill River, in the western portion of 
the city plan, and extends from its east entrance westward three and a half miles, northward five and 
a half miles along the Schu5dkill River, to the northwestern boundary of the citj% and a farther distance 
of six and a half miles along the Wissahickon, a tributary stream which flows into this river, the whole 
tract embracing an area of land and water of nearly thr^e thousand acres. 

It is dedicated to the use of the whole people of the State as a public common, and is in charge 
of a Board of Commissioners, who are authorized to make the necessary expenditures for its mainten- 
ance from appropriations made 

annually for this purpose by the ^'».4? 

councils of the city. It was ^•.■ota.^^'My''' 

acquired by the city under the 
authority of the State, mainly by 
purchase. A large portion of it, 
however, was the gift of citizens. 
The river which passes through it 
is the main supply of the water 
for the citjr, and the preservation 
of its purity was one of the pur- 
poses of the acquisition of its 
waters within the grounds. The - 




OLD HARTRAM MANSION. 




EQUESTRIANS IX FAIRMOUXT PARK. 

whole tract was formerly a series of estates. One portion of it was the residence of John Penn, the 
last Colonial Governor of Pennsylvania ; another, the estate of Judge Peters, the Secretary of War of the 
Colonies during the Revolution ; another, the country seat of Robert Morris, the Financier of the Revo- 
lution. The mansion of Judge Peters, as well as others of these colonial dwellings, remain as they 
were during the Revolution. The chief modern buildings are "Memorial Hall " and " Horticultural 
Hall." Memorial Hall was built from appropriations made by the State, and for the Centennial E.xpo- 
sition of 1876, at a cost of one and a half million dollars. A gallery of pictures is a leading feature of 
this building, among them Rothermel's celebrated picture of the Battle of Gettysburg. This building is 
open to the public free daily, including Sundays, throughout the year. Horticultural Hall was built at 
the same time by the city. It contains a magnificent collection of plants, among them the fern trees of 
Australia. The other near by structures are the Ohio building and the buildings of the British Com- 
missioners, also remembrances of that Centennial. The buildings of the Zoological Garden, the grounds 
of which cover a tract of thirty -three acres, are upon the western shore of the Schuylkill River, below 

Girard Avenue. The boat club houses of the Schuylkill Navy are above 
the old Fairmount Water Works, along the margin of the river. 

These last are equal in all their appointments to those of any 
organization for similar purposes, in fact no similar collection of buildings 
as extensi^^e for boating clubs is found anywhere else in the United States. 
The national rowing course is an exceptional water for its freedom from 
wind and currents. Three of the city's water works and their reservoirs 
are also located in Fairmount Park. One of these reservoirs covers a tract 
of one hundred and five acres. 

It is, however, in its natural advantages that the park had its 
admirable place among the pleasure grounds of the world. 
The lower Schuylkill section, two thousand two hundred 
and forty acres, contains half a million trees and shrubs, 
among these three thousand four hundred forest trees, with 
some rare specimens eighteen to twenty-seven feet in circum- 
ference ; it contains three hundred and twenty-one genera 
and ■ six hundred and fift}' A'arieties of herbaceous and cryp- 
togam ous plants. The flowers and flowering shrubs are a 
remarkable feature in this park. These have been classified 




18 




A VISTA l-\ WEST FAIRMOUST PARK 




GIRARD AVENUE BRIDGE ACROSS THE SCHUYLKILL RIVER. 




A GI,IMPSE OP THE WISSAHICKON, FAIRMOUNX PARK. 



in fi^'e hundred genera and seven hundred varieties ; the park contains also in its stratifications one-sixth 
of all the known minerals of the United States ; its waters, fifteen species offish ; and its woods, thickets 
and meadows seventy-seven species of birds, resident or migratory, observed during the year. 

The Schuylkill River within its borders has an average breadth of a quarter of a mile, in some 
parts broading so as to present the appearance of lakes, in others showing a slow flowing stream. The 
Wissahickon, its tributar}^, is among the most remarkable of all known waters as a type of the purelj^ 
romantic in scenery. The park besides contains twentj' smaller streams and one hundred and fifty 
springs of clear, cold water. It has everj' variet}' of scenery — upland, lawn, rocky ravines, high hill 
summits and open fields. It is made accessible to the visitors by fifty miles of carriage drives, and one 
hundred miles of smaller roads and paths, and by row boats and steamers on the Schuylkill River, a 
distance of six miles, and by row boats on the Wissahickon, a distance of two miles. 

There are a number of pieces of .statuary in the grounds, gifts of individuals and societies, mainly 
of the " Park Art A.ssociation,'' organized for this purpose. Thej^ embrace great men of the Revolution 
and of our own time ; among them are Charles Carroll, of Carrollton ; Commodore Barn,', of the Revo- 
lutionary Navy, and Dr. Witherspoon. There are also statues of Humboldt, Abraham Lincoln and • 
General George Gordon Meade, Morton McMichael, Goethe and Schiller, a statue of Religious Libertj^, 
and a statue of Columbus which is believed to be the first erected in any part of the United States. 
The beautiful equestrian statue of Jeanne D'Arc, a picture of which embellishes this article, was 
recently erected in the park at the eastern approach to Girard Avenue bridge. The cost of the grounds 
and subsequent improvements have been about ten millions of dollars. 

In this notice I have summarized papers prepared for me by the following citizens of Philadelphia: 
The ornithology, b>- C. Few Seiss, his classification embraces resident, summer resident, winter resident 
and migratory ; the ichthyolog\^ by the late Thaddeus Norris, it embraces local and migratory ; the list 
of trees by Isaac Burke, A\'ith additions by Thomas Meehan, embracing trees and shrubs ; the list of 
flowers from the collections of George Worley, William Haworth, E. Price, and the writer 



The Zoological Garden. 



By C. I,. Jefferson. 




ENTRANCE OF THE 7,OOI,OGICAI, GARDEN. 



The beautiful garden of 
the Philadelphia Zoological 
Society has, ever since its 
establishment in 1874, 
grown steadily in popular 
appreciation as a place of 
resort for excursion parties 
from the cities and towns 
within reach. The oppor- 
tunity which it affords, 
both to children and those 
of mature years, for ob- 
taining a familiar knowl- 
edge of the varied forms of 
life which abound under 
nature in all portions of 
the earth, combined with 
the pleasurable accessories of trees, foliage, and the many products of the gardener's art, render it 
specially well adapted to such a purpose. The garden covers about thirty- five acres of ground, beauti- 
fully situated on the bank of the Schuylkill River, just below Girard Avenue bridge, and is, in fact, the 
southern extremity of West Fairmount Park. A considerable part of the enclosure was originally the 
estate of John Penn, a grandson of the founder of the Commonwealth, whose mansion — " Solitude " — 
still stands, unaltered, about the middle of the grounds. 

The laying out of the garden, with the buildings and enclosures for animals, represents an outla}' 
of nearly half a million dollars. The collection of animals, which is the primary object of the estab- 
lishment, has been selected with a view to the educational facilities which can be afforded in no waj' 
but by grouping together living specimens, and is justly regarded as not onl}^ b^^ far the best in this 
country, but as of equal rank with the best of the long-established institutions of like nature in Europe, 
where almost every city has its zoological garden for the recreation and instruction of its people. 

The buildings are striking instances of the adaptation which may be reached between archi- 
tectural effect and practical fitness for the special purpose of their erection. The carnivora house is a 
massive structure of brick, over two hundred feet long, sun-ounded by outside cages for sunmier use on 
one side, while on the other is a terrace of stone, with beds containing a great variety of tropical cactus, 
and a fountain basin filled with many kinds of colored water-lilies. It contains many specimens of the 
lion, tiger, leopard, puma, hysena, and all the large carnivora, besides sun-bears, porcupines, and mani^ 
other animals. 

The elephant house, the largest and most costly of the build- 
ings, contains a number of elephants, the enormous Indian rhinoceros, 
hippopotamus, zebra, tapirs, etc. In front is a large stone tank in 
which the elephants are bathed ever}^ afternoon during warm weather, 
affording by their clumsy sport while in the water a never-ceasing 
source of amusement to the gathered crowd. 

The deer house, in front of which are the seal ponds, contains 
a number of deer and antelope, mainly from Afirica and South 
America ; also, kangaroos, ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and the 




brush-turkey. The rare and interesting chimpanzee, which, next to the gorilla, is the largest among 
apes, is also kept in this building. 

The aviarj^ at the southern end of the grounds, is filled with a collection mostly of tropical 
birds, toucans, parrots, macaws, pigeons, etc., whose brilliant colors show in the airy and sunlit build- 
ing like the gorgeous shades of beds of \'ariegated flowers. 

The polar bear pen, the pits for other bears, the deer park, the iron cattle pens, the enclosures 
for camels, llamas, elk, and buffalo, the prairie dog village, pheasant cages, lake for swans, ducks, 
and geese, the beaver pond, eagle aviary with the large monkey house and reptile house, are scattered 
throughout the grounds, and afford material to occupy a full day in a careful inspection. Guide-books 
giving full descriptions of the animals are sold at the gates for fifteen cents. Especial attention is given 
to gardening, both landscape and ornamental, and the effects produced b}^ the extensive display of native 
and exotic plants of all varieties is probably not surpassed in this country. 

Quick and easy means of transit are at hand to all points about the city. The Zoological 
Garden Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, is directly at the north gate, and is within six minutes' 
ride of the Broad Street Station and the new Public Buildings. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad 
has a station at Girard Avenue, within five minutes' reach of the garden. Steamers ply on the 
Schujdkill River from the water-works, nearl}^ opposite, to the Wissahickon, stopping every few 
moments at the garden, and street cars run to all parts of the city. 



The Local Census. 



When the Board of Managers of the Trades League determined to undertake the ' ' Book of Philadel- 
phia," it was recognized that among the most important of the many items of information to be gathered 
into its pages was a careful and unassailable count of our population. Having this in view the aid of 
the Mayor and Councils was invoked, with the result that the police, under the direction of Captain J. 
A. Kaiser, as Superintendent of the Census, obtained the following results, which gives Philadelphia 
her rightful place as second of American cities in point of population : 



POPULATION OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, NOVEMBER, 1892. 





Over 21 


years. 


Under 21 


years. 


Population 


W.nrds. 


Males. 


Females. 


Males. 


Females. 


of Wards. 


I 


• 17.576 


17.489 


13,448 


13,320 


61,833 


2 


■ 10,361 


9.659 


6,979 


6,774 


33.773 


3 .... 


6,964 


6.513 


4,571 


4.45^. 


22,501 


4 .... 


■ 7.217 


6,297 


4.455 


4,409 


22,378 


5 ■••• 


• 6,675 


5.749 


3,130 


3.098 


18,652 


6 .... 


■ 3,593 


2.503 


1.519 


1.496 


9,111 


7 . . . . 


9.449 


:2,Si2 


4.548 


4,901 


31,710 


8 . .. 


• 6,254 


8,754 


2,134 


2,115 


19.257 


9 .... 


3.69S 


3.772 


1,242 


1.254 


9,966 


10 


• 8,391 


8,639 


2,781 


3.034 


22,845 


II 


■ 4,543 


3.4S4 


2,638 


2,549 


13.214 


12 


■ 5,083 


4.558 


2,415 


2.459 


14.515 


13 ., .. 


• 6.57a 


6,887 


2,654 


2,674 


18,793 


14 .... 


• 7.387 


7,942 


3,201 


3.25S 


21,788 


15 .... 


. 16,306 


18,337 


8,736 


y.947 


52,326 


i5. ... 


• 5.066 


4,971 


3.431 


3.482 


16,950 


17 


• 5,763 


5.727 


3,886 


4,011 


19.387 


iS 


• 9-135 


8,884 


5.876 


5.570 


29.425 


19 


. 16,682 


17,267 


".383 


11,684 


57.016 



Wards. 

20 13.212 

21 . . 

22 , . 

23 ■■ 
24. 

25 11.310 

26 20,075 



Over 21 years. 
Males. Females. 



7.988 
13.855 

6.759 
13,718 



• 11.935 

• 17.989 

• 16,157 

■ 8,754 

■ 9.59S 

• 9.673 

33 12,186 

34 6,S8o 

35 5.358 



27- 
28. 

29 
30- 
31- 
32- 



16,015 
8,124 

17.277 
7,084 
16,661 
10,701 
20,218 
13.203 
18,770 
20,408 
10,170 

9.798 
12,982 
11,790 

6,689 

4.516 



Under 21 years. 

Females, 



IMal 
7.531 
6,029 

9.718 
4,493 
8,299 
9.776 

15.239 
6,295 

12,525 

11.366 
5.654 
7.083 
5.358 

",315 
5.837 
3,102 



7.970 
6,057 

10,116 
4,502 
8,907 
9.501 

15.021 
6,495 

12,423 

10,596' 
5.72S 
6,980 
5,84s 

10,092 

5.323 
3.191 



Population 
of Wards. 

44.728 

28,"i98 

50,966 

22,828' 

47,585 

41,288 

70,553 
37.928 
61,707 

58,527 
30,306 

33.459 
33,S6i 

44,383 
24.729 
16,167 



Totals . 342,168 364,610 217,637 218,238 1,142,653 



When this result was published the Trades L,eague, whose special committee had taken an active 
part in the work, expressed to Mayor Stuart, in an official letter, the belief that the figures were entirely 
correct, and that the excellent system adopted, reflected great credit upon the Police Bureau. 



Public Schools. 



COMPILED FROM THK REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 




Philadelphia has invested in public school property the sum of 
$10,166,695.00. In 1893, 125,180 pupils attended 428 public 
schools in Philadelphia, at an expense of $3,461,183.05, of which 
$531,225.59 was chargeable to permanent improvement. The 
average expense for each pupil was $23.61 per annum. The 
average annual expense of the Manual Training School boys was 
$113.50 (see Manual Training Schools); of High School boys, 
$90.02; of the Normal School Girls, $37.29. The average daily 
attendance was 55,594 boys and 58,765 girls. 2988 teachers, of 
whom 137 are men, are employed; the item of salary for instuctors 
being $2,006,571.10. 

Of the 428 schools, 86 are under supervising principals. 
There are 119 primary schools, 64 secondaries, 77 kindergartens, 
NEW NORMAL SCHOOL. 52 Combined secondary and primary schools, 37 grammar, 31 

consolidated, 29 combined grammar, secondary and primar\^ 5 combined grammar and primary, 3 cooking, 
2 manual training and i each of boys' high, girls' high and girls' normal schools, school of practice, 
industrial art school, elementary manual training school and school of pedagogy. The girls' normal 
school is now provided with a structure which ranks well with any school building in the United States. 
It is erected upon the site of the old Spring Garden Hall, at Thirteenth and Spring Garden Streets. 
The present membership of the girls' high school is 1790, and the number of instructors is 53, the 
principal being Mr. George W. Fetter, who has occupied this post continuously since 1865. The 
course of study covers four years. Of the 5772 pupils who have graduated since the opening of this 
school in 1848, 4878 have subsequently become teachers in the public schools. 

The public instruction of Philadelphia is in charge of a Board of Education, the city being 
divided into school sections of which there are 37. School directors are also chosen at local elections 
by the people. The immediate charge of the work of education is in the hands of a superintendent, 
the present incumbent being Edward Brooks, LL. D., who has a staff of six assistants. The offices of 
the Board are upon Filbert Street above Seventh. The reader is referred to the chapter upon Manual 
Training Schools for information regarding an important branch of the public education. 




COOKING CLASS, PUBLIC SCHOOL AT SF.VBNTH AND NORRIS STREETS. 




COLLEGE HALL. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

The University of Pennsylvania. 



By Edward W. Mumford. 



The important place which Philadelphia now occupies as an educational centre is well exemplified 
in the University of Pennsylvania, the largest educational institution in the Middle States, and 
the third among the universities of America. The Universitj^ has been closely identified with the 
last 150 years of the city's history. It had its rise in a charitable school, founded about 1740, 
but of not much importance, until Benjamin Franklin turned his attention to it. There were 
other schools in the city at the time, most of them founded by Germans or Friends, but Franklin 
saw the need of a good English academy which should offer training, not only for scholars but for 
business men and citizens. This idea is worthy of remark, for out of it came the first institution 
in America founded on a broader basis than the education of j'oung men for the ministry. With 
Franklin the deed lay very near the thought. In 1749 he published his plan in a pamphlet, 
"'Proposals Relative to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvaiiia ,"' and a Board of Trustees was 
formed at once. In 1750 he secured from the City Councils ^1,000, and raised other sums, 
amounting in all to about $40,000, and in January, 1751, the academy and charitable schools of 
Philadelphia were opened with appropriate ceremonies. 

But from the outset the Trustees were determined that as soon as possible the Academy 
should become a regular college, and in 1753, under Dr. William Smith, the highest classes 
attained a degree of proficiency which made this feasible. So a charter was secured, the name 
was changed to the College and Academy of Philadelphia, and Dr. Smith became the first Provost. 

The transition from a college to a university came about in rather a peculiar wa3^ In 1779, 
under a shallow pretext that the foundation had been narrowed, the Assembly of Pennsylvania 
took away the charter and conferred it together with all of the College's property upon a new 
institution, the University of the State of Pennsylvania. Ten years later the College charter was 

24 



'"f"* Mm 


f 


Ei^ ■ 1 




jiiijiijii 


1^ 



restored, and for a time the two institutions 
existed side by side. But finall}', on mutual 
petition, the Assembly, in 1791, granted a charter 
uniting the two under the present name of the 
University of Penns5'lvania. It should be noted, 
however, that the institution is not a State univer- 
sity, in the usual sense of the term, being sup- 
ported almost entirely b}' funds contributed by 
private individuals. Since its foundation the 
University has occupied three sites. 

As at present organized, the University 
comprises thirteen Departments, of which six, by 
the way, have been added since Dr. William 
Pepper became Provost. These departments are 
as follows: ist, the College Department, including 
the courses in Arts, in Science (the Towne 
Scientific School) ; in Architecture ; in Natural History (the School of Biology) ; in Finance and 
Economy (the Wharton School) ; and the course in Music. 2d, the Medical Department. 3d, the 
Department of Law. 4th, the Auxiliary Department of Medicine. 5th, the Department of Dentistry. 
6th, the Department of Philosophy. 7th, the Department of Veterinary Medicine. 8th, the Depart- 
ment of Physical Education. 9th, the Laboratory of Hygiene. loth, the Graduate Department 
for Women. nth, the Museum of Archeology and Palaeontology. 12th, the University Hospital. 
13th, the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. 

Full information about the details of instruction may be found in the annual catalogue, and 
in the special circulars issued from time to time. But apart from curricula there are some points 
about these Departments worth noting here. 

The College Department occupies College Hall, the Mechanical Buildings at Thirty-fourth 
and Spruce, and Biological Hall, at Thirty-seventh and Pine. It includes the courses in Arts and 
Science, and the special schools noted above. Under the head of the Towne Scientific School come 



SCHOOL OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLV.iNIA. 




CHAPET., UNIVKR.SITV OF PENNSYLVANIA 




LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSY'LVANIA. 




INTERIOR (IK I.IHRAKY, L'N-IVERSITY UF 1>ENNSY1,VANI A . 



the Engineering courses : Mechanical, Electrical, Civil and Mining, and the courses in Arcliiltc- 
ture and Chemistry. The new buildings for the Mechanical and Electrical students have just been 
erected, and offer as good mechanical laboratories as are found in any college. They contain also 
a central plant from which all the twenty-five University buildings are to be lighted and heated. 
A new Chemical Laboratory is now being erected, and the building will be ready in the Fall of 1893. 

The Biological School is one of the many unique features of the University, and one of the 
most interesting. No other part of the College Department has a greater proportion of students 
thoroughly interested and working hard. The school is superbly equipped, and is one of the 
things people from other colleges talk about. The Marine Biological Laboratory, at Sea Isle City, 
N. J., is an important part of it. 

Other college courses of special value are those in the Wharton School of Finance and 
Economy, and the School of American History. Each has a large library, and each stands for a 
new idea in A^merican education, the cultivation of business men, and the training of intelligent 
American citizens. 

In one thing, at least, the University has been pre-eminent for over a century, viz., in 
medicine. The Universit}^ Medical School, founded in 1769, was the earliest in America, and has 
always maintained its place. A full mention of this school, together with the departments of Den- 
tistry and Veterinary Medicine, will be found in the chapter devoted to Medical Colleges. 

If the good start made in 1790 had been maintained, the Law Department would be one of the 
most venerable features of the University. The attempts made then and in 18 16 were not successful, 
But in 1849, the School was reorganized under the famous Judge George Sharswood, and has since 
then been eminently prosperous. It has now over two hundred students, and a teaching force of ten 
professors and lecturers. It is the only Department with quarters off the College grounds, occup}-- 
ing the whole sixth floor of the Girard Building, at Broad and Chestnut Streets. 

All the post-graduate courses in the University, with the exception of those in law and 
medicine, are included under the Department of Philosophy, which offers twenty-one distinct fields 
of study in preparation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In some of these fields, as in 
American History, Economics and Semitic Languages, the University is exceptionally strong. To 
this work women are admitted on equal terms with men, under the head of the Graduate Depart- 
ment for Women. A special dormitory has been provided for them at the S. E. corner of Thirty- 
fourth and Walnut Streets, and the Women's Department has eight endowed fellowships. 

It is hardly necessary to say that the University grows every year more important to Phila- 
delphia and the country at large. Its students have more than doubled in numbers in ten years 
and now muster 2,060 names. The teaching force of 257 professors, lecturers, etc., is the 
second largest in the country, and is of recognized strength. In all, the University occupies 
twenty-five buildings, many of which, such as the " Dog Hospital," the Laboratory of Hygiene, 
the Wistar Institute, the Library building, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, at Sea Isle 
City, N. J., are unique in America. The University Library, with 110,000 bound volumes, is fifth in 
size among university libraries, and in many respects ranks easily first. 

It is hardly too much to say that Philadelphia still fails to appreciate entirely the 
magnitude of the work being done in her midst by the University, the support of the institu- 
tion by the citizens who live almost within sight of it having been comparatively slight in the 
past. But this has changed in recent years ; the city government has been liberal in making 
grants of land ; large bequests from Philadelphians are more common, and in maily other ways 
the bonds between the city and its chief intellectual centre are being strengthened, to the 
advantage of both. 



27 




' llHrr 




UXIVERSITV OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
1. MEDICAL HALL. 2. UENTAL HALL AND CHEMICAL LABORATORIES. 3. VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. 4. LABOSATORY OF HYGIENE. 



Medical Colleges and Kindred Institutions. 




By Seneca Egbert, A. M., M. D. 



Although Philadelphia has alwaj-s been the medical centre of 
America, few realize that, if it is not already so, it is rapidly 
becoming, in many respects, the peer of any city in the world 
in the education of phj'sicians and in the dissemination of 
medical and correlated knowledge. 

This year there are enrolled at the various schools over 
2,000 students of medicine, a number probably greater than 
that of which any other city can boast, and if to this be added 
those who are pursuing studies in pharmacy, dentistry and 
veterinary medicine, our city is undoubtedly, as far as numbers 
alone are concerned, far ahead of her rivals. But, happily, it 
is on more commendable grounds than these alone that we are 
content and proud to rest our claims of excellence. Each of 
the five medical colleges is of the highest class, thorough in 
its work and in the qualifications of the graduates, and one of 
the schools is not only the oldest but claims to be the best on 
the continent. Their faculties are composed of men, second 
to none as regards teaching ability, and the names of many of 
whom are almost as well known abroad as at home. The 
material equipment of each college for medical education is 
most excellent, and, inasmuch as successful medical teaching 
must be clinical as well as didactic, ample opportunity for this 
is afforded in the enormous number of patients annually treated in the numerous Philadelphia hospitals 
and dispensaries, which offer to the student almost every known type or phase of disease or injury. 
Besides the respective hospitals to which the various colleges are specifically connected and which are 
thoroughly equipped with e^-erything required by the most advanced medical and surgical science of the 
day, students have the privilege of attending regular clinics at the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, German, 
St. Joseph's and other hospitals, while the various dispensaries afford unsurpassed opportunities for the 
study of diagnosis and treatment. 

Again, it is a potent incentive to young physicians to breathe the medico-literary atmosphere that 
pervades the profession in this city and to be so closely in contact with those who not only teach but 
write, and who are thus known in their respective specialties the world over. It signifies not a little 
that at least one-half of all the medical books in the United States are written or published here. 

Of the institutions individually, the Medical Department of the University of Penns)dvania is 
first to be considered, not only because it is the oldest medical school in America, but because of its 
claim that it is also the best and most thorough. Founded in 1765 by Dr. John Morgan, a pupil of 
Hunter of London , and Cullens of Edinburgh , and adopting the methods of the best schools of Great 
Britain, it had for its earliest faculty Morgan, Shippen, Kuhn, Rush and Bond, all names illustrious in 
early medical history and writings of the countrj^ To these have succeeded a long line of others no 
less famous who have always maintained the reputation of the school, and among the more recent of 
whom may be mentioned George B. Wood, Hugh I,. Hodge, Joseph Leidy and D. Ha^-es Agnew. 

Realizing the constantly increasing scope of medical science the University, has adopted a four- 
year course, beginning with the coming session of i893-'94, in which, after a thorough grounding in 
the fundamental sciences of medicine by both didactic and laboratory teaching, the strongest feature is, 
perhaps, the especial bedside instruction and opportunities for practical operative work. This instruction 



29 




PROPOSED BUILDINGS OF JKFFKRSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 

is given in the Medical Hall, Laboratory Building, University Hospital, Maternity Pavilions, Wistar 
Institute of Anatomy and Laboratory of Hygiene, all located in close proximity to one another, while 
also near at hand is the Philadelphia Hospital with its thousand beds, where at least six clinical lectures 
a week are given by its medical and surgical staff. 

The chemical laboratories are said to be the 
largest and best equipped in the world, having 432 
separate working places for students, thus allowing 
that number to do practical laboratory work at the 
same time. The Laboratory of Hygiene embraces the 
best features of all the most noted ones abroad, and 
the new Wistar Institute of Anatomy offers especial 
facilities for post-graduate study and original research 
in advanced anatomy and biology. As for the 
University Hospital 1 7 , 644 patients have been treated 
in its wards since 1874, while in its dispensaries for 
the same period there have been over 130,000 
free patients. The total number of matriculates 
enrolled for the session of i892-'93 in the Medical 
Department of the University was 847, 




woman's college. 



Medicine at the recent commencement, 
partmentis 10,801. In fine, as a promi- 
history of the medical graduates of the 
of medicine in America." 

Ever since its founding-, almost 



I 




of whom 189 received the degree of Doctor of 
The total number of graduates of the Medical De- 
nent medical man has said, "He who writes the 
University of Pennsylvania will write the histor}"- 

seventy 3'ears ago, the Jefferson Medical College 

has been a sturdy rival of the University Medical 

Department. It is well and favorably known, both 

at home and abroad, and its many graduates reflect 

honor and credit not only upon the institution itself 

but upon the profession at large. For many 

years the didactic and laboratory instruction 

has been given in the well-equipped 

building on South Tenth Street, 

but increasing numbers of students 

^^_' and exigencies of the times demand 
^1 the preparation of more com- 

" "^~ modious quarters. With this in 
view a spacious and suitable pro- 
perty has been secured on South 
Broad Street, on which it is the 
intention .to erect, as soon as 



RAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE. 




m I in all its branches, 
the character of the 



MKDICO-CHIRtTRGICAL HOSPITAL. 



possible, a group of 
thoroughly arranged col- 
lege, hospital and laboratory 
buildings, which will be 
fully equipped with every- 
thing necessary for the 
proper teaching of medicine 
As to 
teach- 
ing, one might say that no 
college could be considered 
mediocre that had enrolled 
at any one time upon its 
staff such names as Gross, 
Da Costa and Parvin. 

As for the facilities 
for clinical instruction, it 

has long been the claim of Jefferson College that not more than one hospital in the world exceeds its 

own in the a\'erage daily number of its applicants. This is apparently borne out by the report of the 

great number of 150,552 patients treated in fifteen years. Besides this, its students, as do those 

of other medical colleges, have the advantage of the clinics and dispensaries of other Philadelphia 

hospitals, upon the staffs of a number of which its various professors have positions. The number of 

matriculates enrolled for the past session was 624, of whom 188 graduated as physicians at the recent 

commencement. The total number of graduates to date is 10,087. 

It is scarcely strange, and yet it is noteworthjr, that in Philadelphia, for the first time in the 

history of the world, the degree of Doctor of Medicine, from a chartered woman's medical college, was 

conferred upon women. This happened forty-two years ago, two years after the founding, in 1850, of 

what was then known as the " Female Medical College," but is now the Woman's Medical College. Its 

total number of graduates since that time is 690, of whom 42 constitute the class that received degrees 

this j^ear. The matriculates come 

from all parts of the world. The 

graduates go thither, not only to 

heal the sick , but to open up the way 

to civilization to other women. 

As to the college itself, its 

equipment is excellent ; it offers a 

curriculum equalled bj' few and 

second to none ; a four-year course 

becomes obligatory with the opening 

of the coming session of i8g3-'94 ; 

it has its own hospital and dispen- 
sary, as well as the opportunities 

that others offer, and the position of 

resident physician is open to the 

graduates in many of the hospitals 

and other institutions of the city, 

obtainable either by appointment or 

by competitive examination. 

Altogether, this institution has 

excellent grounds for its claim that 

it is undoubtedly the best, the most 

advanced and most thorough medical 



POLYCLINIC AND COLLEGE EOR GRADUATES OF MEDICINE. 





A 



-It 



rf 



-C 1-|-!-1-l 



"fr 



■■'■ HBi nn 






■i-Stl 




COLLRGK OF PHARMACY 



school for women exclusively in the world. The Hahnemann 
Medical College was organized in 1848, under the name of "The 
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania." In i86g it was 
consolidated with a rival school and the name changed to the 
present one. The number of graduates to date number 2,063. 
The new college and hospital buildings cost about half a million 
dollars and are models of efficiency, adequacy and completeness. 
The aim of the school has ever been towards thoroughness in 
medical education, and the conscientious efforts^ of its faculty have 
done much to establish homoeopathy on the basis upon which it 
now rests. 

The youngest of the medical colleges of Philadelphia, the 
Medico-Chirurgical, has been in existence but a few years compara- 
tively, but it is showing by the character of its work its determi- 
nation that that shall be of the best. Having had to contend with 
many prejudices and difficulties, especially in a city where the 
prestige and influence of the other colleges was so long established 
and so marked, it has already proved its right to exist and to 
demand its share of patronage and support. It has an enthusiastic 
faculty, a number of its members being well known bj^ their work 
and writings, and holding important hospital appointments throughout the cit}^. Its buildings are 
specially adapted to the teaching of large classes ; its hospital is commodious, new, and has all the 
modern improvements, and its graduates, though necessarily as yet few in numbers and j'^oung in years, 
have given evidence that they are thoroughly trained and progressive. In the future, as in the past, no 
effort will be spared to make this college the peer in character, reputation and efficiency of any in 
the country. 

It would be strange if, in this medical centre of our continent, there were not some especial 
opportunity for post-graduate study and instruction in the special branches of medicine. This is aptly 
and fully provided for by the Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine, which 
offer facilities that are in certain respects superior to those afforded anywhere else in the world. During 
the past session there have been in attendance a large number of graduates from thirty-five of the medi- 
cal schools of the country, who have enjoyed the personal instruction of a faculty made up of probablj' 
the most noted specialists of the citj', and the practical opportunities afforded by the cases in not one 
but many large hospitals. It is worthy of note in this connection that the Polyclinic and Universit}' 
each publish a monthly medical journal of the highest class under the edito'rial care of the respective 
faculties. 

Brief space remains to mention those educational institutions of the city which have a kinship 
with the science of medicine. Of these, the College of Pharmacj' is perhaps most closely related. 
Organized in 1821, it now has a reputation unsurpassed either here or abroad. Its aim has always been 
high ; the quality of its teaching unsurpassed. Marked features of its curriculum are the courses in 
chemistry, the individual instruction in operative pharmacy and the review quizzes and practical exami- 
nations. Since 1825 the Atnertca7i Journal of Pharmacy has been published under its direction, and the 
new six-stor}' building just erected is the largest in the world devoted solely to giving instruction in 
pharmacy and its allied branches. Since its establishment 12,097 students have been matriculated, of 
whom 3,565 have received the degree of Graduate of Pharmacy. 

As Philadelphia physicians are pre-eminent, so are Philadelphia dentists. There are three dental 
colleges in the city, each connected with one of the medical colleges, viz. : the Department of Dentistrj' 
of the University Avith its Medical Department ; the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery with 
Jefferson ; and the Philadelphia College with the Medico-Chirurgical. This gives opportunit}- to their 
students for excellent instruction iu anatomy, physiology and chemistry, both didactic and practical, 
■X?, well as in therapeutics and pathology. The clinical opportunities of these colleges are unexcelled, 
and there is practically not a dental procedure or operation \x\\\\ which the students are not made 



32 



perfectly familiar. The reputation which Philadelphia graduates of dentistrj- have made in all parts of 
the \\-orld is the best evidence possible of the teaching qualifications of these schools. 

Few realize the dignit^v which the science of ^-eteriuary medicine and surgery has attained within 
recent years, but a little consideration of the financial value of the domestic animals of a large country 
like the United States will serve to indicate its importance. It is with pride, therefore, that the Uni- 
\-ersity of Pennsylvania makes the claim that its Department of Veterinary Medicine 'is the greatest 
school of the kind in the world. A three-year course is obligatory, the requirements are high and the 
course of study includes everything pertaining to the welfare, care, and treatment of man's humblest 
sen-ants and friends. The hospital offers the most extensive and complete accommodations for sick 
anmials to be found in America, and to it 1,825 patients of this class were brought last year, thus 
furnishing the students an abundance of clinical material. A separate and unique hospital for dogs has 
just been erected, and is provided with unsurpassed facilities for the treatment of all small animals. 

In conclusion, the writer would say that while some of the statements herein made may at first 
appear to be extremely boastful, he is confident that sincere investigation will show that they are all 
essentially true and that his opening statement that Philadelphia is in manv respects already the 
medical centre of the world is well-founded. 



Hospitals. 



Bv Seneca Egbert, A.M., M.D. 




t 




A NURSE, PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL. 



In no respect does Philadelphia so completely and nobly exemplify the 
full significance of her name as in the ample and wonderful provision she 
makes for the assistance and relief of those who suffer in any way within 
her bounds. Another pen will describe those of her charities, associated 
and otherwise, which are especially intended for the alleviation of the 
material wants of those who are unfortunate ; but even these cannot 
outshine in splendor and interest the story of her hospitals and kindred 
institutions. Certain it is that no city on this continent, no matter what 
its population may be, and few, if any, abroad can equal her in the 
number and capacity of places for the succor of the sick and wounded, 
where all that abundant wealth and the highest medical and surgical art 
and skill can furnish is at hand and is freely given. 

From the Episcopal Hospital in the northeast, Gemiantown and 
the Jewish in the north, and St. Timothy's in the extreme northwest to 
the Methodist and St. Agnes' in the south, there is no large section of 
the city that has not some institution convenient and easy of access by 
its residents. The subjoined table will show that there are upwards of 
twenty-five general hospitals where persons suffering from maladies or 
injuries of all kinds (excepting, 
of course, certain infectious 
diseases), may be received at 
all times ; while in addition to 
these there are over one-half as 
many kindred institutions for 
the treatment of special affec- 
tions, and at least five separate 
dispensaries where medical and 
surgical advice is free to all 

33 




COaNTRV BRANCH OF THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. 



,N^;*? 








PENNSYI,VANIA HOSPITAL, MEMORIAI, ' PA VHIONS. 

who apply, or who need gratuitous attention at home. The table also gives certain data, as far as they 
could be obtained, which give some idea of the extent of this especial form of charity for one year in this 
cit}', and of the number of its beneficiaries ; though no mere words or figures can begin to measure the 
good that flows from such beneficence, nor even the financial saving to the people in the days of sickness 
abridged and in evils and limbs preserved that otherwise would be lost. Moreover, one must not 
receive the impression that the hospitals are open only to those to whom fortune has been unkind 
in her distribution of material wealth. Though primarily the hospitals are established and endowed for 
this part of our population, the citizens at large are beginning to realize that for any serious illness or 
hazardous surgical operation it is better to be treated in one of the hospitals, for there is ready at 
hand in any emergency every needed remedy or appliance ; there are constantly watchful and skilled 
nurses and attendants ; there the laws of sanitation and ventilation are most closely observed, and 
there the physician or surgeon can most thoroughly employ his skill, unhampered by any of the 
accessories or conventionalities of the private dwelling house. 

Another thing to be noted is that while almost every religious denomination has its own hospital 
and some more than a single one, admission to 
practically every one is without reference to creed, 
color, race, residence or nationality, and many come 
from a distance beyond the city that they may have 
the advice and service of the eminent practitioners 
upon the various staffs. That a proper feeling of 
independence may be preserved and impositions 
prevented, a small daily or weekly fee is expected 
from each ward or in-door patient in most of the 
hospitals, provided he is able to pay it; but this fee 
includes everything — medical attendance, nursing, 
board, etc., — and as long as there is room within 
no one is ever turned away simply for lack of it. Nor 
does this apply to those who are simply dispensary 
patients, or who receive treatment at their own 
homes ; all that service being entirely gratuitous, 




AMBULANCE SHRVrCK. 







RECEIVING WARD, EPISCOPAI, HOSPITAL. 

interest to the world at large. Founded in 
1 75 1, through the especial efforts of Benja- 
min Franklin and Drs. Thomas and Phineas 
Bond, the Pennsylvania Hospital has the 
enviable distinction of being, the oldest 
institution of the kind in America. Since 
that time it has cared for 130,073 in-door 
patients, 93,395 of whom have been poor per- 
sons supported at the expense of the institu- 
tion. What an army, and what a wealth of 
charity and beneficence do those simple figures 
indicate ! Some of the present and still-used 
buildings were erected in 1755, and patients 
first admitted to them in the following year. 
As an indication of the system with which 
this hospital is managed, on the occasion of 
a recent theatre fire eighty-five men and boys 
had their wounds dressed and were put to bed 
or dismissed as out patients within sixty 
minutes. Besides this twenty -two cases were 
dressed from the ambulance at the scene of 
the fire. 7,382 patients were treated in the 
receiving wards last year. In addition to 
the general hospital on Pine Street, and under 



except the purchase of medicines, etc., 
which are furnished at the least possi- 
ble cost. That this dispensary service 
is by no means the least that the 
hospitals render to our people will be 
at once evident by a glance at the 
last two columns of the appended table. 
While it would not be possible 
within the limits of this article to 
give details concerning each of our 
hospitals, of all of which we are justly 
proud, there are certain facts about 
some of them of more than passing 





PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, ADMINISTR.ATION BUILDING. 



the same management is the Department of 
the Insane in West Philadelphia, where, 
in a most beautiful natural park of about 
100 acres and with half a dozen magnifi- 
cent buildings, ever j^ thing possible is 
done for those that suffer with a mind 
diseased. With 600 additional acres in 
Delaware, and within easy access of the 
city, whereon it is proposed to erect in 
the near future buildings for convales- 
cent and other suitable patients, The 
Pennsylvania Hospital will be second to 
none in its opportunities for well-doing, 
and will be able to excel its history of the 
past. 



T/MIVERSITV HOSPITAL. 




RICHARDSON COUNTRY HOUSE, 
PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL, DEVON, PA. 



The Philadelphia City Hospital, or " Blocklej'," 
as it is often called, is the largest hospital in the United 
States, both in the number of beds and of in-door patients 
annualljr cared for, and one of the largest in the world. 
Though unfortunately it is connected with the Alms- 
house, it must not be supposed that all of its patients 
are of the class which that fact might imph". The 
service is as good as can be had, the medical and surgical 
staff are of the highest skill and the results obtained, all 
things considered, will compare most favorabh' with 
those of any hospital. In fact, no one need ever be 
ashamed that fate has made him a recipient of Bleckley's 



One of the earliest denominational hospitals to be established was that of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in 1S52, though St. Joseph's antedates it by a few 5'ears. Located in the distant 
northeastern portion of the city and in the midst of factories, mills, workshops and numerous railways, 
it has alwaj'S found opportune and abundant occasion for the employment of its functions, and right 
nobly has it exercised them. The new Harrison Memorial House, recently opened, adds greatly to its 
efficiency. Other church hospitals that are doing good work in their several localities are the 
Presbyterian, the Methodist Episcopal, and, for the Roman Catholics, St. Joseph's, St. Mary's and 
St. Agnes'. 

The Wills Eye Hospital, established in 1832, and governed by the Board of City Trusts, is 
especially for the relief of the poor, and has a reputation extending over the whole United States. The 
number attending the daily clinics is often astonishing and almost beyond the resources of the present 
buildings. The other special institutions are all doing work that must be personally investigated to be 
appreciated. 

The hospitals connected with each of the citj^'s great medical schools are always crowded, and 
furnish an abundance of clinical material for the instruction of the more than 2,000 medical students 
that attend the latter. The readiness with which patients, not only from the city but from all 
parts of the country, avail themselves of the benefits and opportunities of these hospitals, shows 
that there is no ground for the fear, sometimes expressed, of experimentation by students or inex- 
perienced persons, but that the fame of the teachers and operators is widespread and worthy of 
confidence. As might be expected, these college hospitals are thoroughly equipped with everything 
required by the most advanced medical and surgical science of 
the day. By an arrangement with the United States Govern- 
ment a Marine Department is maintained at the German Hospital 
for the treatment of sick sailors, 612 of whom were received 
last year. 

A feature worthy of note is that several of the hospitals 
have establishments in the country adjacent to the city, whither 
convalescents and certain other patients can be taken during 
the Summer months to enjoy all the additional aids to health 
that are given by sunshine, pure country air and absence from 
cit)^ turmoils and disturbances. Among these the Richardson 
Home of the Presbyterian Hospital and the country branch of 
the Children's Hospital, are models in architecture and equip- 
ment of what such establishments should be. The Home of 
The IMerciful Saviour for Crippled Children has the advantages 
of similar surroundings, though within the cit}^ limits, and 
does much good that is worthy of more than this passing 
notice. The ambulance service of the Philadelphia hospitals 
also deserves mention. With almost everv institution main- 




OLD PHIL.ADKLPHIA DISPENSARY, FIFTH STREET 
BELOW LIBRARY STREET. 



1 



1«* *^ 



« "^ 



TfTSTTri 



'» 'fl. 



'KKi^Slt.^fi^JKJ^ 





HOMB OK MERCII-TL SAVIOUR FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN. 



taining at least one ambu- 
lance, and with the city 
systematically subdivided 
into convenient districts, 
each containing one or 
more hospitals, there is 
scarcely a spot within its 
130 square miles of area 
where a serious accident 
iq^yhappen and competent 
surgical aid not to be at 
hand within a very few 
moments after the call is 
sent in from the nearest patrol box. In addition to this, the city police receive some instruction as to 
how to act in emergencies, and are expected to use their patrol wagons as temporary ambulances in 
transporting the sick or injured to the nearest hospital when occasion demands. 

x\s has been intimated, the dispensaries are of great value in extending the generous work of 
the hospitals. They minister to those whom the exigencies of life forbid to cease from work, to those 
whose maladies are incipient or not dangerous, and, under certain circumstances, to those sick in their 
homes. Most of the general hospitals and some of the special ones have dispensaries connected with 
them, besides which there are a number of independent ones, located in various parts of the city. Of 
these latter, the Philadelphia Dispensary, founded in 1786, is the oldest and largest. 

Lastly, but by no means least in importance, a tribute must be paid to the Nurses' Training 
Schools which are connected . with most of the hospitals. Not only do they open the way to an 
honorable and lucrative vocation for many women, but the benefits and aid which they furnish to the 
sick are no less material and direct. Every physician knows how much the result of a serious case of 
illness depends upon competent attention, careful observance of symptoms and obedience to directions ; 
every patient feels the influence of the firm but gentle touch, the quiet watchfulness and the intelligent 
supervision of the trained nurse. In these schools, from which scores of graduates go out every year, — 
and 3^et with the demand always greater than the supply, — these women are brought into active contact 
with every kind of sickness, every operation, every emergency ; they learn to be cool and efiBcient in 
time of danger, and to know the wherefore of their instructions and their duties. Founded in 1828, 
the School for Nurses of the Lying-in Charity is the oldest in America, and is antedated by but one 
abroad. Of the others, all are so worthy of praise that it would be invidious to mention any. 




A YEAR OF HOSPITAL WORK. 

The items of the accompanying table have been selected as those best calculated to give a true 
idea of the extent of Philadelphia hospital work, and are probably as accurate as it is possible for such 
a compilation to be. The expenses, in most cases, represent the simple cost of maintenance of the 
institution and are exclusive of extra expenditures, investments, etc. The ward cases column shows 
the number of in-door cases treated in the hospitals, as distinguished from the next group, the dispen- 
sary cases, which includes both those who personally applied at the dispensaries and those treated at 
their own homes. The fourth group indicates the number of visits which the dispensary cases made to 
the dispensaries or had made to them at their homes. The figures are for the year 1.892, except where 
otherwise indicated. 



Names of Hospital ok Dispensary. 



Central Hospital, opened March I, 1S93 

Children's Hospital 

Children's Homeopathic Hospital, Sept. i, 1S91, to Sept. i, 1S92 

Church Bispensary 

German Hospital 

Germantown Hospital 

Gynecean Hospital, Nov. I, 1891, to Nov. I, 1892 . , 

Hahnemann Hospital 

Home for Consumptives 

Home for Crippled Children 

Home for Incurables 

Hospital of the Good Shepherd 

Howard Hospital, March I, 1892, to March I, 1893 

Jefferson College Hospital 

Jewish Hospital 

Jewish Maternity Home 

Kensington Hospital for Women, Oct. 12, 1891, to Oct. 12, 1892 

Lying in Charity 

Maternity Hospital 

Medico-Chirurgical Hospital 

Memorial (St. Timothy's) Hospital 

Methodist Episcopal Hospital, May I, 1892, to April I, 1S93 . . . 

Municipal Hospital 

Northern Dispensary 

Orthopaedic Hospital 

Philadelphia Hospital (Blockley) 

Philadelphia Hospital, Insane Department 

Philadelphia Dispensary 

Pennsylvania Hospital (General), May i, 1S92, to May I, 1893 . 

Pennsylvania Hospital, Department Insane 

Polyclinic Hospital 

Presbyterian Hospital 

Preston Retreat 

Protestant Episcopal Hospital 

Rush Hospital for Consumptives, Jan. 2S, 1S92, to Oct. i, 1892 . 

St. Agnes' Hospital 

St. Christopher's Hospital for Children 

St. Clement's Church Hospital . ._. 

St. Joseph's Hospital 

St. Mary's Hospital 

Southeastern Dispensary, August I, i3g2, to May I, 1893 . . . 

Southern Dispensary 

University Hospital 

West Philadelphia Hospital for Women 

Wills' Eye Hospital 

Woman's Hospital 

Woman's Homeopathic Hospital 

Totals, as far as ascertainable 



Expenses. 



Not available. 
$24,027 17 

7,911 03 
2,023 88 
55,434 49 
17,762 93 
18,328 15 
31,869 14 
Not available. 

12.326 33 
Not available. 

3,6,59 15 
8,227 03 

43,433 54 

36,627 21 

5,400 31 

6,197 6g 

15,736 93 

8,663 78 

iS,6S8 09 

6,550 98 

approx., 24,000 00 

15,832 65 

9,702 07 

34,502 21 

•63,867 51 

•44,548 06 

7,351 84 

76,422 22 

222,198 02 

22,589 59 

65,963 31 

No data available. 

102,237 27 

Not available. 

18,567 99 

6,004 68 

5,476 06 

10,682 65 

11,053 97 
Not available. 
Not available. 
78,673 63 
7,514 27 
20,302 99 
32,732 88 
14,448 76 



Ward Cases. 



No wards 

441 

103 

No wards. 

2,543 

453 

125 

1,194 

79 

43 

74 

50 

94 

2,189 

447 

77 

130 

357 

145 

5S5 

150 

299 

480 

No wards. 

39S 

7,764 

1,388 

No wards. 

2,325 

615 

650 

1,217 



Dispensary 
Cases. 



Dispensary Visits. 



1,433 

4,525 

No record. 

2,913 

7,878 

2,064 

265 

15,466 

No dispensary 

No dispensary 

No dispensary 

No dispensary 

6,228 

11,914 

2,861 

J 01 

Newdispens'ry 

490 
No dispensary 
5,537 
424 

1,093 
No dispensary 
14,668 
926 

No dispensary 
No dispensary 

25,957 
10,125 
Included in 
9.9S5 
4,361 



2,194 

32 

1,518 

123 

74 

1,556 

2,54s 

No wards. 

No wards. 

1,348 

115 

760 

824 

383 



23,028 
380 
7,246 
4,007 
4,448 
4,507 

1 7 ,669 
660 
5,495 
7,801 
1,52s 

11,733 
7,366 
2,963 



approx., 4,300 
13,826 

11,473 
10,027 
28,227 
6 962 
1,017 

54,47» 
service, 
service, 
service, 
service. 

23,655 
46,366 
6,324 
No record kept, 
just built. 

837 
service. 

No record kept, 
approx., 3,500 
approx., 3,000 
service. 

29.913 
3,609 
service, 
service. 

No record kept. 
31,106 
above. 

41,930 
14>959 



approx.. 



61,812 

1,500 

37,080 

8,014 

15,367 

No record. 

53,187 

1,445 

No record kept. 

approx., 49,000 

5,233 

approx., 6o,0QO 

28,829 

10,994 



$1,217,5,0 51 



35,895 



228,050 



667,962 



* 1-or subsistence only. 



'■» A 






The Children of Silence. 




Prof. John P. Wai.ker. 



he Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is situated at Mount Airy, a northern 
suburb of the city, ten miles from the City Hall. It consists of four school buildings with 
living apartments attached, a shop building, a boiler house, a gymnasium and a chapel, all of 
grey stone, and each having every modern improvement and known appliance for the especial 
work for which it is designed. They are grouped upon an eminence overlooking a v.'ide 
extent of landscape, and their site of sixty -two acres is one of the most picturesque within 
the city limits. 

The grounds at Mount Airy were purchased in 1890 and the work of construction at 
once begun. The last of the various departments was completed in the Spring of 1892, and 
on the nth of November of that year their doors were thrown open to applicants from every 
part of the State. They are admittedly the most complete and finest in their appointments of any 
structures for the purpose in the world, the united cost of the buildings and grounds having been 
upwards of a million of dollars. In the instruction of pupils both oral and manual methods are 
employed. Every one is given a thorough trialin speech and lip-reading, and all are retained in oral 
work who are found capable of beuig educated by its means. Particular attention is paid to industrial 
training, a thorough knowledge of a trade being given to each while pursuing his course of study. The 
shop building, which is known as the " Morris Industrial Building," a donation from Mr. J. T. Morris, 
represents alone a valuation of seventy-five thousand dollars. Three thousand five hundred pupils have 
been graduated since the institution was opened. There are at present fi\-e hundred under instruction, 
and when every department is in complete running order, there will be accommodations for at least 
seven hundred of the " Children of Silence." 



39 



Our Sightless Ones, 



For many 3'ears the Asylum for the Blind, at Twentieth and Race Streets, has been one of the landmarks 
of our local philanthropy. It is a quaint structure with abundant grounds. The musical recitals given 
at stated times by its inmates have always been of a high order. 

In addition to this valued institution there is located at 3518 Lancaster Avenue, West Phila- 
delphia, The Pennsylvania Working Home for Blind Men, now twenty j^ears old, and is conducted upon 
a strictly business plan, the afflicted inmates being regularly and happily employed in workshops at 
trades suited to their infirmity, and paying a low rate of board from their wages. There are over two 
hundred inmates. A Board of Managers, composed of prominent citizens, with Caleb J. Milne as 
President; E. P. Borden and A. C. Fergusson, Vice-Presidents, control the Home. Mr. H. 1,. Hall is 
the Manager. 

A collateral charity in this field is the Society for providing evangelical religious literature for 
the Blind, which is largely composed of clergynun of the several Protestant denominations. Through 
this means much A-aluable teaching has been accomplished by the use of raised type by the blind in all 
parts of the country. 



The Citizens' Permanent Relief Commitee 

of Philadelphia. 




By Robert M. McWade, City Editor Fuhlic Ltdger. 



Under this name there exists in Philadelphia an organization which has no duplicate in its 
objects and achievements in any other city of the world. It was instituted almost 
immediately after the Irish famine of 1879 b}' a number of citizens of whom the writer 
was one. It is composed of such men as John H. Converse, Charles J. Harrah, 
Simon Muir, Rudolph Blankenburg, John Y. Huber, Francis B. Reeves, Robert C. 
Ogden, Dr. E. O. Shakespeare (the eminent bacteriologist). Dr. M. S. French and Thomas 
Dolan. The Mayor of the city is President and Robert M. McWade permanent Vice-President. 
Its objects are the relief of all cities or communities at a distance that may be attacked hj fire, 
flood, pestilence or other similar calamity. In its time it has raised and expended upwards of 
5,000,000, which it has distributed among grateful and appreciative sufferers. It has done 
most excellent service during all j'-ellow fever outbreaks in the South, the floods in the Missis- 
sippi River and Conemaugh A'alley ; in the fires that have devastated whole communities in 
our own State and the far West, and in typhoid and small-pox epidemics at home and in other 
States. It has also performed meritorious work in organizing hospitals with fully equipped 
U medical and surgical staffs, trained nurses and all the appliances needed to combat those 
terrible epidemics. Its members invariablj^ visit the scenes of all epidemics and make their 
reports to the Mayor, the public and their Association from personal observation. Self-den jang and 
with no desire for praise, they perform the full measure of their self-imposed duties toward humanity. 
The last public work in which they were engaged was the transmission to Russia of two ocean 
steamships fully laden with flour and clothing for the relief of the starving peasantry of that nation, 
and during the past Winter the}' supervised the work of relief of the numerous deserving poor of Phila- 
delphia. In these, as other instances, individual members of the committee personally supervised the 
distribution of food and clothing, and, as usual, defrayed their own expenses. Surely Philadelphia 
stands to-day pre-eminent among the cities of the nations in large-hearted and practical charit)' as 
typified in this noble organization. 

40 



^sr%5> 




GERMAN HOSPITAL. 




MARY J, DREXEI. HOME AND MOTHERHOUSE OF DEACONESSES. 



Benevolent, Charitable and Humane Institutions 
of Pliiladelphia not otherwise mentioned. 



American Anti-ViTisection Society, 1701 Cliestuut Street. 

Baptist Home, 17th and Norris Streets. 

B iptist Orphanage, Angora Station. 

Bedford Street Mission, 619 and 621 Alaska Street. 

Bethesda Children's Christian Home, Chestnut Hill. 

Board of Missions of the Diocese of Pennsylvania, 1104 
Walnut Street. 

Bureau of Charities, 42 North Seventh Street. 

Bethany Day Nursery, 2112 Bainbridge Street. 

Butd Orphan Asylum, 63d and Market Streets. 

Butler Memorial Home, Haines Street, Germantown. 

Central Diet Kitchen, 411 Spruce Street. 

Central Soup Society-, 813 Arch Street. 

Children's Aid Society, 127 South Twelfth Street. 

Children's Countrj' Week Association, 1414 Arch Street. 

Christ Church Home, 4Sth Street and Belmont Avenue. 

Church Home for Children, Angora Station. 

Church Home for Seamen, Swanson and Catherine St. 

Educational Home, Forty-ninth Street and Greenway 
Avenue. 

Forrest Home for Actors, Holmesburg. 

Foster Home Association, T\vent3--fourth and Poplar Sts. 

Franklin Reformatory Home, 911-915 Locust Street. 

French Benevolent Society iiS South Delaware Avenue. 

Friend's Home for Children, 401 1 Aspen Street. 

Fuel Savings Society, 252 North Broad Street. 

George Nugent Home for Baptists, Johnston St., Gtn 

Gorgas Home for Women, Roxborough. 

Harrison Day Nurser}-, 1S26 Federal Street. 

Hayes Mechanics' Home, 4Sth St. and Belmont Ave. 

Home for the Aged, 1S09 Mt. Vernon Slreet. 

Home for Aged Couples, 1723 Francis Street. 

Home for Aged Couples of the Presb. Ch., 65th and Vine. 

Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Persons, Belmont and 

Girard Avenues. 
Home for Convalescents, 35 North Fortieth Street. 
Home for the Homeless, 70S Lombard Street. 
Home for Infants, 461S Westminster Avenue. . 
Home for Orphans of Odd Fellows, Tioga. 
Home Teaching for the Adult Blind, 701 Walnut Strec 
House of Mercy, 411 Spruce Street. 
House of Rest for the Aged, Wayne Avenue, Gtn 
House of Industry, 112 North Seventh Street. 
Howard Institution, 1612 Poplar Street. 
Home for F. and A. Masons, 3333-3337 North Broad St. 
Indigent Widows and Single Women's Society, 3615 

Chestnut Street. 
Jane D. Kent Nursery, 302 North Sixteenth Street. 
Kensington Day Nurseri , n6 Diamond Street. 
Law and Order Society, 609 Walnut Street. 
Lincoln Institution, 324 South Eleventh Street. 
Lombard Day Nurscr\-, 22 iS Lombard Street. 
Magdalen Society, 213 North Twenty -first Street. 
Mercantile Beneficial Asso., 1707 Spring Garden St. 
Merchant's Fund, 400 Chestnut Street. 

NOTE. — This list has been compiled from the City Mission Directory, 411 Spruce Street. 
Omitted from First Edition.— Bethesda Mission, Eighth and Vine Streets. 

Grandom Institution, a trust founded by Hugh Grandom, for the sale of fuel at half price to the deserving poor. 



Midnight Mission, 919 Locust Street. 

Mission for Colored People, Eighth and Bainbridge Sts. 

Morris Refuge Asso. for Animals, 1242 Lombard ,St. 

Mutual Aid Asso. of County Med. Society, iSiS Chestnut. 

Mary A. Drexel Home, Girard and Corinthian Avenues. 

Methodist Home, Thirteenth Street and Lehigh Avenue. 

Methodist Orphanage, Ford and Monumental Avenues. 

Methodist Episcopal City Missions, loiS Arch Street. 

Northern Da3^ Nursery, looS North Fifth Street. 

Northern Employment Association, 702 Green Street. 

Odd Fellows' Home, Seventeenth and Tioga Streets. 

Old Ladies' Home, Wissinoming. 

Old Man's Home, Thirty-ninth Street and Powelton Ave. 

Orphan Society, Sixty-fourth Street, and Haverford Ave. 

Penn Asylum for Indigent Widows and Single Women, 
Belgrade Street, above Susquehanna Avenue. 

Northeast Diet Kitchen, 134S Mascher Street. 

Northwest Diet Kitchen, 2039 Summer Street. 

Penna. Industrial Home for Blind Women, Powelton Ave. 

Pennsylvania Institution ftr Instruction of the Blind, 
Twentieth and Race Streets. 

Pennsylvania Prison Society, 1705 Chestnut Street. 

Penna. Retreat for Blind Mutes, Aged and Infirm, 3524 

Lancaster Ave. 
Pennsylvania Seamen's Friend Soc, 422 South Front St. 
Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Crueltv to 

Animals, 1627 Chestnut Street. 
Pennsylvania Society to Protect Children from Cruelty, 

217 South Brond Street. 
Philadelphia Fountain Society, 13 Bank Street. 
Phila. Soc. for Organizing Charity, 1705 Chestnut St. 
Presbyterian Home for Widows and Single Women, jSth 

Street and Greenway Avenue. 
Presbj-terian Orphanage, 5Sth St. and Kingsessing Ave. 
Rosine Home, 3216 Germantown Avenue. 
Sheltering Arms, 717 Franklin Street. 
Southeast Diet Kitchen, 3719 South Ninth Street. 
Southwest Diet Kitchen, 76S South Ninteenth Street. 
Southern Home for Dest. Children, 12th and Fitzwater Sts. 
Sunda}- Breakfast Association, Broad above Race Streets. 
St. James' Industrial School, 24th and Walnut Sts. 
St. Luke's Home, 1315-1317 Pine Street. 
St. Mark's Home, 1428 Lombard Street. 
St. Peter's House, Front and Pine Streets. 
Society for the Adv. of Christianity, 217 South Third St. 
Temporary Home Association, 505 North Sixth Street. 
Union Benevolent Association, xi8 South Seventh Street. 
Union Home for Old Ladies, Lancaster-aud Girard Ave's. 
Union Temporary Home for Children, 127 South 12th St. 
Visiting Nurse Societ}-, 1203 Race Street. 
Western Da}^ Nursery, 35 North Fortieth Street. 
Western Temporary Home, 35 North Fortietli Street. 
West Philadelphia Diet Kitchen, 35 North Fortieth Street. 
Western Soup Society, 1615 South Steet 
Willing Day Nursery, 427 Pine Street. 



The Mary J. Drexel Home 

^"«> riotherhouse of Deaconesses. 




Immediately opposite the grounds of Girard College, in the Twenty- 
Ninth Ward, are located the German Hospital and the beautiful 
structure bearing the above name. The German Hospital has been 
numbered for many years among our most effective and benificent 
charities. From 1869 to the present time its president has been 
Mr. John D. Lankenau. This gentleman, born in Bremen in 
1817, made Philadelphia his home in 1836, and has, during many 
years, by liberal expenditures, largely increased the capacity for 
usefulness of the institution of which he is the head. 

The German Hospital is an institution for suffering humanity, 
/Irrespective of nationalit}-, creed or color, founded and conducted by 
Germans and their descendants. Originally located at Twentieth and 
Norris Streets, and conducted during the Civil War as a military 
hospital, under government control, it was removed to the present 
site at Corinthian and Girard Avenues, in 1872, and has developed into 
one of the greatest charities for which this open-handed city is famed. 
oBERi.N- WANDA VON oERTZEN lu i884the good Oberlu Maria Kriiger recommended the establish- 

ment of a Deaconess Home, in connection with the hospital, to Mr. 
Lankenau, and he determined to build such a structure as would not only be of great value to humanity 
but also stand as a lasting monument to his deceased wife, whose maiden name it bears. The corner- 
stone was laid in 1886, and the building consecrated in 1888. It is located west of the hospital, and 
is a strikingly handsome edifice. The first little party of Deaconesses had arrived from Germany in 
1884, under the auspices of Mr. Charles H. Meyer, the German Consul at this port, for duty at the 
German .Hospital. 

Some reference to the origin and growth of this organization of devoted women will doubtless 
interest the reader. Pastor Theodore Fliedner, born at Nassau, German)-, in the first month of the 
present century, founded in the year 1S36, at Kaiserswerth, on the Rhine, the first Motherhouse 
of Deaconesses, whose destined work was to be among hospitals, on the battlefields, in the care 
of the poor, to conduct kindergartens, and the extension of help to needy and suffering humanitj'. In 
1864, at the time of the death of the founder of the order, it had extended its operations to all parts 
of the civilized world. Homes for Deaconess' work had been located in twenty-eight hundred com- 
munities. At the parent establishment, eight hundred and fifty-six of the Sisters were in service, 
and the diocese contained sixty-three establishments, having nine hundred Sisters. 

The Sisterhood at the Mary J. Drexel Home now numbers forty-five. Their especial work is at 
the German Hospital and in the Old People's Home, the Children's Hospital, and School for Girls, 
all beneath the roof of the Motherhouse of Deaconesses. In addition they are engaged at the Caj'uga 
Street Children's Home, in Germantown ; at the Hospital in Easton, Pa., and also in the Old Men's 
Home, at Allegheny Citj', Pa. 

Oberin Wanda Von Oertzen, whose picture adorns the head of this page, succeeded, after 
the death of Maria Kriiger, in May, 1888, and still continues at the head of both institutions. 

The officers of The Mary J. Drexel Home and Motherhouse of Deaconesses are John D. Lank- 
enau, President ; Charles H. Meyer, Vice-President ; Rev. H. Grahn, Secretary ; Charles A. Woerwag, 
Treasurer. The Board of Trustees consists of nine members. 

The officers of the German Hospital are John D. Lankenau, President; M. Richards Muckle, 
Vice-President ; Rev. F. Wischan, Secretary ; Charles A. Woerwag, Treasurer ; Joseph G. Rosen- 
garten. Solicitor. There are also sixteen trustees, a medical board, and a corps of phj'sicians. 



44 




//v>/-xy'-^ r -'n -pu/m- 



Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. 

Among the many institutions of Philadelphia which have made our city pre-eminent in facilities for 
the study of medicine and surger}^ this college occupies a distinct field of usefulness. It is not only 
one of the oldest colleges devoted purely to dentistry in the United States, having attained its thirty- 
eighth year, but the largest in the number of its attendant students. Its main building, located at 
Eleventh and Clinton Streets, below Spruce, is a plain but thoroughljr well-adapted structure, of three 
floors ; to this is added an annex, not seen in the illustration, in v.'hich are located the lecture rooms 
and dissecting department. In the main building are laboratories, faculty room, a museum, class and 
operating rooms. The location is but two blocks from the Pennsj'lvania Hospital, and the same 
distance from the Jefferson College, and students of dental surger}' engaged in study here are admitted 
to the clinics of both of those great and time-honored institutions. 

The list of students includes both sexes. The course of study covers three years, divided into 
Spring, Fall and Winter sessions The scheme of instruction, as maintained at this college, includes 
a thorough anatomical course, numerous lectures upon Descripti\'e and Surgical Anatomy being a 
feature of this department. Dental Phj'siology, Dental Pathology, Operative Dentistry, Materia 
Medica, Therapeutics, Chemistry, jSIetallurgy, Physiology, and General Pathologv are included in the 

curriculum. 

CORPORATORS. 



I. MINIS n.4.YS, M.D., President. 

JOSEPH PETTrr, M.D.. D.D S., Sec'y. 
G. R. MORFHOUSE, W.D., Treasurer. 
J. D. WHITE, M.D., D.D.S. 



MORRIS PEROT, Esq 
Hon. S.WIUEL GUSTINE THOMPSON 
JOHN H. BRtNTON. M D 
W. W. KEEN, M.D 



WM. H. TRUEMAN, D.D.S. 

EMLEN HUTCHINSON Esq. 
W. .VTLEE BURPEE, Esq. 



FACULTY. 

J. e;\VING ME.'^RS, .\.M., M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. 

C. N. PEIRCE, D.DS , Professor of Dental Physiology, Dental Pathology iud Operative Dentistry. 

WILBUR F. LITCH, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Prosthetic Dentistry, Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

HENRY LEFFMANN, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Chemistry and Metallurgy. 

ALBERT P. BRUBAKER, M.D., D.D.S., Professor of Physiology and General Pathology. 

In addition to the Faculty, there are forty Auxiliar\^ Instructors, including Demonstrators, 
Assistant Demonstrators, Clinical Instructors and Clinical Assistants. 



45 



The Churches and Sunday Schools of Philadelphia. 



By J. E. DE La MoTTA, Public Ledger. 




OLD SWEDES CHURCH. 



There can be little doubt that, comparatively 
1- speaking, Philadelphia has a larger number of 
! churches than any other city,, and it is a well- 
known fact not to be disputed that the religious 
character of the people, their devotion and the 
attendance on the services of the church, far 
exceeds that of any other city. Philadelphia is 
noted for the large number of her Sunday Schools 
and Sunday School scholais, IMng in that respect 
far ahead of other cities, and it is in the Sunda}^ 
School that the children are trained to lead good 
and useful lives. The religious character of the 
people of the Cit\' of Brotherly Love may be 
attributed to a number of causes, one of the 
principal, probably, being the large Quaker 
element. Another reason \wa.Y be the fact that 
Philadelphia is emphatically the city of homes, 
and there is every incentive for the encourage- 
ment of the domestic relation. Taverns and 
places of amusement are not kept open on Sunday, as is the case in so many Western cities, and those 
who might be inclined to frequent them are thus led to places of worship. It is becoming ever}^ j'ear 
more and more rare for churches to be closed during the Summer. When repairs are being made in 
one portion of the building services are held in another part of the same. 

It is often said to the discredit of Philadelphia that we have no \^ry distinguished preachers and 
no very distinguished churches, while the fact is that the average church in Philadelphia is large and 
distinguished, and, on the other hand, the average church in other large cities is weak and declining. 
This is simpty saying that the church life of Philadelphia corresponds with the general business and 
social life which is of a widespread prosperity' and of universal homes. There are 300 churches in 
Philadelphia which any minister might be proud to preside over, and in which any member might find 
a happy, religious home ; in other large cities these hundreds must be reduced to scores. Another 
peculiarity of church life in Philadelphia is that, while loyal to its own denomination, it is devoid of 
sectarianism ; the original spirit of William Penn has rendered bigotrs', narrowness and sectarian 
jealous}- impossible in the City of Brother!}' Love. There is no city in the world where the average 
church member is so generally identified with some philanthropic and benevolent institution or object. 
A man or woman in any church in Philadelphia who has not some pet scheme of charity, some 
orphanage, or home, or refuge, or asylum to which he or she de\'otes time, thought or money, is a rare 
exception. 

Of the 600 churches in Philadelphia there are 400 connected with denominations that favor 
Christian Endeavor. In these churches there are 232 Christian Endeavor Societies, and of this number 
215 have joined the Philadelphia Union. There are, in addition, 67 junior societies. The societies 
number about 13,000 members. The Christian Endeavor movement was inaugurated over eleven years 
ago, and the first society was started in this city in the Gaston Presbyterian Church about eight years 
ago. The Philadelphia Union, which was organized April 9, 1888, with 15 societies, is the largest 
local union in theworld. Its gi'owth has been so rapid as to necessitate its division into branches known 
as Germantown, Northeast, Northwest and West Philadelphia. The local union holds three meetings 



46 



each 3-ear, and the Executive Committee, composed of the Presidents and Secretaries of the different 
societies, meets monthly. These meetings have an average attendance of 500. 

One of the interesting features of religious work in Philadelphia, which is equalled in very few 
cities in the United States, is the Union Teachers' Study of the International Sunday School Lessons in 
Association Hall. This Bible Class of 700 superintendents and teachers has fully maintained its 
popularity. Sunday School workers, not only from this city but from the surrounding towns, go every 
Saturday afternoon to Association Hall to obtain aid in preparation for their Sabbath work. 

Philadelphia has a larger number of ^Methodists than any other city. This sect maintains 95 
churches within the city limits, having a membership of about 30,000. The Philadelphia Conference 
embraces 359 churches. This was the first conference of ministers organized on this continent, six 
clergymen having met for that purpose in St. George's Cliitrch in 1773. The great Methodist book 
concern originated here, as well as the first missionary society. 

Among the chief glories of Philadelphia are her historic churches still used as regular places of 
worship, and often visited by strangers temporarily sojourning among us. In a grove of stately old 
trees upon the banks of the Delaware in the southern part of the city stands the ancient Episcopal 
Church of the Gloria Dei, more familiarly known as the Old Swedes. 

Its history is perhaps more interesting and e\-entful than that of any other church edifice in this 
countn.-, and it stands to-day in a perfect state of preservation upon the original site. More than a half a 
centurj' before William Penn arrived at New Castle, on the Delaware, Gustavus x\dolphus, of Sweden, 
thought of sending a colony of settlers to this country. He was unable to earn' out his desire, owing to 
thestormv condition of affairs during his reign ; but in 1636 his daughter, Queen Christina, sent the first 
little band of Swedish colonists, who settled in the village of Wicaco, which at present forms a part of 
this city. In 1677 the colonists formed a parish and erected a rude church constructed of logs, which 
was dedicated on Trinity Sunday of the same year. The church was known as the " Block House," as 
it also served as a fort to defend the settlers from attacks by the Indians, of whom it is recorded, howe\-er, 
that they generally were friendly and obliging, owing to the kind treatment the}' received. The old 
building stood until 1700, when it was torn down, and the present structure of brick was erected in its 
place, and dedicated on the first Sanday after Trinit5^ Services were conducted in the Swedish language 
until 1S18. 

Old Christ Church is located upon Second Street above ^Market, in what was once the fashionable 
quarter of the city, but which has for generations been devoted almost entirel}' to purposes of traffic. 
The church, which was one of the most notable structures in the colonies, was completed in 1744, the 
steeple, however, being finished seven years later. This church was the place of worship of George 
Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and many other personages of great distinction. 

In the semicircle of villages which developed about the parent settlement upon the Delaware, 
and which are now included within the city limits, are many quaint early churches still well presen-ed. 
One of the finest of these is the Trinity, at Oxford, in Trinity Parish. The grandeur of design and 
extent of many of our modem churches forbid especial mention. Numbers of up-town churches 
conform in interior arrangement to the usual plan of the theatrical auditorium. The most notable and 
novel edifice of worship erected within recent years is probably the temple of Grace Baptist Church , 
at the corner of Broad and Berks Streets which employs many striking features of decoration and 
furnishing. 

The most recent statistics obtainable, credit Philadelphia with 616 Sunday Schools, in which 
178,865 j'ouths and children are instructed by 16,937 teachers. These being the largest figures given 
for any American city, and in regard to the proportion of percentage of attendance to the whole 
population being excelled only by the cities of Washington, D. C, Rochester, N. Y., Newark, N. J., 
Minneapolis, Minn., and Baltimore, Md. The Philadelphia Baptists also outrank, nuriierically, any 
other community, having 76 churches, with a membership of 25,000; and the great building of the 
American Baptist Publication Society is located on Chestnut Street. 

The stranger sojourning in Philadelphia over Sunday, and desirous of attending ser\'ice, will 
find a welcome at any sanctuary he ma}' choose to visit morning or evening. 



47 




GRACR BAPTIST TEMPLE. 



TEMPLE COLLEGE. 



The Temple College 



By Rev. Russell H. Coxwell, President. 



James M. Lingle, Business Manager. 



Dr. Frank Lamb.\dkr, Dean. 



This energetic institution 1ms an Evening Department for the instruction of workingmen and 
working%vomen, and also Day and Afternoon Departments for all grades of scholars. 

The Evening Department represents "the Temple College idea" of educating workingmen 
and workingwomen, on a benevolent basis, at an expense to the students just sufficient to 
enhance their appreciation of the advantages of the institution. Benevolence was the motive 
when ' ' the Temple College idea ' ' was conceived, and from its foundation to its present fame 
every step has been governed by this one central idea. 

The number of students attending during the year 1893 — 1^94 i^ about 3,000. The faculty 
consists of forty members. 

The Courses of Instruction include the following : the Kindergarten, the Intermediate, the 
Ivlementary English, the Business, the College Preparatory, the Full College, the Professional, 
the Theological, the Art, the Music, the Nurse Training, Calisthenics, and the Cooking Course. 

In 1889, the Court granted the institution a regular charter, with all the rights and 
privileges of all other colleges. There are two vigorous Literary Societies connected with the 
College. Many of the former students are now pursuing higher college and professional studies in 
older institutions, and many liave gone direct from this College to prominent positions in business 
and professional life. 

The present location, in two large buildings, 1831-1833 Park Avenue, will be exchanged 
for the stately and commodious new college building located on Broad Street below Berks, which 
will be dedicated on Thursday, May 3, 1894. 

With the acquisition of these new facilities, new departments of instruction will be intro- 
duced. One new feature will be a complete system of private instruction in all branches, on 
the most approved methods. 

All the achievements of the past, and all the prospect of future success, have grown from 
an humble but earnest effort begun in 1887, to instruct a few young men struggling under finan- 
cial difficulties, to secure an education for the Christian ministry. 

In the promotion of the interests of this institution the President is abh' assisted by Mr. 
James M. Lingle, Business Manager, and Dr. Frank Lambader, Dean. 

Grace Temple (Baptist), of which the President is pastor, adjoins the College building, and 
is much visited by strangers in the city. 



The Academy of Fine Arts. 



By Milton Bancroft. 




Thk Academv of Fink Arts. 



The Pennsylvania Academy ol 
Fine Arts is the oldest art insti- 
tution in America. It was 
founded in 1805 and chartered 
the next year. The germ from 
which it sprang had its existence 
in 1 79 1, when Chas. Wilson Peale 
attempted to organize in Piiila- 
delphia a school for the fine arts. 
The scheme, although supported 
by Ceracchi, the Italian sculptor, 
then in this country, William 
Rush, and other artists, was not 
successful, but out of it came in 
1794, the Columbianum, and in 
that year was held in Indepen- 
dence Hall, by the association, 
the first public exhibition of 
paintings in this city. 

The Columbianum continued 
a tentative kind of existence for 



several years, and Peak's interest in a school or academy, to advance the interests of the fine arts, 
never abated, therefore, when a number of public minded citizens of Philadelphia, the majority of 
whom were lawyers, determined that the time for making a pronounced effort toward this end had 
arrived it was to Mr. Peale they turned, and it was in his room in the old State House that the 
formative meeting was held, as were the director's meetings for many years after. 

The Academy was incorporated March 28th, 1806, with George Clymer, one of the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence, as first President. 

He held the position for eight years, and was followed by Judge Joseph Hopkinson, 1813- 
1842; Joseph Dugan, 1 842-1 845 ; Edward L. Carey, 1845; Joseph R. IngersoU, 1846-1852 ; Henry 
D. Gilpin, 1852-1859 ; Caleb Cope, 1859-1871 ; James L,. Claghorn, 1872-1884; George G. Pepper, 
1884-1890. 

The works of art belonging to the Academy have been slowly accumulating one by one 
during the eighty-seven years of its existence, the only exceptions being the Carey and Temple 
collections. 

The Carey collection was formed by the fourth President of the Academy, one of the first 
patrons of art in this country. His sister had married Chas. Robt. Leslie, R. A., and through 
his aid Mr. Carey obtained the desirable examples of the British school owned by the institution. 
Mr. Carey was always the patron of American art and artists, as shown by the other works in 
his collection. 

The Temple collection is the result of a foundation by Mr. Joseph E. Temple in 1880, and 
and now numbers thirty-two pictures to which will be added, from time to time, desirable paint- 
ings by American artists from the annual exhibitions of the Academy. 

In the future the Academy will receive, under the will of the late Vice-President, Mr. 
Henry G. Gibson, his notable collection of one hundred choice works of the best known artists, 



49 




txti:kior, academy of fine arts. 

and which, with the present collection, will place the galleries of the Academy second to none in 
the countr}'. 

Since the foundation of the Academy its co'lections of casts from the antique and other 
works of art, have been used for study by the artists and art students of the city. 

Classes for the study of the living model were also conducted from time to time, without 
regular instruction until 1868; while, during the same period, lectures on anatomj' were given for 
the benefit of the students. 

In 1868, a regular school organization was inaugurated, with Mr. Christian Schussele as 
teacher of drawing and painting, and Dr. A. R. Thomas as lecturer on anatomy. 

From that time the organization has been continued. Mr. Schussele has been succeeded by 
.several instructors, many of them prominent in the art world, such as Thos. Eakins and Thos. 
Hovenden. 

At present it has in its teaching corps Mr. Robt. W. Vonnoh, Mr. Henry Thouron, Mr. 
Carl Newman, Mr. Henry R. Poore, Mr. Chas. Grafly, Mr. Will S. Robinson and Dr. McClellan. 
It has a regularly organized faculty, and the work is becoming systematized and developed far 
beyond the original plan. 

The special purpose of the school has always been to afford facilities and instruction of the 
highest order to students who intend to make painting or sculpture their profession. No advantages 
but those of pure art education are offered, work comprising study in black and white from the 
antique casts ; lectures in perspective, composition and anatomy, combined with practical work in 
each of the subjects ; color study from still life ; elementary modeling from the cast ; and study from 
living model, nude and draped, in black and white, in color, and in clay modeling. 

The instruction is of the most advanced character, and is conducted by means of lectures 
and criticisms. 



50 



The Drexel Institute. 



Bv James MacAlister, X,L.D. 



'/•^ 





The Drexel Institute, founded by Anthony J. Drexel, for 
the promotion of education in art, science and industr}', 
was opened on December 17, iSgi. The chief object of 
tlie Institute is the extension and improvement of 
industrial education as a means of opening better and 
Avider avenues of employment to young men and women. 
It is the founder's desire, however, that tha plan of 
organization should be comprehensive, providing liberal 
means of culture for the masses through the instru- 
mentalit\^ of lectures, evening classes, a library and a 
museum . '- 

The Institute is situated on Chestnut Street, corner 
of ThirtA'-second, at a point where many horsa railways 
converge, within easv distance of the Powelton Avenue 
and the South Street stations of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, and but three squares from the station of the 
Baltimoi'e and Ohio Railroad. 

The building, constructed of light buff brick with 
terra-cotta ornamentation, measures, on the ground plan, 
200 b)^ 200 feet, and is four stories in height. The 
principal entrance is on Chestnut Street, 'by a richly 
decorated portal, 26 feet wide and 35 feet high, which 
leads through a portico to a spacious entrance hall, the 
ceiling of which is supported by pillars of red Georgian 
marble. Beyond this is the grand central court, 65 feet 
square and the entire height of the building ; the ceiling 

being a skylight of stained glass. At the farther end of the court is the great marble stairway, leading 

to the upper floors and to the basement. Broad galleries surround the central court and give access 

to the various class-rooms, laboratories and 

studios 0:1 the upper floors. On the first floor 

are the library, the reading room, the museum, 

the lecture hall and the auditorium. The lecture 

hall has chairs for 300 students. The audi- 
torium, which has a separate entrance on 

Thirty-second Street, is a spacious and finely 

equipped hall capable of seating 1500 persons. 

It is furnished with upholstered arm-chairs. 

At the eastern end is a fine organ enclosed in a 

beautifully decorated screen in the style of the 

Italian Renaissance. 

Forty class-rooms, studios and work- 
shops occupy the second, third and fourth 

floors and the basement, the workshops being 

situated in the basement, and the physical 

laboratories and a g}'ninasiuin on the second, 



CrRAND CENTRAL COORT. 



PRINrCIPAI< PORTAL. 





MECHANICAL SCHOOL ROOM. 



third and fourth floors. The two terms of the year begin 
respectively September 15th and February ist. The evening 
classes begin in October and continue until the end of March. 
Instruction is given in drawing, designing, modeling in clay, 
wood-carving, mathematics, physics, chemistry, applied 
electricity, wood and iron working, cookery, millinery, dress- 
making, stenography and type-writing, book-keeping, physical 
culture, and choral music. 

The library- and reading room are open not only to 
students, but also to the general public, daily, except Sunday, 
from 9 A. M. to 6 p. M., and during the Winter months from 7 
to 10 P. M. The museum is open to the public on the same 

days and at the same hours as the library. It already includes a large collection of wood and metal 

work, ceramics, embroideries and textiles given by Mr. Drexel, the founder of the Institute. Valuable 

and important gifts have been made to the collection by George W. Childs, the late Mrs. James W. 

Paul, Jr., James W. Paul, Jr., the family of the late Lieutenant Allan G. Paul, U. S. N., Dr. Edward 

H. Williams and Thomas E. Kirby. 

The auditorium is in use throughout the season of instruction for popular and classic concerts, 

lectures, educational assemblages and many like events to which the public is admitted either free or 

upon the payment of a small sum. 

The following departments have been established : 

I. The Art Department includes courses in iine arts, drawing, water color, painting in oils, 
modeling, courses in applied art, design, architectural drawing, vrood-carving, stained glass. 

II. The Scientific Department : Courses in physics, chemistr}^ anatomy and phj'siology, 
hygiene and sanitation. 

III. Department of Mech.a.nic Arts : A systematic course of three years in English, 
mathematics, mechanical and free hand drawing, physics, chemistry mechanics, shop work in wood 
and iron. 

IV. Department of Domestic Science ; A systematic two years' course in English, mathe- 
matics, drawing, science, household economy and allied branches. 

V. Department of Domestic Economy : Courses in cookery, house-keeping, millinery, 
and dress-making. 

VI. Technical Department : Courses in steam engineering, applied electricity, machine 
construction. 

VII. Business Department : Courses in book-keeping, accounts, and in stenography and 
type-writing. 

VIII. Department of Physical Training. 

IX. Normal Department for the training of special teachers of art, manual training, physical 
culture, cookery. 

X. Department of Evening Glasses and Lectures. 

XI. Library Department, connected with which there is a class for the training of librarians. 

XII. The Museum. 




COOKING SCHOOL ROOM. 







a 
w 

w 
« 

H 
W 



The Pennsylvania Museum and School 
of Industrial Art. 



Bv L. W.. Miller, Principal. 




The Pennsylvania 
Museum and School 
of Industrial Art 
was incorporated on 
the twenty -sixth day 
of February, 1876, 
for the purpose, as 
stated in its charter, 
of establishing ' ' for 
the State of Penn- 
sylvania, in the City 
of Philadelphia, a 
Museum of Art in 
all its branches and 
and technical appli- 
cations, and with a 
special view to the 
development of the 
Art Industries of the 
State, to pro^ade 
instruction in Draw- 
ing. Painting, 

Modeling, Designing, etc., through practical schools, special libraries, lectures and otherwise." The 
purpose of the institution as thus defined is distinctly industrial. The collections at Memorial Hall, 
where the museum is located, embrace examples of art work of every description ; but as the city 
already possessed, in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, an institution devoted to the advance- 
ment of the Fine Arts, it was determined by the founders to make the collections of the Pennsylvania 
Museum as largely as possible illustrative of the application of art to industry, and the instruction in 
the School has constant reference to a similar purpose. The institution owes its origin to the increased 
interest in Art and Art Education awakened by the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. The valuable 
collection of fabrics, metals, glassware, curios and other interesting objects arranged in Memorial Hall 
is open to the pt^blic, free of charge, every day in the week, including Sundays, and is one of the popu- 
lar places to which residents conduct friends visiting the city. 

The School is located at the N. W. Corner of Broad and Pine Streets. An ample staff of 
professors of distinction and of instructors is engaged in the service of the School. The number of 
pupils registered in 1S93 was 404. Both daj' and night classes are maintained. Great importance is 
attached to the practical application of the principles taught. No school in America is so thorough 
as this in its devotion to the idea that to be effectual the instruction must be based upon a study of 
the actual requirements of the industries to which art is to be applied. 

The School comprises the following departments : Drawing, Decorative Painting, including 
Fresco Painting; Decorative Sculpture, Wood Work and Carving, Metal Work, Applied Design, 
Architectural Design, Textile Design and Manufacture, Chemistry, Dyeing and Modern Eanguages. 



SCHOOL BUILDING AT BROAD AND PINE STREETS. 



54 



Philadelphia School of Design for Women. 




By EMII.Y Sartain, Principal. 

Founded in 1S44, the "Philadel- 
phia School of Design for Women ' ' 
is the oldest and most complete 
School of Applied Art in the United 
States. Incorporated in i853,it\vas 
first housed on its own premises in 
1863, at Broad and Filbert Streets, 
and on the absorption of that site 
into the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Station, the directors bought the 
Forrest Mansion, at the southwest 
corner of Broad and Master Streets. 
To the 100 feet of frontage on 
Broad Street was added a three- 
storied range of studios, running 
westward 200 feet on Master Street, 
with a return southward of 90 feet 
on Carlisle Street in the rear, 
enclosing three sides of a large 
grassy quadrangle. A large 
collection of casts from the antique, 
and from the sculpture of the Italian renaissance, and a library add to the efficiency of the instruction. 
The initial work of the school in teaching designing for carpets, curtains, wall-paper, oil-cloth, prints, 
etc., has been supplemented by classes in other branches of Applied Art to meet the business demands 
of the day. For many years wood-engraving was taught in this school and in no other, and now etching, 
illustration, pen-drawing for photo-engraving and china decoration, are taught by artists, each 
distinguished in his or her special branch. The Normal Art Course gives opportunity for thorough 
artistic training in drawing, modeling, painting and theoric design for the specialists in the Industrial 
Arts, as well as graduating thoroughly equipped teachers of art after their four years of study. In 
Massachusetts this work is considered 
so important that the State supports a 
Normal Art School as part of its public 
school system of Boston. The low 
charge for tuition, averaging $50 per 
3rear, places the instruction within the 
reach of all, while forty free scholar- 
ships are competed for among the 
pupils of the public schools of Phila- 
delphia. The practical qualit}^ of the 
instruction and its business value are 
evidenced by the large sales of designs 
each year to manufacturing firms, in- 
creasing the demand for our students 
to fill positions as textile and print 
designers, as decorators, art teachers, 
enamellers, etc. 




The Spring Garden Institute. 



By Prof. W. A. Porter, Principal. 




SPRING G.-iRDEN INSTITUTE, BROAD AND SPRING G.\RDEN STREETS. 



Spring Garden Institute carries on 
its work through two distinct chan- 
nels, directed towards an art and 
mechanical development. The pri- 
mary aim is to cultivate the indus- 
trial side of art education. The 
main body of the students is drawn 
from the class of young men and 
women already employed, but who 
desire to advance still further in 
their special line of work. The 
school is not a place for picture 
makers nor portrait painters. Its 
doors are open to welcome the future 
lithographer, engraver, designer, 
metal worker, electric light fitter, 
wood and stone can-er. Nearly 800 
pupils are in attendance. 
The system of instruction carries through a period of three years. The work relates first to 
form. Elementary drawing from the cast to secure good outline ; light and shade are next considered ; 
finally color. During each term and at its close, certificates stating progression or testif\dng to profi- 
ciency are granted. Instruction js given individually, supplemented by lectures on geometry, perspec- 
tive, historic ornament, botanical analysis, design and color harmonj'. 

The Institute has been unusually progressive and efficient in the province of design. The success 
is largely due to the excellent ground work in drawing, which forms the foundation of all the practice 
in this department. " No amount of so-called talent or inventive genius can make up for a lack of 
drafting skill, and all the pupils are, therefore, required to learn drawing before beginning the work of 
design." Color harmony is a subject essentially valuable in this line of work. Everybody should 
look at color, but the designer must study it. The students are taught to turn to the best source of 
inspiration — nature herself. Vegetables, fruits, flowers and foliage are prominent studies to be drawn 
and painted before the pupils enter the designing class. The study of historic styles is, of course, a 
necessaty- part of this particular branch of training. The education of a designer demands an 
acquaintance with what has been done in art, a knowledge how nature has been adapted and 
conventionalized by different nations. The night schools in drawing are carried on independentl}' of 
the day classes. They have been arranged for the education of those employed during the da3^ The 
course is laid out with special reference to their needs, and instruction is given in mechanical, 
architectural and free-hand drawing by architects and draftsmen actually engaged at their profession 
during the day. The course in mechanical drawing embraces three years. The principles are taught 
from the round, and the subject considered in a very practical wa}^ ; architectural drawing is outlined 
in the same manner for three years of study, the main purpose being to familiarize the pupils with 
drawings required in various trades, and eventually, if studious and correct in practice, to educate them 
to be capable draftsmen. Boys are also trained at night for lithographic work, and instruction is also 
given in modeling in clay. 



56 





1 


I 


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Rv^^^H^S 


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roj 






I^H 


^^^^^^B ' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 




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.■■^ 



PAINTING FROM THE MODEL. 

The school also maintains day and evening classes for teaching the proper handling of tools, 
vise and machinist tool work. The shops being furnished with all necessary appliances, such as 
turning lathes, planing machines, drill presses. Adjoining this department is one for wood working. 

The Institute being thoroughly ambitious of extending a helping hand to apprentices and others 
employed in shops and manufactories, the fees are fixed at amounts low enough to place the benefits 
of tuition within the reach of all, and at the same time to provide for a high grade of instruction. The 
sum of $5 enables a student to enter any of the evening classes, admits him to the lecture hall, and 
entitles him to procure books from the librar}'. 

The prizes awarded by the Institute are gold, silver and bronze medals and certificates. 



Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades. 



Although not situated within the limits of the city, this richly endowed and most valuable institution 
is essentially a Philadelphia benificence, the gift of I. N. Williamson, recently deceased, a merchant of 
this community. The fine group of school trade buildings and dormitories devoted to the work of the 
School are at a point near Media, in Delaware County, Pa., a brief ride by rail over the P. W. & B. 
Central Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The property includes 197 acres, and the improve- ■ 
ments to date have cost $411,431.97. The site commands a grand rural outlook. The number of 
pupils is now about 170, and being selected with special reference to their aptitude, they have, in the 
brief course of the School's existence, made a most remarkable progress in general studies and the 
handicrafts which are here taught, and which include mechanical drawing, the building trades, pattern 
making, machinery, steam and electric engineering, etc. Pupils are instructed eight hours daily, 
equally in the school rooms and the shops, five days of each week. All being resident at the institution 
throughout the term of their instruction, being domiciled in groups of twenty-four boys each. The 
first class has recently graduated, and rank as first-class mechanics, well equipped to care for them- 
selves and future dependents. The School is controlled and its funds administered by a Board of Mana- 
ge:s, of which Mr. Henry C. Townsend is Chairman and Alfred Hembold, Jr., Secretary. The Presi- 
dent is Mr. John M. Shrigley, and Superintendent, Mr. Robert Crawford, with an efficient stafiF of 
instructors. 



57 



The Manual Training Schools. 



E. A. Partridge, Instructor in Physics. 




JNIACHINK SHOP. 



The Manual Training Schools ot Philadelphia are the outcome of 
an endeavor of a nnniber of the members of the Board of Educa- 
tion, to add to the educational s.vstem of the tity, schools in which 
the instruction should be carried on b}^ a method which has long 
been recognized as the most natural and consequently the best that 
can be conceived. The exercise and consequent de^'elopment of 
the senses, the avenues through which all our knowledge reaches 
us, is necessarily the highest aim of the educator. But this sense 
exercise has until recently been almost entirel}^ neglected. With 
the opening of the Manual Training School in September, 1S85, 
this neglect ceased and a course of study was inaugurated in 
which sense exercise is" the object consistentlj'- aimed at. The 
work in the several departments is so planned as to be mutually 
helpful. Working in this way the school has achieved for itself a 
high reputation both in this countn' and in Europe. At the Paris 
Exhibition it was awarded a gold medal for presenting the best exhibit of work done by an American 
Manual Training School. 

In the Manual Training Schools boj'S do not learn trades, they are taught to use the tools 
emplo3'ed b}'' the workers at man}' trades. The}' thus not only learn the methods of manufacture of 
main' things, but acquire skill themselves. Skill which enables them when they have conceived an 
idea to give it tangible form. This very ability reacting induces greater fertility of imagination. 
The dexterity to fashion resisting materials into useful things creates in the bo}' a greater respect for 
the artisan . As a consequence when he comes to the choice of his occupation he will not feel that he 
is limited to the overcrowded, learned professions, but can gi^-e his natural inclination free swav, and 
he will not choose blindl}', for he will have learned by experience whether he is naturall}^ gifted in any 
particular direction. He is not, however, barred from a professional life, for when he is graduated he 
is fitted to enter the University of Pennsylvania. As the University offers a large number of free 
scholarships, many of the graduates of the school have availed themselves of the opportunit}' to 
continue their education. In fact 25 per cent, of the graduates enter colleges or higher technical 
schools. Since the establishment of the school in 1885, 1497 boj's have entered, over 50 per cent, of 
whom have graduated. Taken together with the fact that only between 20 and 25 per cent, of those 
who enter the ordinary High Schools remain to graduate, the 
preceding statement has especial significance. It indicates that 
the work is of absorbing interest, and therefore the pupils feel 
great reluctance to leave. It is a striking fact that 97 per cent, 
of those whose names are enrolled are in regular attendance, 
2 per cent, out of the remaining 3 per cent, being absent on 
account of sickness. An analysis of the register shows that 
of the boys who have been admitted to the school 75 per 
cent, are sons of business or professional men, 20 per cent. 01 
artisans and 5 per cent, of laborers or widows. From this it 
appears that men engaged in intellectual pursuits recognize the 
value of an education aimed at fitting a boy for the practical duties 
of life. The varied character of the work renders discipline a 
matter which takes care of itself. The manliness which a boy feels 



58 




FORGE ROOM. 



ill consequence of his ability to do something, showing itself in no way so markedly as in this. An 
important feature in the practical execution of the course is the absence of a sj^stem of marking daily 
recitations. The pupil quickly realizes that he is working for himself, and the artificial stimulus of 
marks is found to be wholly unnecessan^ The favorable impression made by the school, resulted in 
so many applications for admission, that the accommodations of the original school were found to be 
wholly inadequate. To meet the increased demand for this class of instruction a second Manual 
Training School was opened in 1891. Others will surelj^ follow. 




MAIN- BUILDING, GIRARD COI,I.e;GE. 

Qirard and his College. 



A. H. Fetterolf, LIv.D., President. 



One of the most fortunate ships that ever sailed up the Delaware River, in far-reaching beneficence to 
the City of Philadelphia, was called the "!<' Amiable Louise," Captain Stephen Girard, who was 
diverted from his course between New Orleans and New York in the month of May, 1776, through fear 
of capture by the war- ships of the British. This accidental call resulted in the adoption of Philadel- 
phia by the young French sailor as his home, where, thriving by reason of his superior commercial 
acumen and the favorable conditions of trade in his time, he endowed the home of his manhood with 
one of the greatest and noblest charities in the civilized world. 

59 



Stephen Girard was born in the City of Bordeaux, France, May 20, 1750, and was, therefore, but 
twenty-six years of age at the time of his arrival in this port. The young alien soon assumed citizen- 
ship, built ships, prospered, proved a patriot in periods of war and a hero in the awful days of the yellow 
fever scourge of 1793 ; was the financial right arm of the Government during the war of 1S14, and 
became the merchant prince of his day. Fate denied him the happiness of a wife and family in his 
latter years, and thus, at the time of his death, December 26, 1S31, at the age of eighty-one years, 
it was found that he had devised nearly his entire fortune of about $7,000,000, after making liberal 
provisions for other charities and public works, to the creation of a great educational home for poor 
white male orphans, preference being given to natives, first, of Philadelphia ; secondly, of the State of 
Pennsylvania ; thirdly, of New York City, and lastly of New Orleans. 

Minute conditions for the conduct of the great institution contemplated by the devisor were 
contained in his will. The expenditure of the money necessary to erect the buildings, together with 
the investment of the large sums remaining was vested in the city authorities, and now forms a distinct 
branch of the citj^ trusts, in the hands of a series of committees of eminent citizens, under whose 
fostering care the value of the investments have not only remained unimpaired, but have largely 
increased. The vast business of this organization is conducted under the title of the Girard Estate. 
The grounds, formerly Stephen Girard 's farm, devoted to Girard College are located in the Twenty-ninth 
Ward, to the west of Ridge Avenue, and have a frontage upon the south of quite half a mile at an 
acute angle with Girard Avenue and Poplar Street, which thoroughfares are thus, for a short distance, 
deflected from their general course. The area, which is enclosed with a heavy stone wall, embraces forty 
acres. Fourteen principal structures of different types of architecture now form the college group, those 
first built being of the Greek t3'pe. The main building is the finest example of this form in the United 
States. Within its walls are the tomb and statue of its founder. The artistic grouping of these 
buildings, set in the midst of flowery lawns and broad play-grounds presents a most pleasing picture. 
The cost of land and buildings to date has been $3,250,000. At the close of 1892 the college contained 
1.559 pupils, 1 14 officers and teachers, and of other employes of all kinds, 268. The orphan pupils are 
not only instructed in common school branches and the manual arts, but are enrolled in a battalion of 
youthful soldiers having its own excellent band, drum corps and officers, which is the pride of the 
institution. When, at the age of eighteen years, the young beneficiary goes forth from these sheltering 
gates, he is prepared to meet the world well equipped in head and hand and with the bearing of a 
gentleman. Visitors are admitted to the institution upon presentation of a card from the office of the 
Girard Estate, which is located at Twelfth and Girard Streets, above Chestnut. 



Wagner Free Institute of Science. 



By T. L. Montgomery, SECRET.iRV. 



Professor William Wagner's efforts to promote an interest in scientific topics began in 1847, and con- 
tinued at his residence at first, and later at the old Spring Garden Hall, until 1859, when Professor 
Wagner commenced the erection of the present Institute, at Seventeenth Street and Montgomery Avenue. 
In May, 1865, the courses of free lectures commenced at this place, upon geology, mineralogy, chemistry, 
physics and engineering. After Professor Wagner's death in 1885, the scope of studies and lectures 
was increased, and the Institute has recently been thoroughly renovated. The lecture room seats 640 
people. The library contains 7,500 volumes. Space is given up to a branch of the Philadelphia Public 
Library, which has placed here 10,500 volumes. 500 volumes are loaned daily to the public, free of 
charge. The Natural History Museum is one of the best in the countr3^ It is open to the public on 
Wednesdays and Saturdays, from 2 to 5 o'clock. About 6,500 persons attended the courses of lectures 
of the past Winter. The Faculty now consists of Dr. Henry EeSman, Dr. J. T. Rothrock, Professor 
S. T. Skidmore, Professor Robert Ellis Thompson and Professor >Samuel Tobias Wagner. Professor 
William Wagner's gifts to the Institute amounted to about $300,000. 



60 



The Franklin Institute. 




By Dr. William H. Wahl, Secretary. 



The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, located in 
Philadelphia, was founded in the year 1824, specifically for the 
promotion of the mechanic arts. The scope of its operations, how- 
ever, has been greatly extended within recent years, and it may 
more properl)' be termed an Association for the promotion of the 
arts and manufactures. The membership of the Institution is com- 
posed of manufacturers, mechanics, engineers, professional men, 
and others who are interested in science and the industrial arts. Its 
roll of membership embraces about 2,000 names. The means 
employed in the furtherance of the objects of the Institution are 
concisely stated as follows : 

Library. — At the present time the Library contains over 
40,000 volumes, 25,000 pamphlets, 20,000 maps and charts, and 
over 1,000 photographs, classified and catalogued. It is exclusively 
scientific and technical in character and is steadilj' increasing in 
numbers and importance. It embraces, in addition to the standard 
and current works on mechanics, ph^-sics and chemistr}', pure and 
applied, the publications of the principal scientific and technical societies of the world, files of about 
400 home and foreign scientific and technical serials accessible to all members in good standing, and com- 
plete sets of the British (and colonial), French, German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Swiss and Ameri- 
can Patent Records, open for inspection by members at all hours, and by the public from 9 A. M. to 
6 P. M. The extent and very complete condition of its serials make the library particularly valuable for 
reference. The library is open daily, Sundays excepted, from 9 A. M. to 10 i^ M. (6 P. m. during June, 
July and August). 

Lectures. — Courses of lectures on subjects of a scientific and technical character are given each 
year. These lectures number about thirty, and are arranged under the direction of a Committee on 
Instruction, with the assistance of the professors of the Institute. The lectures are held on Monday 
and Friday evenings at 8 o'clock, beginning in November and continuing regularly thereafter until the 
end of February. Members' tickets admit to the lectures, and members have the privilege of obtaining 
a limited number of admission tickets for friends. 

The courses are varied each year, and, while popular and entertaining themes are not neglected, 
the greater number are selected with the view of presenting the latest advances in those branches of 
science and the arts germane to the objects of the Institute. 

Drawing School. — A school of instruction in drawing embraces the mechanical, architectural 
and free-hand branches, has been maintained uninterruptedly since the foundation of the Institute. It 
is in charge of a director and several assistants, under the general direction of the Committee on 
Instruction, and at present is in a flourishing condition, both in respect of the means and methods of 
instruction and the number of the pupils. 

Journal oe the Franklin Institute. — The Franklin Institute began, in the year 1826, the 
publication of a Journal devoted to science and the mechanic arts which has been continued uninter- 
ruptedly to the present day. It contains the record of the scientific and other useful work of the 
Institute, besides many valuable contributions relating to the growth of American industries and the pro- 
gress of science and the useful arts in general during the past half century'. The complete file of the 
Journal embraces The Franklin Journal, 4 volumes, 1826-1827 ; the Journal of the Franklin Institute 
second series, 26 volumes, 1828-1840 ; the Journal of the Franklin Institute, third series, 100 volumes, 
1841 to the present, or 134 volumes in all. In its present form the Journal is an octavo of eighty pages. 



61 



It is issued mor^thl)^ The six issues, January to June and July to December, each constitute a com- 
plete volume, with index and title page. The Journal is edited by a Committee on Publications, with 
the assistance of the Secretary of the Institute. The complete index of the Journal is arranged by 
subject matter and authors, and covering the first 120 volumes (1826-1885) has been published. 

Meetings. — The Institute meets on the third Wednesday of each month (except in July and 
August). At these meetings papers on important scientific and technical subjects are read and 
discussed, new inventions are exhibited and described, and a report on current matters of interest in 
science and the useful arts is presented by the Secretary. The meetings are held in the lecture room. 
The chair is taken at 8 o'clock, p. m. Members may introduce friends. Visitors are expected to leave 
their cards with the door-keeper. 

Committee on Science and Arts. — This Committee was originally the Committee on Inven- 
tions. It was formed in 1834, and from that date to the close of 1886 was constituted of volunteer 
members. Since 1887 the Committee has consisted of forty-five members chosen at the annual election, 
fifteen each year, who pledge themselves to investigate and report upon the merits of such inventions as 
may be submitted to them for that purpose, and to perform such other duties as shall be referred to the 
Committee by the Institute. In its time this Committee has examined and reported upon a great 
number of inventions, and many worth)^ persons are indebted to its counsel and aid for the successful 
introduction of their inventions, or have dissuaded from wasting time and money upon impractical 
projects. It has investigated and reported upon numerous subjects referred to it by the Institute, and 
by its labors has assisted notabh' in maintaining the scientific reputation of the Institute. The work of 
the Committee on Science and the Arts is done gTatuitousl3^ The meetings of this Committee are open 
to all members of the Institute. 

This Committee has been entrusted by the Institute with the authorit}' to grant the Elliott- 
Cresson Gold Medal and the Edward Longstreth Silver Medal, and to recommend the grant of the John 
Scott Tegacy Premium and Medal, for discoveries and inventions of conspicuous merit. Persons 
desiring to submit their inventions to this Committee will be furnished by the Secretary with a printed 
copy of the rules and a blank form of application. 

Sections. — Members of the Institute who may wish to become associated in order to devote 
themselves to special branches of science and the other useful arts, may organize a Section for that purpose 
in accordance with certain prescribed regulations. At the present time there is in existence a Chemical 
Section, with a membership numbering about eighty, and an Electrical Section numbering about sixty- 
five members, both active organizations. The meetings of the Sections are held in the hall, and are 
open to all members of the Institute. 

Exhibitions. — The first exhibition of American manufacturers held in the United States was 
held under the direction of the Franklin Institute, in the j'ear 1824, at the old Carpenter's Hall, in 
Philadelphia. Since that historic event the Institute has held numerous exhibitions. Owing to the 
great expansion of the industries, the recent exhibitions of the Institute have been devoted to special 
subjects. The last exhibition (that of 1S85) was the twenty-ninth exhibition held by the Institute. 

Officers. — The present officers of the Franklin Institute are : President, Joseph M. \\'ilsou ; 
Vice-Presidents, Charles Bullock, William P. Tatham, Edward Longstreth ; Secretary, William H. 
Wahl ; Treasurer, Samuel Sartain ; Actuarj^, H. L,. Heyl ; Librarian, Alfred Rigling. In addition 
there is a Board of Managers numbering twenty-eight members. 

Board of Managers. — ^Joseph M. Wilson, cx-officio. Chairman ; Charles H. Banes, Henry 
Bower, Charles Bullock, c. x- officio : John E. Codman, George V. Cresson, F. Lynwood Garrison, Henry 
R. Heyl, Edwin J. Houston, H. W. Jayne, Washington Jones, Enoch Lewis, Edward Longstreth, 
cx-offcio ; John Lucas, Samuel R. Marshall, Isaac Norris, Jr., Henry Pemberton, Jr., Theodore D. 
Rand, Stacy Reeves, Charles E. Ronaldson, Samuel P. Sadtler, Samuel Sartain, ex-offcio : Coleman 
Sellers, William Sellers, H. W. Spangler, William P. Tatham, ex-officio : William H. Thorne, J. C. 
Trautwine, Jr., William H. Wahl, rx -officio. 



62 



The American Philosophical Society. 



By Julius F. Sachse. 




ORIGIXAI, APPEARANCE OF 
THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAI, SOCIETY'S BUILDING. 



Every visitor in Philadelphia who is 
scientifically or studiously inclined, 
should visit the hall of the American 
Philosophical Society, which is open to 
the public dail}^, except on Sunday, 
between the hours of lo A. m. and i- p.m. 
This venerable building, No. 104 South 
Fifth Street, which nestles there on 
historic ground within the shadow of 
Independence Hall, contains the art 
treasures and library of the Society. 
The latter consists of over 50,000 volumes 
and manuscripts, and is mainly a library 
of reference. It is the only free public 
librarjr in the old portion of the city east 
of Tenth Street. In the hall proper, 
where the meetings are held, are to 
be seen a number of portraits of Revo- 
lutionary and Colonial celebrities. 
The American Philosophical Society, which has just celebrated its Sesqui-Centennial Jubilee, or 
the One-hundred-and-fiftieth Anniversary of its founding, is the oldest scientific society in America, 
and is ranked as an equal by the foremost American and European societies, as was instanced at the 
late congress incident to the Sesqui-Centennial Celebration. Originally founded by Benjamin Franklin, 
in 1743, it was virtuallj' the outgrowth of the famous Junta, founded as far back as 1727. Upon the 
roll of membership, from the earliest day to the present time, ma^' be found some of the greatest men 
in our country's history, all banded together for the promotion of useful knowledge. The present 
building was commenced in 17S5, but was not entirely finished until the year 1791. It is an interesting 
fact that the building contained the University of Pennsylvania for five years, from 1789 to 1794. Many 
interesting memories cluster around this old colonial structure, memories of Franklin, Washington, 
Jefferson, Rittenhouse, Bishop White, Rev. Nicholas Colin, and many others who are closely identified 
with our early history and scientific development. It may be an interesting item to visitors that during 
the last fi\-e years of the eighteenth century the second story northwest room served Charles W. Peale 
as a studio, and in that room, before the 
old fireplace still to be seen, the patriot 
artist painted Washington, Jefferson, and 
manjr other celebrities of the time. 

A few 3'ears ago an additional story 
was put on the building, and the structure 
made fire-proof throughout. The additional 
room now contains the valuable librar3^ of 
the Societ^^ the second floor being used ex- 
clusively for meeting purposes. The Ameri- 
can Philosophical Society has always been a 
strictly American institution, representing 
Philadelphia of days gone by, and as such 
is well worthy of a visit from the intelligent 
stranger, be they from at home or abroad. 



tNTHRIOR PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY S BOILDINC 




The Y. M. C. A. 



Bv Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, President. 




GERMANTOWN DISTRICT ORGANIZATION'. 



The Young Men's Christian Association of Phila- 
delphia is one of the oldest in America, having been 
organized in 1853. The object is the phj'sical, 
intellectual, social and spiritual improvement of 
young men living in the cit}' or coming here to 
reside for any length of time. To accomplish these 
purposes it maintains buildings or suites of rooms 
in different parts of the city, which are open to 
young men, without distinction, day and evening. 
It has libraries, educational classes for clerks and 
mechanics, lecture courses, social and amusement 
rooms, gymnasiums and baths, with moral and 
religious addresses and meetings specially adapted 
to 3fOung men as a class. It also has recreation 
grounds at Belmont and Elm Avenues, near the 
Park, for use in the Summer season. The Asso- 
ciation is one corporation, with a general Board of 
Directors, and fourteen branches in diiferent parts 
of the cit3\ It owns six buildings and the remain- 
ing branches are in rented quarters. Its principal building is at Fifteenth and Chestnut Streets, and is 
well known throughout the country. Some of the other buildings are small but attractive, and the 
Pennsylvania Railroad Department of the work has recently erected a building at the Fortieth Street 
Station, which, with the land, will represent an investment of $60,000. This will be one of the two 
Vjest buildings occupied by railroad men for this work in the world. The Association has branches in 
the University of Pennsylvania and various medical schools, which have comfortable rooms, has two 
railroad branches, one for German speaking young men and one for colored 5'ouths. Eight libraries, 
nine gymnasiums and one natatorium form a part of its material equipment. The Philadelphia Associa- 
tion is third in size and point of equipment in the world, being exceeded only by London and New York. 
The active management of the Association throughout the city is vested in a Board of Directors. The 
Germantown Y. M. C. A. is an independent body, owning a fine building upon Main Street. 

In its purpose and effort to provide for the 
wants of the young men of Philadelphia in their 
leisure time and to supph' every help to them, not 
simply for their amusement, but for their improve- 
ment physically, intellectually and morally, the Asso- 
ciation puts its privileges within reach of young men 
of all classes at the cost of a verj^ small fee. 
In order to do this and to make up the 
difference in the cost of these privileges, 
it must depend for support upon the 
citizens of Philadelphia. The Association 




PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD Y. M. C. A. BOILDING. 



receives annualh^ for the general work and for its different branches, the mone)' to maintain them. It 
also seeks sums by gift or bequest with which to erect other buildings, endow libraries, educational classes 
and other departments, and to provide for the future. 



Women's Christian Association. 




The splendid structure which is now the home of this organization in 
Philadelphia, opened in 1893, is a monument to the untiring energy 
and zeal of many Christian women of our city. The new building 
is broad, deep and high, but not more so than the humane spirit 
which shields its many inmates from want and harm, guiding them 
to a knowledge of the better things of life and proving this a city of 
sisterly as well £s "brotherly love." The recently completed 
building is located at Eighteenth and Arch Streets. The first floor is 
devoted to a library, free to all working women ; a free employment 
bureau (except for domestics), and the Assembly Hall, in which free 
concerts, lectures, etc. are held weekly. Instruction rooms for 
useful pursuits (with a nominal charge for tuition), the general 
office, parlors and committee rooms are also on this floor. The 
second floor includes a sewing room, reading room, bedrooms and galleries of Assembly Hall. The 
third floor contains a training school for domestics, and rooms for transient female lodgers who are 
strangers, and who pay from twenty-five to fifty cents per night. The fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh 
floors are filled with bedrooms, occupied mainly by self- supporting girls, who pay for lodging, board 
and all comforts, from $3.00 to $3.50 per week. A great dining-room, a restaurant and kitchen fill the 
eighth floor, and above all is the Summer garden upon the broad cemented roof. Abundant bath-rooms, 
elevators and every modern facility for comfort are provided for the inmates. 

A "sea rest" at Asbury Park, N. J., the " Whelen Home" at Bristol, Pa., and a branch in 
Kensington, are also maintained b}^ the Association 

The officers of the W. C. A. are Mrs. A. H. Franciscus, President ; Mrs. H. S. Hoffman, Mrs. 
John B. Gest, Mrs. John F. Keen, Mrs. Cyrus D. Foss, Mrs. Wm. Simpson, Jr., Mrs. Wm. B. Hanna, 
Vice-Presidents ; Mrs. B. B. Comegys, Jr. , Recording Secretary : Sarah Cadbun,-, Corirsponding Secretary : 
Mrs. D. L. Coyle, Treasurer ; Mary Pearsall, Assistant Treasurer ; in addition to which are some 
eighteen lady chairmen of standing committees. 



Public Libraries of Philadelphia. 



By T. Morris Perot President Mercantile Libr.^ry Co. 




Besides a large number of ver>' valuable 
private libraries, there are in Philadelphia 
over 100 libraries, the most of which are 
open to the public, without charge; and 
the others are accessible to any one on very 
reasonable terms. Some of these libraries 
are of a special character, designed to meet 
the wants of some one class of readers and 
students, and the books can be used only 
within the building. 



RIDGWAY branch OF THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY. 




THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 



Of the large libraries of a general character, whose books are allowed 
to be taken from the building, worthy of especial mention, there are two. 
The Library Company, of Philadelphia, and the Mercantile Library Com- 
pany. Thev each contain about 170,000 volumes ; there are two others 
that have about 50,000 volumes each ; two that have between 40,000 and 
50,000 ; five that have between 30,000 and 40,000 ; five that have between 
20,000 and 30,000 ; thirteen that have between 10,000 and 20,000 ; eighteen 
that have between 5,000 and 10,000, and forty that have between 1,000 

and 5,000. 

Four libraries were formed in the first half of the last century, the 
oldest being The Library Company, of Philadelphia, which was established 
in 1731 . The Library of the Carpenters' Company was established in 1736 ; 
the Friends' Library on Sixteenth Street, was established in 1742 ; and 

^^■.....^^ ^.-. that of the American Philosophical Society in 1743. 

The Library Companv, of Philadelphia, has a most valuable collection of books, many of which 
could not be replaced. This library was founded by Benjamin Franklin and his associates m 1731- 
It has a circulation of 43.000 volumes, and occupies a beautiful building on Locust Street below Broad. 
Connected with this library is the Ridgway branch, a reference librar5^ occupying a splendid building 
on Broad Street, established under the will of Dr. James Rush, who left a legacy of $1,000,000 for the 
purpose Unfortunately the location of this library is too far down-town, and on this account much of 
its value is lost It probably contains the most valuable collection of books of reference m America. 
The Mercantile Library Company, of Philadelphia, is situated on Tenth Street, between Chestnut and 
Market a most convenient location, occupying a large building 300 feet in depth. It was founded m 
1 82 1 by the merchants of Philadelphia, and has a circulation of 87,000 volumes. It is open and Iree to 
all readers of both sexes. A moderate charge is made to those who desire to take books from the 
library A newspaper room and a periodical room, containing 160 periodicals, are connected with the 
library Of the libraries containing less than 100,000 volumes, that deserve special mention, are those 
of the College of Physicians, which in value is thought to rank second only to that of the Surgeon 
General's office in Washington ; the Carpenters' Company, rich in works pertaining to architecture and 
buildin- in which the Continental Congress held its first sessions ; those of the Pennsylvania Historical 
Society\nd the Baptist Historical Society, which are rich in printed and manuscript materials for history 
in their several lines ; the Friends' Library, which has lately made fire-proof provision for the safe 
keeping of material pertaining to their history ; the Academy of Natural Sciences ; the Franklin Institute 
and the Law Library, which are strong in 
their special lines. The library of the 
Drexel Institute has been recently estab- 
lished, and is certain to become a valuable 
part of that institution's equipment. The 
Apprentices Library and the City Insti- 
tute are free and have a large circulation. 
The first free Law Library, Hurst 
Library, established a few years ago, is 
an admirable collection of books made to 
meet the wants of the general practitioner, 
is endowed, and is believed to be the only 
law library in the country that is entirely 
free to the profession and to the general 
public. 

Under the authority of the City 
Councils, the Board of Education has 
just entered on the work of establishing 
in different parts of the city small free 

6b 

THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY. 




libraries, especially for teachers and scholars, as an adjunct to the school system. Under the Pepper 
bequest of $250,000, supplemented by an appropriation from the city, a free library of 7,000 volumes has 
just been opened in the City Hall as a beginning in this direction. But the creation of a great free 
public library for Philadelphia is yet to be accomplished. It has long been hoped that some of 
our many public-spirited citizens, who were endowing or providing in their wills for institutions of a 
benevolent or literary character, would remember the great need of Philadelphia in this respect. There 
is one large and valuable library in Philadelphia, whose property is worth probably $500,000 free of 
encumbrance. Its building is most centrally situated and suitable for the purpose, occupying a lot 100 
feet by 300 feet, with about 170,000 selected volumes, and with an endowment fund of about $150,000. 
This library, it is understood, is ready to open its doors freely to the public as soon as the endowment 
will be made sufficient for its support. 



Academy of Natural Sciences. 



By Edward J. Nolan, Secretary. 




The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, was founded 
in 1812. Its object is the encouragement of original research in 
the natural sciences. To facilitate this work it has accumulated 
a museum and library which are believed in several of their depart 
ments to be unexcelled in America. It also contributes to the 
progress of science by the publication of discoveries and investi- 
gations, and by courses of popular and scientific lectures. The 
publications of the Academy consist of a quarterly journal begun 
in 1817, and of an annual octavo volume of proceedings, which has 
been issued regularly since 1S41 . In these publications are recorded 
the discoveries and researches, not only of the Academy's own 
members, but also those of other scientists who desire to avail 
themselves of the opportunities which the Academy affords to give 
publicity to their work. 
In the museum the collection of shells is believed to be the largest now in existence. The orni- 
thological cabinet contains 27,000 mounted specimens and more than 5,000 unmounted skins. Among 
its special features are the Gould collection of Australian birds, the Bonaparte collection of European 
birds, and the A'erreaux series of birds from Africa and Asia. The collection of fossils is one of the 
most important in the country, and comprises many of the most valued types of some of our leading 
paleontologists. The invertebrate series is perhaps the most extensive in America. All the othe'^r 
departments of natural history are satisfactorily represented in the museum. 

Through the administration of a fund devised to the Academy, in trust by Mr. A. E. Jessup, for 
the purpose of assisting young men who require pecuniary aid while engaged in the study of the natural 
sciences, a number of such persons have been carefully educated in the institution, not only without 
charge, but receiving a monthly stipend. Many of these students have acquired distinction in science, 
and hold desirable positions in institutions of learning. 

The stated meetings of the society are held every Tuesday evening, Tho.se interested in the 
proceedings are welcome to attend whether they be members or not. In truth all the resources of the 
Academy are placed freely at the service of those desiring to acquire knowledge, with only such restric- 
tions a.^ have been found necessary to secure the greatest good to the largest number. 

67 



The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 




By John W. Jordan 



This most useful institution devoted to the systematic preservation 
of valuable relics, documents and books, relating to the history of 
our country, and more particularly of this State, is situated upon 
Locust Street, at the corner of Thirteenth, Avithin a moment's 
walk of the busiest highways of the city and several of its princi- 
pal hotels. 

Its Librar}^ contains 30,000 volumes, the largest collection 
of local pamphlets in the city, and unequalled newspaper files. 
It also has the most extensive collection of genealogies in the United States. An index to the wills and 
administrators of the counties of Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester may be found here, and records of 
the Episcopal, Moravian and Presbyterian Churches, from 1681 to 1825, are on file. Copies of the 
Record of Friends' meetings in Pennsylvania and New Jersey are preserved here. 

Among the priceless volumes owned by the Historical Society is the Bradford Prayer Book, of 
1710, discovered by the writer in the Moravian Church of Philadelphia, in 1870. 

The Tower collection of colonial laws is unique. The Ferdinand J. Dreer collection of auto- 
graphs seen here, is one of the largest and most A-aluable in the United States. There are deposited here 
one hundred volumes of Peniberton-Clififord family papers. 

The original charter of the City of Philadelphia, is one of the Society's chief measures. * 

Among notable papers are the original laws agreed upon by the colonists of Pennsyh^ania, 
prior to leaving England in 1682, (in manuscript); the will of the first member of the Washington 
family to migrate to America. Letters of General Anthony Wayne, and numerous manuscripts of 
the Penn family. 

The relics include the old Ephrata Printing Press, once used by the monastic order of the 
"Solitary in Ephrata." The Royal Arms of England, once displayed upon the Provincial Hall, at 
Second and Market Streets. 

Sundry personal effects of William Penn. The First Deed of the Indians to William Penn. 
(July 15, 1682) and the Great Belt of ^\''anlpum delivered to the proprietor at the same time under the 
Elm. Tree at Shackamaxon. 

Many notable paintings adorn the Society's walls, the most notable of which is an authentic 
portrait of William Penn, presented to the institution by his grand son Granville Penn, of Stoke Poges, 
England, in 1833, from whom, also was received a second portrait of Penn at the age of twenty-two 
years. 

There are many other portraits, partly originals, of men distinguished in the past affairs of our 
city and countrJ^ 

The paintings of historical scenes include "Blowing up of the British Frigate Augusta," an 
event which occurred at Red Bank, in the Delaware River, "Fairman's Mansion and the Treaty 
Tree," "Marion's Dinner," "Fort Necessity," upon the site of Pittsburg, "Braddock's Grave," 
"Braddock's Field," Stoke Poges Park and Castle," the ancestral home of the Penns, and "Pennsyl- 
vania Castle," Isle of Portland, lingland, the Penn Summer residence. 

The Historical Society has real estate valued at $131,701, a publication fund of $35,000, a 
building fund of $5,300, endowment fund of $33,000, library fund of $16,000 and general fund of 
$11,000. 



* (See chapter upon " Our Charters and Ooveruments " for particulars regarding its discover}'.) 



68 









,(s,>ZEO ,g^ 




1^ ' ■ w prr 






COUNC\L' 



,<.V- 



jYcules liiuio ^^, 



-^•" v^ilf- 




President, 

WiLIvIAM W. FOULKROD. 



'^4;^|2 




^■^^ 



Vice-Presidents, 



George W. Blabon, 



John Field. 



Secretary, 

J. N. Fitzgerald. 



Treasurer, 

Richard L,. Austin. 



Rowland D. Allen, 
William M. Ayres, 
Finley Acker, 
Charles M. Biddle, 
Basil H. Brown, 
George W. Banks, 
George Burnham, Jr., 
John G. Croxton, 
A. Graham Elliot, 
Edward D. Eyre, 
Howard B. French, 
William H. Folwell, 
J. Roberts Foulke, 



Directors, 

Henry W. Green, 
Lewis M. Haupt, 
William H. Haines, 
Charles G. Justice, 
Mahlon N. Kline, 
Arthur H. Lea, 
Leo Loeb, 

Lucius S. Landreth, 
William T. McNeely, 
A. Robinson McIlvaine, 
Robert M. McWade, 
Thomas Martindale, 
David C Nimlet, 
Edward C. Naphby'S. 



Charles W. Potts, 
George W. B. Roberts, 
Washington Righter, 
Charles W. Schwartz, 
Theoph. H. Smith, 
William W. Supplee, 
John S. Stevens, 
Daniel Sutter, 
Coleman Sellers, Jr., 
William P. Thompson, 
William H. Wetherill, 
William Waterall, 
Walter Wood, 



General Transportation Afent, 

Charles P. Hatch, 

421 Chestnut Street. 



69 



Consulting Eng:lneer, 

Lewis M. Haupt, C. E., 

18 South Broad Street. 



The Work of the Trades League of Philadelphia. 



Bv Thomas Martindalb. 




^•?> 



The ' ' Trades League ' ' was ushered into existence at a 
public meeting, held in Common Council Chamber, March 
24, 1S91, to adopt such measures as would best serve to 
secure a concession to the traveling public, by which a 
passenger being carried on a through ticket from the West 
to New York City, might have the right to "stop ofl""' at 
Philadelphia without extra fare being demanded. The 
meeting was addressed by Thomas Martindale and Colonel 
Thomas G. Hood, in favor of organization, and by others 
in opposition. It was there and then decided to organize 
what has since become the most aggressive, alert and 
energetic commercial association of business men on the 
continent — The Trades League of Philadelphia. W. W. 
Foulkrod was elected President, and afterwards an able 
Board of Managers, numbering forty of the leading business 
men of all branches of trade or manufactures was chosen. 
^ The Trades League then is, in point of age, but a 

" puny infant, " a " three-year-old, ' ' but in the three years of its existence it has revivified and quickened 
into renewed life and energy every other business organization in the city. It has, with entire 
unselfishness, worked for the best interests of the City of Philadelphia as a city ; of its business men , 
without regard to trade, class or calling and of its commerce. It has held up the hands of the city 
authorities, and sustained them in carrying out needed reforms ; it has protested against legislation 
deemed inimical to the welfare of the city or its business interests ; it has, above all, been active in 
placing and in keeping Philadelphia to the front in everj^ good thing, and in having the city advertised 
magnificently, both at home (in the full extent of our grand Continent) and abroad. 

Through its influence, and under its management, the newspapers of our city (the very best 
advertisement a cit\r can have) are sent free every working day of the year to every large hotel in every 
city of over 10,000 inhabitants (where the Philadelphia newspapers are not sold) in the United States, 
and also two newspapers — a morning and evening paper — are sent to everj"- large hotel in the principal 
cities of Great Britain and Ireland, and the continent of Europe, where they may be found on file to 
instruct and interest strangers, as well as our own people journeying in " strange lands." 

The Book of Philadelphia, which has passed through its first edition, is an unique and 
artistic means of placing the advantages of Philadelphia before the traveler, the clubman, the scholar and 
student, the business man, the clergyman, the public officials of other cities, towns and villages. It is 
presumably the finest work of its kind that has ever been issued to advertise a city, and shows as much as 
anything can show, the broad-gauge spirit that actuates the Board of Managers in their work. When the 
World's Fair at Chicago was inaugurated, the Press Committee of the League issued and distributed 
to the thousands of travelers who passed through our city, a dainty pamphlet, entitled " The Stranger 
in Town," which gave in brief, boiled-down facts, valuable information to the "stranger in town " of 
our city's institutions, and claims to pre-eminence. At the request of the League the City Councils 
appropriated funds for a census of the city, which was taken under the direction of his honor, the 
Mayor, in November, 1S92, with the co-operation and assistance of the League, showing a population 
of 1,142,653 inhabitants. 



70 



The long sought for concession of " stopping off" on through East bound tickets was obtained 
through the efforts of the Passenger Committee of the League, aided by the powerful influence of Mr. 
Frank Thompson, first Vice-President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and Mr. Charles K. Lord, Vice- 
President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, in November, 1891, aud the great number of passengers 
who have availed themselves of this privilege, justifies the belief that this has been the means of 
bringing an enormous amount of new trade to the city. 

The establishment of a freight bureau, under the management of a competent and experienced 
railroad man, Mr. Chas. P. Hatch, was next inaugurated. This Department has been efficient in 
collecting claims for lost freight, in quickening the transit of freight from the city to distant points , and 
in looking after all things that tend to protect and subserve the shippers' interest. The problem of 
securing a new " mint " site for the city, the cost of which should be within the amount appropriated 
by the Government, and the location for which, should be acceptable to the Government, aud conveni- 
ently situated for the service demanded of it, was undertaken by the League when the project seemed 
hopeless of fulfilment, but after earnest, continued and patient effort, a site was selected which the 
Government accepted, and condemnation proceedings are now in progress towards acquiring full title 
for the property on the part of the Government. 

The League gave valuable aid to City Councils in perfecting a plan for the remodeling of the 
Sinking Fund of the city, by which plan, when carried into effect, the city will be enabled to borrow 
something like $14,000,000, which is sorely needed for pressing necessary improvements. 

Through the' Telephone Committee a successful stand has been made for over two years against 
the city granting any more franchises to the Bell Telephone Company, without a radical concession in 
rates, which at present are deemed exhorbitant and unjust. For the future the League will give its 
encouragement to the building of a ship canal between the Raritan Bay and the Delaware, to the deepening 
of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, to the greater utilization of existing canals as freight carriers, to 
the improvement and cheapening of telephone and electric service, to the better paving of streets, to the 
entrance to the city of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and other railroads, to the cheapening of coal tonnage, 
to the encouragement of steamship service between this and other ports, the improvement of our harbor 
and river channels ; in short it will endeavor to do that which in its judgment will inure to the best 
interests of the many, which as individuals alone none could accomplish, and which can only be accom- 
plished by the aggressive, weighty force of combined numbers, working for a common end with unsel- 
fish devotion to a common cause. We have here then in the Trades League, an upbuilding power for 
good results of rare utility. The city which was founded by the gentle Penn by commercial treaty with 
the Indian owners, who said : " We lay a foundation for after ages to understand their liberty, * * * 
for we put the power in the people." The city which first, through its great citizen, Franklin, made 
known to an incredulous world the mysterious power of electricity, now so potent (and which is destined 
in the future to work greater wonders than man has j-et dreamed of), the city which had the first 
academy in America, the first college and hospital, the first public library, first Arctic expedition, the 
first bank, the first insurance company, the first daily paper. The city whose bell in Independence Hall 
proclaimed ' ' liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof, ' ' is the city alone of all others 
which could give birth and sustaining influence to such an organization as the Trades League. No other 
soil, no other environment could nurture it. Therefore, the League and the city are indissolubly united ; 
that which benefits one must benefit the other, and he who cherishes the glorious memories that cluster 
thickly around the city where Washington, Lafayette, Morris, Henry, Franklin, Jefferson, Hamilton, 
Adams, planned and counciled ; where Girard, Dr. Rush, Edgar Thompson, Thomas Scott, George B. 
McClellan, George Gordon Meade, Drexel and Childs lived and died, should also cherish and support 
with all his might and main, that which will best serve to enhance the worth and influence of the city, 
the comfort and well being of its inhabitants, The Trades League of Philadelphia. 



71 



The Philadelphia Bourse. 




The splendid building of the Philadelphia Bourse is at the present time 
rapidh^ assuming material shape, its ponderous iron frame now in 
place being in evidence of the massive and enduring character of the 
entire structure. Mr. George E. Bartol, the president of the organiza- 
tion, engaged in this great work and who originated the idea after a 
stud\' of similar institutions in European cities, has found among the 
business men of the city ample support for the enterprise. The loca- 
tion extending between Fourth and Fifth Streets, above Chestnut, is 
a central point, and was acquired at an outlay of $625,000. 

The Bourse building will be an ornate structure of steel frame, 
fire-proof construction, 350 feet in length by 132 feet in width, and 
probably ten stories in height ; its cost is estimated to be about 
$1,400,000. The great hall of the Bourse will be upon the ground 
floor, and will measure 250 feet in length by 125 feet in width, with a 
height in the centre of over 50 feet. It will be admirably adapted as a meeting place for a large body 
of men. On the ground floor there will also be four handsome banking-rooms, together with tele- 
graph offices and minor offices necessary for the proper handling of business and the comfort of 
members. The market reports of the world will be found there, and ever}^ facility for obtaining infor- 
mation will be afforded. The galleries upon either side of this hall will be utilized as news-rooms and 
reading-rooms ; and it is probable that a large room upon the gallery floor will be used as a comfortable 
lounging-room for the members. This will be a particularly attractive feature to members not residents 
of the city, as it will in effect make it a vast club-house, in which the}' will find physical comforts and 
business advantages. The upper floors, with the exception of the top floor, will be used for office 
purposes and will contain between 300 and 400 offices. The arrangement is such, however, that offices 
can be made larger or smaller, as the partitions will be practically removable at pleasure. 

The basement will contain a restaurant of moderate size, together with several minor features, 
such as a barber shop with bathing facilities, intended to contribute to the usefulness of the building, 
and, in addition, a large room about 130 feet square, for the exhibition of machiner^^ which, at the 
option of the exhibitor, can be shown still or in motion. The entire top floor will also be utilized .for 
exhibition purposes for objects of a lighter character ; and it is believed that these two departments will 
supply a want which has been seriously felt. The number of articles which can be exhibited advan- 
tageously b}^ the persons who manufacture them is almost without limit, and tJie managers of the enter- 
prise are confident that when this feature is thoroughly understood, the applications for space will far 
exceed the supply. 

Without attempting to interfere in strictly trade matters, which will be watched over as hereto- 
fore by existing trade organizations or by sections of the main body connected with special trades 
represented, the board chosen by the members to deal with large questions will confine its attention to 
those matters which are of vital importance to all the business interests of the city, and Philadelphia is 
to be congratulated that at last an organization exists in her midst which will be of a magnitude 
commensurate with her importance and capable of commanding, both at home and abroad, the respect 
which is naturally accorded to an association of vast proportions dealing intelligently and in a dignified 
manner with subjects of great importance. The Bourse has been fortunate in securing the active support 
in its Board of Directors, of men who command both the respect and confidence of the whole 
communit}'. Their names will be honored by future generations as those of men who, loving their citj', 
gave of their time and means with generous measure, to advance its prosperity. 



73 



The Municipal League of Philadelphia. 



By George Burnham, Jr., President. 



^L L The Municipal League is an outgrowth of that spirit of reform in municipal gov- 
-^^^[^'vj^^- '^- ernment which has been stirring in Philadelphia, as in other American 

^Cl|^^s^^;Mi''/Q!i2|l^'^ '^^^'^®' ■^°'^ some years, and which seems at last to be crystallizing unto 
~^^^^^'-^\.\l^^:l^yi/l-'€^-\ definite form. Two salient facts in regard to the government of this, as 
^fe^>:1^^^ '^^^^^^^?T'^ of most other American cities, are now admitted by all, except, perhaps, 
5^/^^^ft ^^k f<i\)/^^9^ those who profit by misrule. Every one sees that our municipal 

^^^5=^ /Mt~^^^^'l«&J W^^^'^Vv government is, generally speaking, antiquated and clumsy in method, 
0^^ m| V ■::"■--- •-: n / m| J^^S^Js^' undtily expensive for the ends attained, and too often tainted with 
^^^ "^M^^cJ^^ y^^^w^^ corruption. In a word, we have not brought civic government into line 
^f"^Vf^%^^^S<*^^''^^^f^^ with our other achievements in this nineteenth centur}'. Of what avail 

f'7^^~_jg^p'^^^^^ is it that we boast of our great railway systems, our manufacturing 
i \i*^VnSNi W\\'* ^^ industries, our newspaper enterprises, our noble charities, if the cities in 
««e>is jS'^Ji'ij^^^&G^-^''^ 'w^ich all these things centre remain atrociously misgoverned ? That we 
^^^^^^^i f-^^s:-^ are misgoverned is the first undisputed fact ; that this is entirely due to 

^(^A/ ' the supineness and neglect of the citizens themselves, as distinguished from the 
professional politician and place hunter, is the other equally indisputable fact. The 
rightful king has abdicated in favor of the clown, and should not now complain if the clown wields 
the sceptre foolishly or tyrannouslj^ 

While these two features of the situation are patent to all , there is not so much unanimitj' as to 
the remedy. The reform mo^-ement, however, has shown in its history a natural evolution in which 
tentative ideas and methods have been replaced by others sounder and more effective. In the earlier 
stages a great popular upheaval was the approved method, but it was soon discovered, even in the rare 
instances where this was successful, that the dethroned bosses speedily returned to power, because 
apathy and neglect quickly stole over the voters who had been onl}' temporarily aroused and left 
unorganized. The next step aimed at more thorough and permanent organization, but also included a 
strong tendency towards centralization. This was the era of the permanent committee. Great strides 
were made during this period, as the committees were composed of earnest men, prominent in the com- 
munity. After a time, however, such committees lost their influence, as was naturallj' to be expected. 
Being self-constituted, and, therefore, responsible only to themselves, they were out of harmony with 
the spirit of American political institutions, and gradually lost their following. While the so-called 
rings and combines among the politicians are in reality also self-constituted committees, they are careful 
to preserve the form of representative bodies, and are duly "elected " by " delegates" in whose selection 
the party voter is supposed to have a voice. Without this sham adherence to the representative prin- 
ciple, so dear to the American heart, albeit it is a pretence that deceives no one ; such combines and 
rings could not maintain themselves one hour. 

The Municipal League represents the third, though, possibl}', by no means the last, step in this 
forward progress of the reform idea. It recognizes that better civic government can neither be instituted 
nor maintained unless the citizens generally are first shown that their political duties must receive a 
proper share of their time, attention and means ; and, secondly, that they then organize themselves in an 
intelligent manner for this purpose. It believes that the citizens are to be trusted, not distrusted, and 
that if they are shown the way to keep bossism under foot they will do so. To accomplish this great 
work, it has adopted a comprehensive scheme of Ward and Division organization, thoroughly demo- 
cratic and representative in character, but carefully guarded as to the maintenance of its political 
principles, which is already in operation in several wards, and has conducted successful campaigns for 
members of councils. 

74 



Hand in hand with this practical organization, the League has carried on the educational work 
provided for in its constitution, and has issued circulars and tracts exposing the evils of misgovernment 
in our city, and indicating the remedy. The Declaration of Principles adopted by the League provides : 

1. The absolute separation of municipal from national and state politics. 

2. Demand for city government on business principles. Improved system of taxation, street 
paving, lighting, water supply, transit, etc. 

3. Pledge to nominate or endorse only candidates believed to be honest and capable, and in 
sympathy with the declared principles of the League. 

4. Civil service reform rigoroubly applied to city departments. 

5. Investigation of municipal government and publication of results. 

The officers of the League are: George Burnham, Jr., President; Charles Richardson, Vice- 
President; Thomas B. Prichett, Recording Secretary : Clinton Rogers Woodruff, Corresponding Secretary 
and Treasurer : Finley Acker, Herbert Welsh, Stuart Wood, William Draper Lewis, Henry Gawthrop, 
Dr. John B. Roberts, Rev. William I. Nichols, John P. Croasdale, Alfred R. Justice, Theodore Wem- 
wag, Ebed S. Cook, B. Frank Clapp, William H. Haines, Thomas Martindale, George E. Mapes, 
Dr. S. D. McConnell, George Gluyas Mercer, Hector Mcintosh, Rev. Joseph Ma}^ H. Gordon McCouch, 
Frank P. Prichard, Prof. Edmund J. James, D. Webster Dougherty, E. Clinton Rhoads, R. Francis 
Wood, Craige D. Ritchie, Lincoln L. Eyre, J. S. Sterrett, Harry Swain, Board of Managers. 



The Philadelphia Board of Trade. 

By Frederick Fraley, Esq., President. 

This organization of active business men was 
incorporated in the year 1838, although first 
organized some five years before, and has, through 
manj' channels of influence and efforts been a 
leading factor in the progress of the material 
interests of the City of Philadelphia to the present 
time. The writer is the onh- sur\'iving member 
of the original list at the time of incorporation. 
Similar Boards of Trade now exist in nearly 
every city of importance in the country^ These 
together form the National Board of Trade, in 
which the Philadelphia organization is an influ- 
tutial member These associations are of a mixed character. In a general 
f- f'""" '-j^P' way many devote themselves to deliberation and consideration of the 
great questions of the day, either in open session or by committees, 
and they develop their work in resolutions appropriate to the objects examined, or in petitions to 
legislative bodies that control the management and work of the community at large. There are 
others, partially deliberative and partially devoted to dealing, and these constitute a very large 
proportion of those that now exist in the United States. Their dealings are enormous. They trade 
with keen and active men ; day by day, indeed hour by hour, they work, and the record of what they 
accomplish is presented to the country in the reports which they annually make to their respective 
bodies, and which they freely circulate among the institutions cognate to their own. 

Mr. Thomas P. Cope was the first President of the Philadelphia Board of Trade, and the chair 
was occupied in turn by Mr. Thomas P. Hoopes, Mr. Samuel C. Morton, Mr. John Welsh, all broad 
minded and progressive citizens well-known in all public movements of their times. The Board of 
Trade now occupies agreeable quarters in the Drexel Building, and demonstrates by its activity in the many 
lines of public advance that its vitality as a body is still unimpaired. The officers for the present year 
are as follows : President, Frederick Fraley ; First Vice-President, T. ]Mon-is Perot ; Second \'ice- 
President, Thomas L. Gillespie; Third Vice-President, John H. Michener ; Fourth Vice-President, 
N. Parker Shortridge ; Secretary, William R. Tucker; Treasurer, Richard Wood- 

75 




The Commercial Exchange. 




By LiNcoi,N K. Passmore, President. 



The Commercial Exchange, of Philadelphia, was organized about 
forty years ago under the title of ' ' The Corn Exchange Asso- 
ciation," with General William B. Thomas as the first President. 
The general object of the Association was the advancement of 
trade and the improvement of the facilities for the transaction of 
business, including the provision and maintenance of suitable 
accommodations for a general business exchange in the City of 
Philadelphia ; the inculcation of just and equitable principles in 
trade ; the establishment of uniformity in commercial usages ; 
the acquirement, dissemination and preservation of valuable 
information ; and the adjustment of controversies between its 
members by arbitration. The present membership approximates 
500, comprising a large proportion of the names most prominently 
connected with the business interests of the cit}' ; those actively 
engaged in handling grain, flour, provisions and general produce, both for domestic and export use, 
being more largely represented, whilst the leading corporations and banking institutions are to be found 
included in the number. 

Under Act of Assembly, approved January 22, 1863, the Corn Exchange Association was created 
a corporate bodj^ and four years later, by application to the Judges of the Court of Quarter Sessions, 
the original title Avas changed to the existing more general one, with a view of meeting the widened 
sphere of the Association's influence and usefulness. About this period the members of the Exchange 
entered upon the occupancy of their present commodious quarters at 133 South Second Street. The 
building is a substantial structure, designed from a useful rather than a showy standpoint. The lower 
floors consist of a number of well-appointed offices, whilst the entire area of the spacious upper chamber, 
about 100 feet square, well lighted on all sides, and capable of accommodating 4,000 to 5,000 people 
in mass meeting, is devoted to the purposes of exchange business, the official hours being from 10.30 
A. M. until 2.30 p. M. On the " floor " are to be found general cable and telegraph offices, well-equipped 
and having direct wires not only to all the principal American markets, with which special facilities 
exist for obtaining quotations, etc., but also with the foreign business centres of the world, and the 
monetary market changes are immediately recorded on huge blackboards provided for the purpose. 
The telephohe service is taken advantage of by nearh^ all the offices, several being fitted up with the 
"long-distance," and direct oral communication is thus established with New York, Baltimore, and 
even far-distant Chicago. Visitors are admitted at convenient hours, without formalities, on application 
to the proper officers. 

The site of the present home of the Commercial Exchange possesses a certain historical interest, 
for it was there that formerly stood the residence of William Penn, which was removed for the erection 
of the present building ; and it was, perhaps, but fitting that, since the unsparing hand of time demanded 
the removal of that venerated structure, its place should be taken by the premises of an organization 
whose aims and principles, and the success that has attended their propagation, would have filled the heart 
of the founder of the city with the greatest satisfaction. Could only the immortal Penn revisit the scene 
of his former peaceful abode and witness the daily course of business as transacted under its present 
roof, it is to be doubted whether e\'en he, man of marvellous foresight as he unquestionably was, and 
possessed of the most sanguine beliefs in the possibilities of the future, would not be filled with awe 
and wonder at the sight of one of the results of the work which his own prodigiotis energy instituted. 
Without disparagement to the many sister institutions in the city, it may fairly be asserted that 
the Commercial Exchange has for many years past, been recognized as the leading commercial body of 



76 



Philadelphia, and has played a most important part in all her business enterprises. Whilst naturally 
more immediately concerned with the furtherance and development of the trade and commerce of the 
port, it has not been unmindful of what it owed to the community at large, and has always been found 
giving the aid of its influence to all movements which aimed at improvements and conveniences in the 
interest of the general body of our citizens ; and its charitable hand has been generously extended 
whenever sister cities or communities have suffered from calamity of fire, flood or famine. Among the 
more important matters that have recently engaged or are occupying the attention of its Board of 
Direction may be cited the establishment of the Belt Line Railroad ; negotiations with the transportation 
companies feeding the city, with the object of securing equitable conditions for competition with other 
cities ; the improvement of the general transit facilities of Philadelphia ; the establishment of National 
Quarantine, and the improvement of the Delaware River and Harbor. 

It may be added in conclusion that the Presidential chair of the Exchange has been filled by 
many of our leading citizens, and is at present occupied by Mr. Lincoln K. Passmore, who was 
re-elected irom 1892, with Mr. A. C. Kerr as Vice-President and Mr. E. G. Thomas as Treasurer. 
Colonel C. Ross Smith has for many vears filled the important position of Secretary. 




A DELAWARE RIVER PILOT BOAT. 



^ 



mi 

'"'5' 




OLD MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, NOW OFFICES OF THE MARITIME EXCHANGE. 

The Philadelphia Maritime Exchange. 



By George E. Earnshaw, President. 



This Exchange was founded in March, 1875, by business men specially interested in the maritime 
commerce of the port. It was felt that in these modern days of telegraph, cables and rapid ocean 
transit Philadelphia must make an effort if she would keep pace with the times, and maintain her 



position as a great shipping port. The object of the Exchange, as stated in her charter, is 
and regulate a suitable room or rooms for a Maritime Exchange, to 
acquire, preserve and disseminate all maritime and other business infor- 
mation, and to do such other and lawful acts as will tend to promote and 
encourage the trade and commerce of the Port of Philadelphia." 

The most pressing need was to acquire maritime information, 
more particularly as to the movements of vessels entering and leaving 
the Delaware Bay and River. For this purpose reporting stations were 
established and are maintained by the Exchange on Delaware Break- 
water, at New Castle, Del., and at Thurlow, Pa. The station on Dela- 
ware Breakwater is probably the best and most thoroughly equipped on 
the coast. The cost of its maintenance, however, is at times a severe 
strain on the finances of the Exchange, on account of the telegraph 
cable connecting the station with the mainland being damaged or 
broken in stormy weather by small vessels that have taken refuge behind 
the breakwater dragging their anchors. A watch is maintained night 
and day, and it is seldom, if ever, that the skilled obsen-ers employed 

78 



to provide 





MARITIME EXCHANGE AT DELAWARE BREAKWATER. 
From a sketch made in 1890 

fail to distinguish and report any vessel entering or leaving the ba}'. The news is flashed to the 
Exchange by direct wire, and within a minute or two is exhibited on the bulletin board for the informa- 
tion of members. 

Delaware Breakwater is 103 miles from Philadelphia ; Newcastle, 33 miles and Thurlow 17 miles. 
Passing vessels are reported from each of these stations, which is an invaluable aid to agents and others 
who have to make arrangements for the reception of incoming vessels. The Exchange also maintains 
a branch office at Lewes, Del., which is connected by telephone with all the life-saving stations from 
Cape Henlopen to Cape Charles. News of wrecks and casualties is therefore promptly received and 
disseminated for public information. An interchange of news with kindred institutions in other ports 
keeps members posted in all matters of interest, and disseminates the news from the stations as well as 
that gathered along the docks and wharves of this city by the Exchange reporters . 

The Exchange does not fail to carry out the secondary object of its charter, viz. : " To do such acts 
as will tend to promote and encourage the trade and commerce of the port." It alwa3'S is alert to watch 
and influence legislation affecting maritime interests, and as it never has any other axe to grind, its 
thoroughly representati-\-e character is known and respected both at Harrisburg and Washington. If the 
business community realized what a large factor the Exchange is in promoting the general prosperity of 
the cit}-, more of those who ha^^e no direct interest in maritime matters would give it their support, and 
thus enable it to increase its usefulness. 



79 



Building Interests. 




By Franklin M. Harris, Builder. 



AN UP-TOWN DOORWAY. 



For nearly a decade, Philadelphia has been witnessing build- 
ing operations in her midst, averaging in round numbers 9,000 
a 3'ear at an average cost of more than $23,000,000. Less than 
one in six of these operations were alterations or enlargements. 
A vast amount of public, charitable, scientific, commer- 
cial and railroad and steamboat work has been done. But the 
great bulk of all the work has gone in the direction of work- 
shops, mills, factories, foundries, warehouses and stores, 
and then into homes for the people ; of the latter alone, 
it is roughly estimated, there are, in this year 1892, 
nearly 200,000 two, three and four stories high > occupied 
separately by single families. The approximate total of 
all buildings in the city is 250,000, against a total of 
about 130,000 in New York where the number of resi- 
dent owners is estimated at only 13,000. These figures 
may be better understood when it is explained that New 
York, which has a population of nearly 2,000,000, has 
less than half the area of Philadelphia which has a popu- 
lation of considerably more than 1,000,000. 

Its wide boundaries have had much to do with 
Philadelphia's development as a "City of Homes," and the settlement here of multifarious industries in 
some of which, as in the carpet trade, she leads the manufacturing world, has inspired her builders to 
greater achievements as much in the matter of mill and ofiice construction as in the building of homes. 
The antiquated structures of the illustrious old residents have been rapidly disappearing from the 
business thoroughfares ; country seats have given ^ , . . ■,,., 

way to rows of cosy houses and high and costly piles 
of brick, and iron, and granite and marble have been 
introduced in the finest and most imposing styles of 
modern architecture. Not dwellings and manufac- 
turies only, but hospitals, churches and club houses 
have been making their appearance in great profusion, 
and in such beauty and symmetry of proportion as to 
win the encomiums of visitors from every country. 

In 1892 there were 10,235 operations co.sting 
exclusive of land, $34,357,646, of which 6,856 were 
dwellings costing $16,865,200. When one pauses to 
consider that Philadelphia has over 1,150 miles of 
streets of which probably 800 miles are paved ; that 
she has about 400 miles of sewers, and over 26,000 
gas lamps in addition to electric lights, with numer- 
ous public squares and parks, an additional reason 
for extensive building presents itself. 

There has been no retrogression in this phase 
of Philadelphia's development, the march of pro- 




80 



A WEST PHILADELPHIA STAIRWAY. 




RESIDENCE NEAR 49TH ST. STATION, W. PHILADELPHIA. 



gress lias been steady in the quantity of work 
done, as well as in the methods of construction 
employed, and public and private enterprise, the 
former sometimes hampered by a low tax-rate, 
have gone hand in hand to the metes and bounds 
of the city's great area. 

Credit is due to capitalists, business men and 
philanthropists for this expansion of building and 
building ideas, but the city itself is not to be 
omitted from the roll of those to whom the praise 
should be given. She has set many an example 
in architectural finish and structural durability 
that might be followed with profit in other cities. 
Her spirit of progressiveness has manifested 
itself in the construction of a City Hall, which 
up to the present time has cost $15,000,000 and 
which, when finished, will be without its equal 
in the United States. Her spirit is also shown in the standard of excellence maintained for her 
225 school houses, her 60 or more police and fire houses, and in her gas houses and water works. 
She has endeavored to keep up with the enterprise of her citizens ; she has encouraged the right 
kind of building ; she has witnessed the disappearance of old and dilapidated structures ; she has 
prohibited the construction of frame or other dangerous or inflammable buildings, and in all that 
pertains to domestic and public convenience, in homes or in business places, Philadelphia is keep- 
ing abreast of the times. 

The comfort and beauty of Philadelphia dwellings are exceeded only by the size and style 
of its many business blocks. Philadelphia architects, like Philadelphia lawyers, have standing in every 
community ; many buildings in Philadelphia have made the designers world famous. 

In the matter of homes Philadelphia leads all cities in the land. The home of seven rooms, that 
may be rented for $15.00 a month contains every necessary convenience found in mansions costing 
fortunes. Over 121,000 citizens own land. 

For example : A plot of grass in front and a bit of clay in the rear of his two story brick house 
gives play room to the workingman's children ; the cemented cellar keeps its contents pure and 
dry ; the cosy bath room insures cleanliness and health ; the numerous closets, the stationary stands, 
sinks, book-cases and wardrobes help furnish the house, and the little range in the kitchen completes 
the home that even the most lowly Philadelphian may reasonably hope to own. 

The following statistic.-s, covering a period of ten years, give conclusive proof of the activity 
of Philadelphia's builders and justifies Philadelphia's claim for the first place in the American 
building world. 



NUMBER OF NEW 
BUILDINGS ERECTED. 



883 
884 
885 

886 
887 
888 
889 
890 
891 
892 



4.390 
4.938 
6,326 
7.561 
6,784 
8,262 
10,250 
10,136 

6.738 
7,611 



ESTIMATED 
COST. 

^10,004,719 

11,217,614 

13,929,274 

16,821,516 

23.787.320 

27,790,816 

31,276,739 

33,830,046 

24,115,870 

29,109,646 



ALTERATIONS TO 
OLD BUILDINGS. 

1,566 

1.524 
1,638 

1.639 
1.309 
I.47I 
1,646 
1,811 
2,297 
2,624 



ESTIMATED 
COST. 

$721,512 

513.827 

964,728 

827,445 

528,100 

574.638 

924,916 

1.224,317 

3,445,500 

5,248,000 



Real Estate Holdings and Valuations. 




By John N. Gallagher, Publisher, 

Real Estate Record. 



Any industrious and frugal workingman living in Philadelphia may 
become a house owner if he desires, although to the outsider, who under- 
stands few, if any, of our many advantages, this statement will seem far 
fetched. 

Philadelphia was certainly intended hy nature for the great, thrift}^ 
manufacturing city it is. Controlled by no special influence, unless by 
its proximity to the anthracite coal fields, there are centered here the 
largest as well as the most ^'aried assortment of manufacturing industries 
to be found in any city in the world. That such a \'ariety of shops and 
fomidries, mills and factories should be associated with the idea of a 
rough and turbulent population is not strange. Indeed, the experience 
of most cities justifies such conclusions ; but here the contrary is the fact, 
owing to the wide distribution of real estate holdings among the working 
people; the influence from this condition of things being as distinctly 
marked among them as among the rich or higher classes ani-^vhere. 

With an area of one hundred and t\vent3'-nine and a half square 
miles, or about three thousand six hundred and ten square feet of land to 
each inhabitant, it affords each person a liberty of mo^-ement as well as a 
standard of hygienic advantages obtainable in few large cities. 

The cheapness of land in the resident districts has promoted a system of dwellings particularly 
well adapted to the uses of the workers, who mainly make up the population. The number of these 
dwellings that have been built since the 
first of January', 1887, is simply enor- 
mous, as the following figures will show : 



MODEL PHIL.^DELPHIA HOUSE. 

Exhibited at the World's Columbian 

Expositiou, 1S93. 



I8S7 


Two-ston,' dwellings . . 


4.951 


1887 


Three-story dwellings . . 


1,700 


1888 


T\\'o-story dwellings . . 


5,589 


1888 


Three-story dwellings . . 


1,428 


1889, 


Two-story dwellings . . 


7>45o 


1889, 


Three-story dwellings . . 


1,992 


1890, 


Two-stor\f dwellings . . 


7>30i 


1890, 


Three-stors'' dwellings . . 


1.958 


I89I, 


Two -story dwellings . . 


4.632 


I89I, 


Three-storj^ dwellings . . 


1.343 


1893, 


Two-story dwellings . . 


3,881 


1893. 


Three-story dwellings . . 


1.737 




Total 


50,288 



Thus we find that in eighty-four 
months, preceding the first of January, 
1894, there were erected accom- 
modations for 50,288 families of five 
persons, making the single famil)^ system 
possible as well as practicable. In fact, 




82 FLOOR PLANS— MODEL PHILADELPHIA HOUSE. 
World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. 




RESIDENCE AT BROAD STREET AND GIRARD AVENUE. 



it would be difficult to anticipate a 
combination of circumstances that 
could force the people to accept the 
tenement house method of other 
cities. While many of these dwell- 
ings are in the hands of capitalists 
as investments, they have also been 
largely purchased by the wage 
earners for homes. An important 
fact pointing to such a conclusion, 
were better and more conclusive 
evidence wanting, is the great 
shrinkage in the deposits in the 
savings fund institutions. 

In order that the reader more 
clearly comprehends the trend of 
popular sentiment for real estate, 
the following table of conveyances 
is given : 



TRANSFERS. 


PURCHASE VALUATION. 




TRANSFERS. 


PURCHASE VALUATION 


12,679 . . 


. . $62,663,201.87 


1890 . . 


• • 15,571 • • 


. . $82,879,165.22 


15.945 • • 


. . 80,225,270.88 


I89I . . 


. . 14,204 . . 


. . 71,875,876.33 



1889 . . . 

A total of 58,399 transfers, amounting to $297,643,514.30. The total incumbrance on the above was 
32.65 per cent., 21.15 per cent, being represented by mortgage, while the ground rent incumbrance 
amounted to 1 1.5 per cent. 

Of course, the above table embraces all kinds of property : sites for building operations, mills, 
factories, and other industrial and business buildings, yet the preponderance is largely dwellings. 
The greater portion of the incumbrances is represented by the operations of builders to secure advances, 
and the usually heavy percentages associated with large properties used for business purposes. It is 
believed that the holdings used as homes do not carry an average incumbrance of ten per cent. Besides 
the heavy showing of dwelling house construction during the eighty-four months to which reference has 
been made, thousands of massive buildings have been erected to meet the requirements of this busy 
city. These miscellaneous buildings represent an investment of $34,754,686, and include ninety-nine 
churches, costing $4,255,000; banks and office buildings (over two 
stories), costing $9, 191,705 ; forty-four school houses, costing $2, 444, 950; 
mills and factories, $7,681,537 ; foundries and shops, $5,178,738; and 
hospitals, $997,000. 

In numbers Philadelphia shows for the five years ending with 
December 31, 1891, the erection of 24,173 more new buildings — the 
figures in all cases being official — than New York; 5,162 more than 
New York, Boston and Baltimore combined, and 4,062 more than New 
York and Brookhni combined. The official figures for Chicago could 
not be obtained ; 4,664 was given for 1890, and n,6o8 for 1891, which is 
after consolidation, and includes the whole of Cook county with its one 
hundred and thirty-four post office towns against thirty-seven for Phila- 
delphia city and county. The a^•erage cost of the above buildings was : 
New York, $17,509.58 each; Boston, $6,548.67 ; Brooklyn, $4,886.40 ; 
Philadelphia, $3,338.88. 

The opportunities for the wage earners of this city to acquire real 
estate is over five to one against those of New York, outside of even 
collateral influences, such as the force of example, the application of 




TWIN HOUSES— A MODERN TYPE. 




From Harper's Weekly. Copyright i8gi by Harper Si Bros. 



TYPICAI. PHILADELPHIA HOMES. 

1. Lots 17 X 40, seven rooms and bath. Ten minute.? by steam from centre of the city. Rent, S2,Vco per month. 

2. Part of a block of forty houses, six to eight rooms, all conveniences. Rent, $12.00 to $20.00 per month. 

rentals as purchase morie}', instalment mortgages, building and loan associations, life insurance as 
security for purchase money, and hundreds of other schemes, good and bad, aiming to make e^^er^' man 
and woman a real estate owner. 

The two-story dwellings of this city are, beyond all question, the best, as a system, not only 
owing to the single family idea they represent, but because their cost is within the reach of all who 
desire to own their own homes. They have done more to elevate and to make a better home life than 
any other known influence. They typify a higher civilization, as well as a truer idea of American home 
life, and are better, purer, sweeter than any tenement house system that ever existed. They are what make 
Philadelphia a city of homes, and command the attention of visitors from every quarter of the globe. 



From the valuable report of the Pennsylvania Tax Conference, of which Mr. Joseph D. Weeks, a noted 
statistician resident in Pittsburg is the chairman, a large number of interesting facts relating to Phila- 
delphia are now to be gleaned, among which the following salient points are selected : 

The assessed valuation of all real estate in the City of Philadelphia is $732,300,892. The actual 
valuation, as based upon the selling price, is $1,003,252,220, which is nearly one-third of the real estate 
value of the entire State. The city's percentage of assessed to actual valuation is 73, against an average 
of 64}^ in sixty-seven counties . In the county of Philadelphia the assessed valuation at the farm rate 
was $18,557,690, as against $25,424,034 of actual valuation; the assessed suburban rate valuation was 
$41,407,641, as against $56,728,468 of actual valuation, and the assessed valuation at the city rate was 
$672,335,561, as against $921,099,718 actual valuation. These three classes together make the total 
assessed and actual valuations heretofore given. The percentage of improvements is 64 per cent, of the 
value of both land and improvements. The value of agricultural land within the city limits is 
$21,610,429, which is exceeded by only eight counties in the State. The value of land devoted to 
manufacturing purposes is $100,000,000, and the factories thereon are rated as worth $200,000,000. 
There are within the city confines public property used for public purposes, places of religious worship, 
places of burial, and institutions of public charity exempted from taxation, valued at $137,906,691, in 
which the churches and hospitals are valued at $68,600,635, city property (exclusive of schools), 
$52,603,296, and schools, $8,905,000. The value of property belonging to the general government in 
the city is $6,427,760. 

84 



Building Societies. 



8y Addison B. Burk, Assistant Managing Bditor, 

Public Ledger. 




Philadelphia will always remain the "City of Brotherly 
lyOve " — that is its main characteristic. Two other titles 
have been bestowed upon it, but it has outlived one, that 
of the "Quaker City," and is yearly extending its claim 
to the other, that of the "City of Homes." The census 
returns show that it has substantially a dwelling house for 
each family residing within its borders. There is no other 
city in the world with a million or more inhabitants that can 
lay claiin to any such distinction. Various causes have 
combined to encourage the building of a separate house for 
each family, but they cannot well be understood by strangers 
without a brief historical description of the growth of the 
city. The greater part of the city lies on a neck of land 
bounded by two large rivers, the Delaware and Schuylkill. 
In addition to the city proper, as laid out by William Penn, 
numerous other villages, following generallj^ the plan of the 
streets laid out by Penn, were built within the county limits. 
These gradually met each other in the process of growth, 
until they formed a compactly built citj^ and were then 
consolidated under one city government. The country 
roads which once connected these different settlements 
naturally developed into the main streets of the villages 
they traversed, and ultimately became business streets of 
the consolidated city. Although the lines of old settlements 
have long since been obliterated, even a stranger in the com- 
pactly built city could almost mark their centres by the 
clusters of stores ; and indeed Philadelphia covers such a large 
area that socially and in a business point of view it still partakes of the character of a cluster of settlements. 
One of the great thoroughfares — Second Street — is lined on both sides for a distance of at least five 
miles with stores and shops, above which are dwellings. Ridge Road or Avenue, Lancaster Avenue, 
Passyunk Road, Girard and Columbia Avenues are also great business streets, outside of the limits of 
what are generally called the business parts of the city, the neighborhood of Market, Chestnut and 
Arch Streets. Very early in the history of the city it was laid out in blocks, with what were then 
considered broad streets, the blocks themselves were divided into building lots large enough to be 
within the reach of people of moderate means ; and large blocks, or squares, were set apart for parks 
or breathing places. But more important than all this, the building lots were sold on ground rent. 
It was a sale in fee simple, the former owner simply reserving to himself a rent out of the property. 
The buyer became in fact the owner in fee simple of the lot, but, in consideration of not paying for it in 
cash, agreed to pay so much rent per annum, and this rent was almost invariably 6 per cent, interest on 
the assumed value of the lot. This was the foundation upon which the " City of Homes " was built. 
Under it very poor men were enabled to acquire title to a lot of ground on which to erect a homestead, 
however humble it might be. They were secure against eviction so long as they paid the very modest 
rent for their lot, and all increase of value which the growth of the city or their own labor put upon 
their property went to them. The same system of ground rents prevailed in all the settlements now 



' PLACE OF TWO and THREESTORY 
COTT.AGE HOMES. 
Copyright Harper & Bros. 



85 



comprising the City of Philadelphia. There was a wide distribution of propert}^ and as most heads of 
families owned their houses and lots, there was little demand or need for apartment houses, and few- 
were built. Every house, whether large or small, was built for the accommodation of only one family. 
The custom was soon fairly established, and even when property had advanced in value so that it became 
more and more difficult for the poorer and more improvident people to own their own homes, and rented 
dwellings had to be provided for them, fashion, habit or prejudice still impelled each family to have its 
own dwelling complete in itself More than a hundred years before building and loan associations had 
been established in Philadelphia, before the days of co-operation, Philadelphia was a city of homes, 
made so primarily by the ground rent system, and kept so by the force of local custom. 

The o-eneral plan of Philadelphia dwelling houses is also due to the fact that, being built to a 
great extent by people of small means, they were made at first no larger than necessity required and 
were gradually extended as the means of the owner permitted, and as the size of the family increased. 
The distinctive feature of the Philadelphia dwelling for persons of small means is that, whether large 
or small, it is well lighted, well aired and admits of a decent living. Every room in the house receives 
light and air from windows opening on the street or on the yard. Each room, except perhaps the 
kitchen, is entirely separate from all others ; that is to say, the occupants may pass by entry ways 
direct from the street to any room in the house, without passing through other rooms. Each house is 
also provided with a yard or garden, and these grouped together in the centre of a block, form a broad 
open space common to all the houses above the six feet fence line, while each yard is, nevertheless, the 
exclusive adjunct of the house to which it is attached. The greater portion of the dwellings are also 
provided with bath-rooms, supplied from the city works. The plan developed by experience and not the 
work of any one architect, is so good and compact that on lots 14 or 15 feet front by 50 deep, comfortable 
dwellings, with 144 square feet of yard space, and containing from six to eight rooms, are erected and 
supplied with the essential conveniences of the best modern dwellings. As a rule, however, the lots 
are from 16 to 18 feet in frontage, and from 60 to 100 feet in depth. 

The great bulk of Philadelphia's dwelling houses range in value, including lot, from $1000 to 
$3000. There are of course a large number ranging in value from $5000 to I75CO, and for the latter 
sum a house can be bought fitted for the home of a well-to-do merchant. When building societies 
were introduced in Philadelphia fifty years ago, they simply found a congenial soil and flourished on 
that account. They did not create though they have stimulated the desire for ownership of houses, and 
at a time when sales of lots on ground rent were less common than formerly, they provided a ready 
means for poor people to obtain homes of their own. It is an old story that the term building society 
IS a misnomer, and that Philadelphia building societies are really co-operative savings funds and 
loan associations. 

The system in the simpler forms may be made plain in this way. One hundred men, each able 
to save one dollar a month, agree, in order to strengthen each other in their purpose to save, to put 
their money together at fixed periods and lock it up in a strong box until each shall have accumulated 
$200. It is easy enough to see that if each man is prompt in his payments, the strong box will be 
ready to be opened for a division of the savings at the end of 200 months. If each monthly payment 
stands for a share of stock, then each share will be worth $200 at the end of 200 months. 

But we will suppose that as soon as this agreement has been entered into by which the 100 men 
come together monthly and put a dollar each into a common fund, one of the members suggests that 
instead of allowing the money to lie idle in the box they had better put it out at interest as they 
gather it each month, putting the securities for its return into the box and the interest also as fast as 
earned. At a glance the other members see that, by acting on this suggestion, they will accumu- 
late the $200 on each share in less than 200 months, perhaps in 180 months, when they will have 
paid only $180 each. The suggestion is adopted, and now we have a purely co-operative savings fund 
with only one distinguishing feature, and that one of great value — the savings are compulsory, and 
made at stated periods. The member does not lay aside in this fund his spare cash as humor to save 
prompts him, but enters into an obligation to pay so much per month. Now, you have in this scheme 
as thus far developed, the essential features of our so-called building and loan associations. The other 
branches of business in which they engage, although they give character and name to the societies, 

86 



are really incidental to the accomplishment of the one grand purpose, that of saving monej' by- 
co-operation and by compulsory payment into the treasury. 

The first problem that presents itself to the directors is, how to use the money collected the 
first month. The purpose of the society will be destroyed if the money is not safely invested. Shall it 
be put in Government bonds at a low rate of interest or invested in bond and mortgage, with real 
estate security, at a high rate ? If the latter course is adopted, to whom shall it be loaned? John 
Smith who is not a member of the society desires to borrow, but so also does Peter Brown, who is a 
member. If the society should lend to Peter Brown, it will have security additional to that represented by 
his bond and mortgage — in his stock, growing in value month by month. To get this additional security 
for all the money it lends, and at the same time secure a higher rate of interest for its money than could 
be obtained from Government bonds, the society determines to lend only to its members. Now it 
appears that other members besides Peter Brown want to borrow the first month's collections. How 
shall it be decided between them? Obviously, the fairest plan is to let them bid one against the other, 
and lend it to the man who is willing to give the highest premium over and above the fixed or legal rate 
of interest. This course is adopted, and the society finds itself in possession of two sources of profit, 
interest on loans to its own members and premiums for the prior use of money collected. It is manifest 
now that instead of requiring 200 or 180 months in which to accumulate in a strong box enough 
money and securities to divide $200 per share, it will only take say 160 months. 

In the course of time, some one of the members fails to pay his instalment. If this should be 
permitted it is manifest that the member withholding his deposit and depriving the society of its use 
will, in the end, have an advantage over his fellow members. To check this a fine is imposed when 
instalments are delayed, so that the fine may serve as a penalty as well as reimburse the society for 
the loss of the use of the money. Another member finds that he cannot keep up his payments, 
or he desires to move to another part of the country. To accommodate him, the society agrees to open 
its strong box before the appointed time, give him what he has paid in, with some portion of the profit 
already accumulated, and cancel his stock. Now it is seen that there are, besides interest, three 
sources of profit, namely : Premiums arising from competition for the loans, penalties for non-payment 
of dues, and a portion of the profits withheld from members who fail to remain in the association, and 
whose stock is canceled. And so the features of a Philadelphia building society are developed. 

At last, somewhere between the tenth and the eleventh years, when from $120 to $132 have been 
paid in on each share, the strong box is found to contain securities or money sufiicient to divide to 
all the shares, of the borrowers and the non-borrowers, $200 each. The time has come for the society 
to be " wound up," technically speaking. Each holder of an unborrowed or free share gets $200 in 
cash. Each borrower is entitled to $200, but he owes $200, for which the society holds his bond and 
mortgage, so the account is squared by the cancellation of the mortgage. The society thus described 
is a single series society. Stock is now issued in series, but the principle remains the same. The 
series are treated as partners with interests in a business common to all, proportioned to their invest- 
ments and the times for which the investments have been made. 

Eor many years building societies had no competitors in loaning money for the purchase of 
houses. As money became cheaper capitalists began to compete, and at the present day one can 
borrow from individuals money on instalment mortgages so framed that the conditions and results 
to the borrower are substantially the same as though he had become a member of and borrowed from 
a building society. This condition will only last, however, as long as money is cheap. A capitalist 
will not lend on such favorable terms unless forced to do so by the market conditions. 

Complete statistics respecting building societies are not attainable. It is known, however, 
that the State contains at least 1400 societies, and that about 450 have their offices in Philadelphia. 
If they have an average of 1000 shares and 200 members each, and the shares of stock have an average 
value of $90, then the 1400 societies have 280,000 members and $126,000,000 of assets. There is no 
doubt that Philadelphia has at all times fully $40,000,000 invested in building societies and that the 
members put away nearly $5,000,000 annually in these compulsory savings funds. Nearly all of 
these savings are ultimately invested in little homes and that is why the builders of Philadelphia 
erect many thousands of small houses every year. 

87 



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^ 



ON CHESTNUT STREET. 



►ome Comparisons. 



Population is massing in large industrial centers ; the size of the family is decreasing, but the number 
of dwellings has increased during the decade at a rate relatively greater than the population. First, as 
to the surprising growth of urban population : The Eleventh Census has established the fact that from a 
country in which about 3 per cent, of the population were dwellers in towns of 8,000 inhabitants and 
upward, we have developed into a vast industrial nation in which nearly 30 per cent, of the population 
is concentrated in places of over 8,000 inhabitants ; over 36 per cent, ii places of 2,500 ; or, if the limit 
is extended down to small towns and villages of 1,000 and upward, therein may be found about 42 per 
cent, of the population. To ascertain the effect of this concentration of population upon the occupa- 
tions, the health, the mental and moral conditions, the material welfare, and the future of the people 
of the United States, is one of the most interesting and important problems of the age. , 

While the tendency in many of our large cities is to mass population in tenement houses, the 
returns for the country show a satisfactory diminution of the number of persons to a dwelling from 5.94 
in 1850 to 5.60 in 1880 and 5.45 in 1890. It has been said often that Philadelphia is the most American 
large city in the Union. In the matter of homes this is certainly true. While 83)^ percent, of the 
population of New York City live over 10 to a dwelling, onl}' 12 3/; per cent, of the population of Phil- 
adelphia are found over 10 to a dwelling, and Sjj/^ per cent, in dwellings having less than 10. In this 
remarkable city of homes over 95 }4 per cent, of dwellings contain less than 10 persons, and less than 4^2 
per cent. more. The other city of over a million inhabitants, Chicago, is about evenly divided between 
the two classes of dwellings. In New York nearly 29 per cent, of the dwellings contain more than 20 
persons to each dwelling, and 66^ per cent, of the population there live over 20 to a dwelling. 

The average size of families in 1890 in seven of our largest cities is as follows : Philadelphia, 

■5.10; Baltimore, 5.01; Boston, 5.00; Chicago, 4.99; St. Louis, 4.92; New York, 4. 84; Brooklyn, 

4.72. In the case of Philadelphia, this shows an excess over the general average of the entire country 

(4.93) of above 3 per cent. 

88 



The Builders' Exchange. 



By William W. Morgan. 




EXCHANGE ROOM. 



Among the numerous bodies representative of special interests in the 
City of Philadelphia, there is probably not one that has so fully proven the 
wisdom and forethought of its projectors as the Master Builders' Exchange- 
The organization was first publicly proposed at a meeting of the 
Master Plasterers' Association on June 7, 18S6. At that time the 
employing, or master mechanics, in the various building trades, owing to 
labor agitations and other questions affecting contracts, found themselves 
very frequently working at cross purposes, and as a result, the feeling 
was gaining ground that something must be done for their mutual pro- 
tection. When, therefore, the matter of forming an organization assumed 
shape in the Master Plasterers' Company, it received a flattering affirmative response from representative 
men in all the building trades, and as a consequence, there was but little difficult}' or delay in getting 
together and deciding upon the form, scope and manner of conducting the association required to best 
serve their interests. 

A charter was granted February 17th, 1887, in the corporate name of "The Master Builders' 
Exchange of the City of Philadelphia," and temporary quarters were at once established by leasing the 
rotunda of the old Philadelphia Exchange building at Third and Walnut Streets. A few months after 
(June 18S7) the present home of the Exchange on Seventh Street was purchased from the German 
Society. The building was one of the best known to Philadelphians, as it had been for man)^ years 
occupied by the city as a gas office. In the Spring of 1889, shortly after obtaining possession of the 
premises, the Exchange set about remodelling it to suit their purposes. The front portion was 
thoroughly overhauled and radically changed, and on the rear of the lot a fine five-story fire-proof 
office building was erected. An additional story was placed on the front building in 1891, in which 
a first-class cafe has been established for the accommodation of members, tenants and the general 
public. These improvements were completed about the first of November, 1889. 

The Lumbermen's Exchange occupies a portion of the second floor of the building and the 
meetings of the Stone Cutters' Association, the Bricklayers' Company, the Master Carpenters' and 
Builders' Company, the Master Plasterers' Association, the Master Plumbers' Association, the 
Philadelphia Saw and Planing Mill Association, the Master Painters' Association, and the Metal Roofers' 
Association are also held in the building, thereby practicalh' making it a headquarters for all the 
building trades. 

Prior to the organization of the Exchange, the Builders of Philadelphia held but an unimportant 
place in the business community in comparison with the amount of their financial transactions and the 
responsibility devolving upon them ; but by virtue of concentrated 
action, influence judiciously exercised, and a determination to maintain 
their rights, freely expressed through the medium of a thoroughl}' well 
managed Exchange, they have made rapid strides toward elevating the 
building interests of Philadelphia to their proper plane in business and 
financial circles. 

The work done in 1892 by members of the Exchange represents 
upwards of seventy-five per cent, in amount of all the contracts awarded 
in Philadelphia for buildings erected under architects' plans and specifi- 
cations, in addition to which many of them have had large operations 
in other sections of the country. 

In addition to concentrating the various building trades under 
one strong and influential organization representing building interests, 

89 




EXTERIOR VIEW. 




the Builders' Exchange has gone further and established two new 
departments : the Pcrniajient Exhibitioyi and the Mechanical Trade 
Schools, both of which have been eminently successful, and have 
attracted widespread attention and most favorable comment. 

77/1? Builders' Excliayige Mechanical Trade Schools have for their 
object the instruction of young inen whereby they will be given such 
insight into whatever building trade they may select, as will enable 
them to be at once useful and remunerative to their employers when 
EXHIBITION- ROOM. they enter upon a regular apprenticeship, and tend to save them from 

the drudgery to which the average American boy so strongly objects ; 
but which the ordinary apprentice is subjected to during the first year or so of his efforts to become a 
skilled mechanic. Instruction is given in the use of tools, the actual handling, mixing and manipu- 
lation of materials, and also in mechanical drawing, and other technical points which will prove 
useful in the trade. These schools have been in operation since September, 1890, and are the first of 
the kind ever established under the auspices and control of a Builders' Exchange. Their success is 
very gratifying, and efforts are now being made by the Exchange toward their permanent endowment 
and material enlargement from year to year. 

The Builders' Exchange Permanent Exhibition has become so well known that visitors to Phila- 
delphia desirous of seeing the special attractions, are shown through it the same as through Independ- 
ence Hall, Girard College, the United States Mint, the City Hall, or Fairmount Park. It constitutes a 
handsomel}' arranged and classified exhibit of all kinds of materials and devices which enter into the 
construction and finish of buildings, and occupies the entire first floor of the Exchange. It was opened, 
to the public in November, 1889, since which time it has been growing in popular favor as well as in the 
number and character of its exhibits. During the year 1892, the number of visitors was upwards of 
90,000, and from a register containing the names and address of many of these, it is shown that they come 
from almost e^'ery country on the face of the earth. To property owners and others interested in building 
interests, this Permanent Exhibition is recognized as being of the greatest possible value, as it gives them 
an opportunity of seeing at once the latest and best things to be used in erecting or remodelling a 
building of any description. Exhibitors pay an annual rental for the space they occupy. Admission is 
free, and the exhibition is open to the public from 8 A. m. to 5 P. M., every daj- in the 3'ear, except 
Sunday and legal holidaj-s. 

The Master Builders' Exchange of Philadelphia took a ver}' prominent part in the organization , in 
1887, of the National Association of Builders, which is composed of representatives from Builders' 
Exchanges located in all the principal cities of the United States. Much good has resulted through 
the medium of the National Association, by bringing together representative builders and building 
tradesmen for conference, interchange of views and the establishment of uniform improved methods 
and laws relating to the building business throughout the countrj'. 

This Exchange has alwaj^s been looked upon by the members of the National Association as a 
model to be followed in the organization of similar bodies. 

A history of the Exchange was recently published, giving a full account of its transactions from 
the date of organization in 1886. The book is a model of the printer's art and a monument to the 
enterprise of the Exchange. It contains upwards of 500 pages of text, and in addition is handsomely 
illustrated with portraits of past and present officers, habitations of men of various countries and ages, 
views of the Exchange and its different departments, and the exterior and interior of a model Phila- 
delphia house for persons of moderate means. The Exchange has alwa3-s taken an active part in 
State and municipal affairs where an expression of public opinion on building subjects has been 
desirable, and its weight and influence are recognized and respected in all business circles. 

By establishing and upholding the Exchange, the builders of Philadelphia have accomplished 
much, and are in a position to confidently look forward to still greater achievements. 



90 



New Suburban Sections. 




SPRINGFIELD AVKNOK, WEST PHILADELPHIA. 




UPSAL SISEET, GERMAXTOWN. 



Markets of Philadelphia. 




By George E. Mapes, Philadelphia Times. 



f 



^ 



Philadelphia has been notable from the first for the excellence and 
extent of its markets. Penn came in 16S2, and the following year 
there was a market in which butchers erected movable stalls. 
This market was at the corner of Front Street and Market, then 
called High Street. Ten years later, under William Markham, 
Deputy Governor, this market was remo^'ed one square further 
west to Second and Market Streets, and provided with a bell. At 
this time and place, customs and regulations were adopted, which 
practically continued to this day. There were to be two markets 
a week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, all sorts of provisions 
brought to the city were to be offered for sale here and nowhere 
else under penalty of forfeiture. The articles dealt in included 
" flesh, fish, tame fowl, butter, eggs, cheese, herbs, fruits and 
roots, etc.,'' the latter evidentl}' meaning such culinary vegetables 
as were then cultivated in the province. The market \^'as to open 
at the sound of the bell , which was to be rung in Summer between 
six and seven A. M. and in Winter between eight and nine. Sales 
made before hours except to the Governor and Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor were forfeited. All were forbidden to buy or price these provisions on their way to market, and 
hucksters could not buy until the market had been opened two hours. The clerk of the market received 
half of all forfeitures, together with six pence per head on all slaughtered cattle ; two pence for each 
sheep, calf or lamb ; three pence for each pig; but no charge was made on what the country people 
brought to market already killed. He was also allowed a penny each for sealing weights and measures. 
In 17 10 a Court House was erected in Market Street between Second and Third, which stood 
upon arches ^^'ith brick pillars to rest upon , the basement of which was open for market stalls. This was 
the first market under roof, and the building, of which a picture is furnished in this article, was Court 
House, seat of the Legislature and Municipal Council, State House and Town House until the erection 
of the State House, now known as Independence Hall, in 1735. It was a quaint, old-fashioned building 
with a little cupola and bell and having a balcony in front with steps from either side leading up to it. 
From this balcony the inaugural addresses and proclamations of the colonial governors ^\-ere read, and 
the famous preacher, George Whitfield, used it as a 
pulpit from which to preach to six thousand people. 
It is interesting to note that at this early da}^ the 
people of Philadelphia were schooled in public 
affairs in this very act of buying and selling their 
daily supplies, a custom their descendants follow 
to this day. The market houses being still the 
common meeting ground for discussing current 
political e^'ents. This primiti^-e market system 
expanded as the city grew by the building of 
market sheds in the centre of the wider streets, in- 
cluding Callowhill, Spring Garden, Girard Avenue 
and many others, the sheds being owned by the 
cit}^, and the stalls rented to the farmers, butchers, 
fishermen and fruit and vegetable dealers. This 

COtlKT HOUSE AND M.VRKBT, 2D AND M.\RKET STS. 

ERECTED 17 10. 

From au Old Print. 






A PORTION" OF OLD SPRIXG GARDEX MARKET, NOW REMOVED. 



system continued and expanded according to the 
demands of the rapidlj' increasing population until 
the year 1851, when there were forty-nine of these 
public market houses in various sections of the 
city. At this time the agitation for the consolida- 
tion of the outl^'ing boroughs and sections into 
one great municipality Avas at its height. Business 
men began to complain of the market houses in 
the middle of the streets as obstructions to busi- 
ness, and it was proposed that the markets should 
be transferred to private owners who would erect 
spacious, well-lighted buildings in convenient 
localities for this purpose. 

Like all innovations in Philadelphia, this was a change of slow growth. The first market of this 
kind was called the Broad Street Market House, and was opened for business June 4, 1851. It proved 
a failure, the citizens persisting in patronizing the public market sheds. The Broad Street Market 
House became the West Chester Railway Station. Slow as was the change, however, it made constant 
headway, and at the present day but four of the fort)^-nine public sheds remain, and these are doomed. 
The unsuccessful Broad Street Market House has been succeeded by thirty-five of its kind, or nearly at 
the rate of one for every ward in the city. There are 1,184 stalls rented bj^ dealers whose goods are on 
display even' day in the week, except Sunda}', exclusive of the farmers and market gardeners who throng 
to the city in regiments on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Dock Street Market ha*s always been the 
great distributing point. Here the fruit and early vegetables of the South were brought by rail, and the 
fish and oysters brought in sloops and other vessels were exposed for sale. The Dock Street Market is 
about to be abandoned, however, and at Thirty-second and Market Streets, in West Philadelphia, will 
be located the distributing market of the future. At this point the Philadelphia Market Company will 
receive oranges, fresh fruit and vegetables by a three-day train from Jacksonville; strawberries and garden 
truck from Norfolk on the morning after shipment; peaches and watermelons, in their season, from 
Marsdand, Delaware and New Jersey; apples from Western New York and Michigan ; dressed meat from 
Chicago and Kansas City ; and live cattle from every State, from Pennsyh-ania to Oregon ; fish from the 
great lakes of the West, the ocean on the East, and creeks, rivers and lakes of the neighboring States ; 
game of all sorts from all sections ; oj-sters from the Chesapeake and Long Island Sound. In short, 
everj'thing edible in its season, from the Bermuda Islands in the East to the vinej^ards and orchards of 
California on the West. In the matter of supplying the outlying suburban towns the market system of 
Philadelphia is admirable. Both the Philadelphia and Reading and the Pennsylvania Railways deliver 
the market baskets free of charge, for those who come to town to buy the day's proA'isions, over their 
respective lines. Of the market houses, that underthe Reading Terminal, at Twelfth and Filbert Streets, 
is undoubtedly the leading example, because of its central location and its proximity to the two great 
railwav terminals of the city. As a single item, showing the importance of the market business of 
Philadelphia, the agricultural lands in Philadelphia County alone are assessed at twenty-one millions of 

dollars, the most of which are devoted to market gardening. 
The same business is extensi^'ely followed in Bucks, Mont- 
gomery, Chester and Delaware Counties, and in the States 
of New Jersey and Delaware, for the purpose of supplying 
the Philadelphia market. In short, the people of no great 
city in the country live better or are better supplied with 
the necessaries, delicacies and luxuries which are essential to 
please the palate and sustain the bodily vigor of the ordinary 
human being. The market system of Philadelphia remains 
to-day what it has been from the very foundation of the city — 
the best in America. 




NEW MARKET HOUSE, 30TH AN'D MARKET STREETS. 



93 



The riiik Supply. 



Rv E. W. WooLMAN, President Philadelphia Milk Exchangb. 




Second only in point of importance to general excellence of market 
facilities and produce iu the domestic economy of a great city, is the 
supply of milk. Upon another page of this publication the President 
of the Board of Health has shown by indisputable figures the decrease 
•within recent j-ears in the rate of infant mortalitJ^ Much of this 
saving of precious human life may be properh^ credited to the uniform 
purity of the milk dealt out each morning at the doors of the people 
of Philadelphia. 

It is not contemplated in this article to refer to the products of milk for which this community 
has such a wide reputation. The supply of milk has long been secured by means of milk trains cover- 
ing an area of fifty or sixty miles around Philadelphia, about thirty-five cars, daily, being required. 
The district northeast of Philadelphia, between the Schu3dkill and Delaware Rivers failed about two years 
ago to produce enough milk for this market, and a more extended field was found in northern Pennsyl- 
vania and southern New York, which is reached via the Lehigh Valley Railroad, the milk from this 
territory being sent hither in refrigerator cars and arriving in as good condition as any that reaches the 
city. This source of supply promises to prove an ample reinforcement for many years to come. From 
data obtained by the Philadelphia Milk Exchange, it appears that in 1892 the following quantities of 
milk were delivered to dealers in this citj^ in quarts. 

Penns3-lvania R. R 38,242,810 

Philadelphia & Reading R. R 36,748,664 

Baltimore & Ohio R. R 5,687,300 

In Wagons 10,600,000 



Total, 91,278,774 



The increase for the year 1893 was about 2,500,000 quarts. The Milk Exchange of the City of 
Philadelphia was formed in 1885, and is conducted in much the same manner as other mercantile 
exchanges. It has exercised a constantly increasing influence upon local dealers towards a high 
standard of purity, all kindred topics being discussed freely at its monthly meetings. Its members are 
numbered among our most energetic and progressive citizens. The public is protected against dishonest 
dealers by the state law of 1878, " to prevent the adulteration of and prevent the traffic in impure and 
unwholesome milk," and also by the city ordinance of 1890, to the same effect. From the reports of 
the chief inspector's office, for the year 1891, less than 6 per cent, of the supply failed to reach the high 
standard required by him. No record of epidemic or sickness has been found upon the books of the 
County Medical Society, caused by milk, during the thirty years of its existence. 

About $1,000,000 of capital is invested in this industry, and from five to six thousand persons are 
employed in handling the daily supply, which requires some 2,500 wagons. 

The sales amount to nearly $10,000,000 annually. As science and experience indicate more 
clearly, in the future the unequaled health-giving qualities of this ideal article of nutriment, in all its 
forms, the demand must largely increase, and Philadelphia will gain in equal proportion in her already 
high record as a healthful community. 

94 



Railroad Terminals of Philadelphia. 




By John A. Johann and Frank W, Haroi,d, The Public Ledger. 



Fn no ciU' of the world are there such magnificent railroad terminals as exist in Philadelphia. The 
Broad Street Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad has been a model of a perfect railroad building for a 
score of years, but it has now been succeeded by a greater and much more commodious structure, 
imposing in appearance and more perfect in its arrangements than the old. This and the magnificent 
new Market Street Station of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad are the largest in the 
world. Philadelphia, therefore, has the two greatest passenger terminals built, beautiful alike in 
grandeur and architectural features, and as complete as the suggestions of experienced railroad men 
could make them. 

Another passenger terminal, not as large as those of the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroads, is that of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. 
It is of sufficient size to accommodate the growth of the business of this trunk line for several j^ears, 
and is not lacking in all the conveniences for passengers and trains known to modern railroading. All 
of the great passenger stations are located within the heart of the city on the main artery of traffic and 
close to the centres of every line of trade. The Pennsylvania Railroad Station is at Broad and Market 
Streets, directly opposite Philadelphia's magnificent new City Hall. Its style of architecture is modern 
Gothic, harmonizing with the old station familiar to visitors to the Quaker City. 

The main building is ten stories high, 306 feet on Broad Street, from Market to Filbert, and 
having a depth of 2 1 2 feet on Market Street. Fifteenth Street is bridged, runningbeneath the vast station. 
This great structure contains about 200 rooms and many of the main offices of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
connected directly with the operating department are provided for. The base of the building is of 
granite and the upper stories of brick with terra cotta trimmings. The whole structure is absolutely 
fire-proof. At the base of a high tower, which stands directly at the corner of Broad and Market Streets, 
is a splendid main entrance, 70 feet deep, from which elegant stairways lead to the waiting rooms on 
the second floor. There are carriage facilities, elevators and every convenience that belongs to a 
modern railroad station of the first class. The train shed connected with this is its crowning feature and 
is doubly interesting because it is the largest single span shed ever constructed. It is an arch of iron 
and glass, reaching from Market to Filbert Streets, and having a clear span of 304 feet. Its length is 600 

95 







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M 

en 

J-i 

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R 

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<; 
o 
OS 

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feet, its height 1463^ feet from the track level, and it covers sixteen tracks with their commodious 
platforms. Nearly five acres are covered by the shed, and the total length of the main building and 
shed is 810 feet 8}4 inches. 

The approach to this great terminal station is over an elevated railway supported on arches of 
solid brick. The Broad Street Station really includes the extensive Adams Express and Pennsylvania 
Railroad freight stations, extending to the westward of the passenger station for four blocks. The 
traffic of the Broad Street Station is enormous, both in trains and passengers. An average of 60,000 
people arrive and depart from this station e^•ery day in the year, and 530 scheduled trains daily, with 
rarely a trifling accident, is the proud record of this great terminal. Between 4 and 7 p. m., every 
week-day, fifty trains arrive and eighty depart. The enormous aggregate of 20,000,000 passengers were 
handled in 1892, an increase during ten j^ears of 1 1,000,000. 

The new Market Street Station of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad was opened to traffic 
on January 20, 1893. Its style of architecture is composite renaissance, a stjde never before adopted 
for a great railroad terminal. On Market Street the station front is 266 feet, with a depth of 107 feet on 
Twelfth Street. The building is eight stories high and its facade is impressive and magnificent. The 
building is one of the architectural ornaments of the city. New England granite was used in the 
construction up to the second floor level. Above that there is a pleasing combination of pink tinted 
brick and white terra-cotta. In the basement of the building there are several stores. The main 
entrance is in the centre of the Market Street front, and there is also an entrance from Twelfth Street. 
On the second floor, which is level with the tracks, there are five offices and waiting rooms, furnished in 
sumptuous stj'le. The main waiting room is 78 by 100 feet, with a ceiling 35 feet high, and the 
decorations are elaborate. It opens on a lobby 50 feet wide, running the whole width of the station 
and giving entrance to the tracks. The structure also includes a well appointed restaurant, convenient 
baggage and express rooms, carriage entrances, elevators and every necessary convenience for the 
comfort of passengers. The train shed is 266 feet 6 inches wide and 507 feet in length and contains 
thirteen tracks. 

The upper stories of the station are occupied as the general executive and operating offices of 
the company, affording commodious and comfortable rooms for every department. Its length is 405 
feet. The iron arch has a clear span of 266 feet, and contains 90,000 square feet of glass. The distance 
from the level of the thirteen tracks in the shed to the top of the arch is 80 feet. Beneath the tracks in 
the great shed is a busy market house, occupied by the merchants who formerly rented stalls in the 
farmers' market houses which were torn down to make room for the new station. The number of 
scheduled trains running from this station over the many divisions of the Philadelphia and Reading 
system is 290 daily. 

The passenger station of the Baltimore and Ohio is situated on the east bank of the Schu\dkill 
at the southwest corner of Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets. It is constructed of pressed brick and 
is of a pleasing design , a prominent feature being a tall clock tower. Wide stairways descend to the 
track level from the main entrance on Chestnut Street, which is here elevated to the second floor level 
of the station, on the eastern approach to the handsome bridge which spans the Schuylkill River and 
the railroad tracks on each bank. The second story of the station contains large waiting rooms and a 
well appointed restaurant, besides the offices of the Philadelphia division of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad. The main waiting room occupies nearly the entire first floor of the station and opens on a 
lobby leading to the train shed. The splendid express trains of the Roj^al Blue Line to New York and 
Washington pass through this station. 

Probably no city in the United States is better provided with freight terminals. The freight 
stations of the three great railroad lines centring in Philadelphia are so evenly distributed that they are 
to be found in almost every section of the city. Not in any city of the country has any single railroad 
provided so many points for the shipments and delivery of freight as has the Pennsylvania. It has over 
thirty stations which receive and send out freight. The Mantua Transfer Station, which is 700 feet 
long, alone handles a business of 50,000 tons a month of miscellaneous freight. The aggregate tonnage 
handled at all the Pennsylvania Railroad's freight stations in 1892 was 10,218,000 tons. The great 
commodities, such as grain, flour, coal and produce, have special stations devoted to them. At Green- 

97 







^^ 




THE READING TERMINAL STATION, TWELFTH AND MARKET STREETS. 

wich Point, on the Delaware River, are tlie coal wharves. There are five tressels for the shipment of coal 
and an average of 300 car loads a day are handled. Grain is chiefly received at the two great elevators 
at Girard Point, which have a combined capacity of 1,750,000 bushels. There is also a storehouse 
there ; and besides the grain piers, there are two for the discharge of iron ore from abroad and two for 
merchandise. The flour depot is at Eighteenth and Market Streets. In 1892, 550,000 barrels were 
handled there from the West. 

At Thirtieth and Market Streets is an extensive station where Southern fruits and ^'egetables 
arrive. L,ive stock is delivered at large stock yards in West Philadelphia, which are connected with an 
abattoir. Dry goods and hardware are received at the Dock Street Station, which has as an adjunct a 
large cold storage warehouse for the perishable trade. The terminus for miscellaneous freight for the 
Southern system is at Broad and Washington Avenue. 

The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad has upwards of twenty-five freight stations in Philadel- 
phia, situated in every section in the city, handling millions of tons of freight annually. The two most 
extensive general stations where miscellaneous freight is received and delivered are the Broad Street 
Station, at Broad and Callowhill Streets, and the Willow and Noble Streets Station, at Front, Willow 
and Noble Streets, and Piers 23 to 29, North Wharves. Other large stations for miscellaneous freight 
are at Piers 33 to 39, South Wharves ; Second and Berks Streets and Twenty-third and Arch Streets. 



98 



_v - 






At foui points, widely separated, carload traffic only is received and delivered. The potato yard 
where potatoes are received by the carload, is at Second and Master Streets. At Pier 8, South Wharves, 
freight in any quantity to and from the Atlantic City Railroad is handled. Deliveries of flour are made 
at the Sixteenth Street Stores, Sixteenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. Grain for export is delivered 
at the Port Richmond Elevator, and lumber at the lumber storage yard, Tenth and Berks Streets. 
Shipments of live stock are delivered at the North Philadelphia Drove Yard, Drove Yard Station, Fifth 
Street and Rising Sun I^ane, in the northern section of the city. Besides the purely freight stations 
named, there are the extensive coal wharves and steamship piers at Port Richmond, and transfer stations 
at Wayne Junction and other suburban points. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has large freight receiving and deliverj^ stations at four points 
on the Delaware River, occupying eight piers, and one point on the Schuylkill River at Race Street. 
This company also has coal piers at the foot of Snvder A-^-^nue, Delaware River. 

Philadelphia s long stretch of o^ er six miles of water front 
on the Delaware Ri\ er is a series of busy railroad and steamboat 
terminals, interspersed \\ ith wharves devoted to the business of 
great sugar refineries and other Industrie'^, or branches of trade of 
a commmercial nature The railroad companies own or control 
more than half of the wharves on the Delaware, and their needs 
are such that they are frequently m the market at, purchasers '? 
of more 

At Port Richmond the northernmost improved 
point on the Delaware Rner, are the wharves of the 
North Atlantic Tndent line of freight steamers. The 
gram ele\ ator at this point has a 
capacity of 960,000 bushels 
mg to the southward are the extensne 
coal wharves of the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad Company. Numer- 
ous whar\es, de 
voted to manufac- 
t u T 1 n g industries, 
ship building. 







PROPOSED READING R. R. SUBWAY ALONG PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE WEST OF BROAD STREET. 




REFERENCES 



2 Baldwin Locomotive Works 

3. Point Breeze 

4 Germantown Junction 

5. Greenwich Point 

6. Port Richmond 

7. North Penn. Junction 
S. Frankford Junction 

9. Girard Point 



Map of Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad. 

open to all railroads, indicated bv dotted line. 




PORT RICHMOND COAL TERMINAL. 



coastwise and river commerce, the ferry business and the extensive freight business of the three railroads, 
extend to and beyond the central part of the citj^. Lower down the river are the great sugar refineries 
and another grain elevator at the foot of Washington Avenue, with a capacity of 400,000 bushels. A 
splendid group of piers to the north and south of this elevator constitute the terminal of the American, 
Red Star, Atlantic Transport and Allen lines of transatlantic steamers. These fine whar\'es are the 
property of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which maintains large freight stations on and near 
them. The coal shipping piers of the same railroad companj' are at Greenwich Point, still further 
down the river. 

Passing League Island, with its dry-dock, group of massive brick buildings and war vessels, 
constituting in man}'- respects the finest navy 3'ard possessed b}'' the United States Government. The 
Girard Point grain elevators are reached near the mouth of the Schuylkill River. These two towering 
brick structures have a combined capacity of 1,750,000 bushels, and are continually surrounded by 
vessels loading grain for all parts of the world. A short distance up the Schm^lkill is the great oil 
shipping terminal. Point Breeze. It is the terminus of the pipe lines of the Standard Oil Company, 
and huge tank steamers receive their cargoes all thej'ear round. 

An important factor in the future commercial economy of the cit3% is the construction of the 
system of the Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad Co., which will soon, it is expected, girdle the city, and 
touching all lines of railroad, afford to them equal facilities for the handling of fireightage upon the whole 
water front of the citj', both east and west, thus developing a great area of now inaccessible territorj^. 
The length of this ligament binding together our tendons of traffic, will be about twenty-six miles. Of 
this some six miles are now completed, including the lease of a section of track owned by the Pennsj^- 
vania Railroad Company. By this system, wnth its numerous sidings, goods of every kind ma}' be 
placed in the cars upon the premises of the shipper, saving the large item of dra}'age, etc., and affording 
a corresponding advantage in competition. Fifty-one per cent of the stock is held by the Board of 
Trade and Commercial Exchange, as trustees, to ensure the perpetual impartiality of this line in its 
relation to the great railroads which will severally connect with it. The officers of the company are : 
Francis B. Reeves, President; Richard TuU, Treasure!': John J. Curley, Secretary, and Sidney 
Williams, General Manager. 




THE JOHN- BULI, "PENNSY'S" FIRST LOCOMOTIVE, AND ITS CARS. 
.\s run from New York to Chicago iu April, 1S93. 

lOI 



('■am 



Our Waterways. 



By Prof. Lewis M. Haupt, Civil Engineer. 



The varj'ing phases of commerce in Philadelphia, as elsewhere, can best be understood bj' a review 
of the conditions which surround it, and as these are largely of a physical nature, I will essay to 
present to my readers an outline of the history and development of the waterways which have con- 
tributed so largely to our former commercial and present manufacturing supremacy. 

It is believed that the majestic river which connects this city with the sea was discovered and 
named by Lord De la Ware in 1610, en route to Jamestown, as Governor of Virginia, holding com- 
mission from Queen Elizabeth. At this time the Dutch were active in their explorations, and in 1609 
Hendrick Hudson entered the North River, now named after him, but it was not until 1623 that 
Cornelius Mey explored the Delaware, which he probably named the South River, as it was so called by 
the Netherlanders during their occupancy of this section. He ascended the river and built a fort at the 
mouth of Timber Creek, at Gloucester Point, which he called Nassau. The early Dutch settlers were, 
however, all massacred by the natives, and it was not until the Spring of 1638, when the Swedes 
inaugurated their peace policy by bartering for their lands, that a permanent settlement was effected on 
the meadows of the Minquas, which they named Christeen, after their Queen, Christiana. The out- 
cropping ledge of rock where they landed, and near which Fort Christiana and their church were built, is 
still to be seen on 'he left bank of the river, in the City of Wilmington. This is the Ph-mouth Rock of 
the early Colonists on the South Riwr, and it is to be regretted that its site is not marked by a monu- 
ment. The old fort has succumbedTo the demands of industrial progress and has given place to ship 
yards and car shops. 

Forty-five years later (1683) William Penn wrote : " The country hath the advantage of inany 
creeks, or, rather, rivers, that run into the main river or bay ; some navigable for great ships, some for 
small craft. Those of most eminence are Christiana, Brandywine, Skilpot, Sculkill, any one of which 
have room to lay up the Royal Navy of England, there being from four to eight fathom of water." 

Van der Douck likewise relates " how, on the river lies, first, Miniqua's Kihl, where the Swedes 
have built Fort Christiana, where the largest ships can load and unload at the shore. There is another 
place on the river called Schulkihl, which is also navigable." 

Thus it may be seen that for more than two centuries the possibilities of this noble river have 
been appreciated and, to some extent, utilized. The incessant pulsations of the tides, which ebb and 
flow along its banks, have produced many changes in the phj^sical condition of the river, but they have 
not marred its beauty nor destroyed its commerce. 

The picturesque canoes of the sa\-age have given place to the majestic monarchs of the sea, and 
the paltry trade in skins has yielded to the commerce of the world. Now, upon the bosom of this great 
life stream, floats innumerable tons of coal, grain, oil, cattle and merchandise, products of the industry 
and thrift of this progressive commonwealth. As we ^•iew the years gone by the memory becomes 
crowded with the many tragic and momentous events which have marked her course. Her defensive 
works, her wars and her victories, the triumphant passage of her waters by the intrepid Washington, 
her blockades and her disasters are all of record, but it should not be forgotten that it was upon these 
historic waters, flowing close to the homes of the great inventors and philosophers, Franklin, Ritten- 
house, Fulton, Fitch, Evans and others, where was made the first application of steam to navigation. 




COAL WHARVES AT PORT RICHMOND. 

On July 20, 1786, Jno. Fitch propelled a small skiff by steam, but it was not ven^ successful, 
because of its limited size. The next year, however, on August 22, he moved a boat forty feet long b}' 
paddles, and in 178S a steamboat ran from Philadelphia to Burlington, at the rate of four miles an hour. 
The following year the speed was doubled, and the boat made a mileage of nearh' 3,000 miles during 
the season. Oliver Evans' stern-wheel boat was launched in 1S04, and ran at the rate of sixteen miles 
an hour. This was followed in 1807-9 by the walking beam engine of Jno. C. Stephens, which ran 
between these points for four years, and in 181 7 the steamboat ^-Etna (owned b^' Jos. Bonaparte,) ran on 
the route from Philadelphia to Baltimore, making six miles an hour against the tide. 

The first ocean steamship built was the side- wheeler Savannah, which sailed from New York 
March i, 1819, for Savannah which she reached in seven days. The steam was only used when 
becalmed, and when the wind was fair the wheels were stowed away on deck to sa\-e fuel, which was 
wood. It is, therefore, seen that barely a century has elapsed since the application of steam to naviga- 
tion, and the enormous impetus gi\'en to commerce has increased correspondingly the requirements of 
our river. Vessels of nearl}- 700 feet length, 28 feet draft and over 10,000 tons burthen are now building, 
and a corresponding change is required in our terminal facilities that the}^ may be handled with expedi- 
tion and safet3^ 

The possibilities of our waterways are apparently only fulh^ appreciated b}' ven^ few Americans, 
and the great economy of transportation in bulk by water is not utilized in this countn' as it is abroad. 
We ha-\'e probably relied too much upon the munificence of our endowments by nature in our deep and 
broad rivers and capacious lakes, and ha^'e not fully appreciated the intimate relations existing between 
land and water carriage. 

It is because of this close relation that Philadelphia was for so long a time the chief commercial 
cit}^ of the W'estern Hemisphere, as she was located at the point farthest inland which could be con- 
veniently reached by ocean vessels. But her glorjr departed when the Erie Canal placed the great 
northwest in touch with New York by water. Still, Philadelphia has latent advantages which only 
need to be realized by her enterprising citizens to bring her once more to the front as a commercial 
centre, and these are on the eve of de\'elopment. The rectification of her ri\-ers by the Government has 
been in progress for several 3'ears, and already some of the north bars have been mucH. improved by the 
construction of single dikes, while there is probablj^ no river in the world where the aids to navigation 
are so abundant. Vessels ma}^ sail with perfect safety from the Capes to the port, for, as with the 
Israelites of old, there is the pillar of fire to guide them by night and the cloud by day, in the shape of 
a continuous chain of range-lights so placed that the channels are covered at all times bj'' a pencil of 
light or b}' beacons, on range, while the dangerous points are indicated by red flashes or bj' buoj^s. 

Prior to 1874, when the writer made the sun,'ey for the first range-lights to cross the Bulkhead 
Shoals, at and above Fort Delaware, there were but three light-houses on the river useful to deep draft 



BETWEEN DELAWARE CAPES IN A GALE. 

vessels, but since then the system, as inaugurated by Gen. Reynolds, has been so rapidly extended that 
there are now over ten times that number in operation and no time need to be lost. 

The many scenic attractions of this route to the sea must be passed o\-er for lack of space, yet 
it must not be forgotten that abundant provision is made for the recreation so necessary to the man who 
counts time by heart throbs ; for the woman who would seek relief from the ceaseless toils of her daily 
routine, or for the child who needs the invigorating draught of ozone generated by the magnificent 
steamers now plying her waters. These excursion boats touch at all the points of interest between 
Cape May and Bordentown, a distance of about one hundred and thirty miles. 

But aside from their local import these waterways possess a national and strategic value which 
our forefathers were not slow to recognize and use. The Delaware and Hudson Rivers are connected 
even yet by artificial routes at several points, which are avenues of a large and cheap traffic. The 
Delaware and Hudson Canal extends from Honesdale, Pa., near the mouth of Lackawaxen Creek, to 
Rondout Kill, on the Hudson River, a distance of one hundred and eight miles. The Morris Canal 
from Phillipsburg, opposite the mouth of the Lehigh River, to Jersey City, one hundred and two miles 
in length, and the Delaware and Raritan, from Bordentown, N. J., to New Brunswick, on the Raritan 
River, a distance of forty-four miles, while below the city and near the head of the bay, there is to be 
found the historic Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, extending for nearly fourteen miles across the 
peninsula separating these bays. This canal, of lo feet in depth, was opened for use in 1829, and was 
an herculean task at that date. Its capacity is now far too limited and its enlargement to the dimensions 
of a ship canal is seriously proposed. This, together with the route across New Jersey on a shorter 
line, would constitute an improvement of great commercial and strategic value, by forming an inner line 
of water communications for our new naval armament, and render the four hundred miles of our 
coast line containing the densest part of our population and the greatest v/ealth almost impregnable. 

The discovery of "stone" (anthracite) coal in Pennsylvania in 1792 was of no commercial 
importance until the interior waterways Avere constructed (in 1820-30) to bring it to market, and then it 
was that Philadelphia began the great manufacturing career which has placed her in the A-an of American 
cities. This system of canals comprises the Lehigh and Schuylkill Navigations, the Schuylkill and 
Susquehanna, the Pennsjdvania Canals and the Union Canal, which, during the existence of the old 
Portage Railroad rendered it possible to ship by canal-boat from tide-water to Lake Erie and points 
farther west. Some of these canals are still doing a large and profitable business, while others have 
been purchased by railroads and abandoned to destroy their competition. 

104 



The Lehigh Canal, extending from Mauch Chunk to the Delaware River at Easton, forty -six and 
three-quarter miles, was opened in Julj', 1829, to convey coal from the quarry at Summit Hill, where a 
vein 25 feet thick covered the mountain, to tide-water. The mines were reached by two inclined planes 
and the cars descended bj^ gravity on the now famous " Switchback " ("1827). Although discovered in 
1792, the quarrj' was not operated until 1820, when stoves were devised which could bum this new fuel, 
and canals built to transport it. 

The Schuylkill Canal, between Fairmotint and Mount Carbon, one hundred and eight miles, was 
opened for use in 1S25 and for many years delivered fuel in Philadelphia for eighty cents a ton freight, 
but it has been leased for some years by the Reading Railroad Company, and the rates are about $1.00 
higher, while the canal does verj' little business. 

The Union Canal, connecting the Susquehanna River at Middletown with the Schuylkill two 
miles below Reading, was eighty -two miles long and cost about $2,000,000, but its dimensions and boats 
were so small that it is no longer an important factor in the transportation problem. 

The water frontage of the city exceeds thirty-eight miles in length, only a small percentage of 
which is at present utilized, but the radical enlargement of the terminal facilities of this port is now 
receiving the earnest attention of the municipality, and steps are being taken to construct a system so 
comprehensive and satisfactor}' to all parties as greatly to stimulate the traffic of the river and restore 
to this city her old time standing as a commercial emporium. 



The Maritime Commerce of Philadelphia. 



By Clement a. Griscom, President International Navigation Co. 




William Penn followed every precedent when he chose as the site for his 
city the head of navigation, but that he found the river navigable for such a 
great distance is in many ways unfortunate for Philadelphia. Although the 
great cities of the world are almost invariably found at the head of naviga- 
tion, yet the}^ are always within a comparatively short distance of the mouth 
of the particular river upon which they happen to be situated. That New 
York is exceptionally fortunate in this respect is due to the fact that the earh- mariners found it almost 
impossible to navigate the Hudson in sailing vessels. The winds from the Catskills were erratic and 
the tides strong. Peter the Great, against the advice of his engineers, placed St. Petersburg on a marsh 
at the mouth of the Neva, and he lived to see his great buildings gradualh' sinking and his people 
constantly menaced by floods. 

Philadelphia is 103 miles from the mouth of the Delaware, but this great distance is in some 
measure offset by the breadth and navigability of the bay and river. The proximit}' to the great iron, 
oil and coal fields of Pennsylvania is an unlooked for advantage which has come into existence in later 
years. Penn's new colony was so favorably situated that it began immediately after its foundation to 
attract to itself all the elements of progress and strength. In 16S5, three years after Penn laid out his 
cit3'', it outstripped New York in size, wealth and commercial importance. It afforded a safe and con- 
venient harbor for trading vessels, while the smaller boats could navigate 35 miles above Philadelphia. 
On the western side of the city the Schuylkill afforded navigable waters for boats drawing 16 feet. 
These natural resources of navigation have been amended in succeeding generations by the construction 
of numerous canals, the most important of which are the Delaware and Hudson Canal and the IMorris 
Canal, connecting Philadelphia and New York ; the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal, making a short 
cut to Baltimore ; and the Schuylkill Navigation Canal, which opens up the interior of Pennsylvania. 
The early history of Philadelphia commerce is somewhat wrapped in gloom, but we can presume 
that her 2,500 inhabitants in 1684 carried on no very extensive trade. By 1743 the imports from 

105 




England amounted to $375,000, and ten years later we are told that 125,000 barrels of flour and 
175,000 bushels of wheat and corn were exported from Philadelphia. During the Revolution, Philadel- 
phia was the commercial centre of America, and after the war her domestic exports increased from 
$7,000,000 in 1793 to $17,500,000 in 1796, and bj^ 1806 had attained a value of $31,000,000. The war 
of 18 1 2 struck this commercial activity a blow from which it is only now recovering. From being as 
low as $2,300,000 in 1843, the exports have reached $56,500,000 in 1880, their highest point, and 
$42,845,000 in 1891. The imports have increased from $3,760,000 in 1843, to $62,438,000 in 1892. 

The increase in the amount of tonnage being carried on the Delaware has warranted and brought 
forth many improvements in the channel and wharfage, while the system of range lights established is 
said to be one of the best in the world. In addition to which, to make a safe harbor in Delaware Ba}^ 
the National Government has built, at an expense of $2,500,000, a breakwater at Cape Henlopen, which 
shelters the fleets in the foreign and coastwise trade, and is consequently of great importance to the 
Maritime Commerce of Philadelphia. As in the early historj^ of Philadelphia her facilities for ocean 
commerce and coastwise trade made her the commercial metropolis of the countr}'-, so to-da}', the 
failure of these facilities to develop in .proportion to the demands of trade has been the sole reason for 
her decadence in Maritime Commerce. The great success of the other industries and trades of Phila- 
delphia furnishes a striking proof of the energy and resources of her people, which, if turned towards 
her merchant marine, might once more gain for her the maritime supremacy of the United States, which 
was so quickly obtained and only given up when the completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, restored to 
New York her lost prestige. 

New York has, for ten 3'ears past, exported 85 per cent, of the entire grain shipments of the 
Atlantic seaboard. This pre-eminence is due to her geogxaphical position ; to her important connection 
by the Erie Canal with the Great Lakes ; to her immense banking and monetary facilities ; to her own 
large manufacturing interests and her proximity to others ; and to her great collection of foreign capital. 
Her banking capital exceeds $81,000,000. The power to influence trade by such a concentration of 
money is almost beyond estimate. She has thirty-nine lines of steamships, composed of about 200 
vessels, regularl}^ employed in the Trans-Atlantic trade. In addition to which there is loaded at her 
piers for foreign ports an average of one transient steamer daily throughout the year. A comparison of 
this to the showing of the port of Philadelphia is not ver}' encouraging to Philadelphians. During the 
year 1891, a total of 2,587 vessels arri^-ed at the Delaware Breakwater. In the last ten years the foreign 
tonnage of the port shows, on the whole, a decided increase both in the in-bound and out -bound trade. 
The coastwise trade on the contrary shows an unfortunate falling off. In the jj-ear 1891, 5,612 vessels 
entered and 5,654 cleared, and the 2,466 of these engaged in the foreign trade carried 2,226,180 tons of 
cargo in all, valued at $105,283,943. 

106 



Just as grain is, roughh' speaking, the basis for rates in the freight market, so tlie amount of 
grain shipped from any port gives a fairly good idea of its comparative importance. We, therefore, 
present the following table to indicate the relative position of Philadelphia. 



EXPORTS OF WHEAT AND CORN FOR THE YEARS 1882, 1887 AND 189I, FROM PORTS 
ON THE ATlvANTIC COAST, WITH PERCENTAGES FROM EACH PORT. 





MONTREAL 


Per Ct. 


BOSTON 


Per ct. 


NEW YORK 


Per Ct. 


philad'a 


Per Ct. 


BALTIMORE. 


Per ct. 


1882 




5,797.155 w. 

516,230 c. 


7.8 

4-3 


2,843,493 w. 
2,174,320 c. 


3.8 

17. 1 


35,670,191 "W. 

7,253,895 c. 


49-7 
60.4 


5,852,951 W. 
808,599 C. 


7.9 
6.7 


17,233,499 w. 

1,132,407 C. 


23.6 
9-4 


Total ICxports 
1887 


6,313,385 

7,434,716 W. 
1,263,108 c. 


7-3 

9-4 
5-0 


5,017,813 

2,983,925 w. 

2,313,958 c. 


5-8 

5.0 
7-1 


43,924,086 

41,886,049 w. 
12,306,272 c. 


51.2 

53-1 
38.1 


6,661,550 
8,774,174 w. 

1,996,583 c. 


7-7 

10,1 
6.1 


18,365,816 

11,057,290 w. 
7,1.5,814 C. 


21-5 
14.0 




■•{ 


22.0 


Total Exports 
1S91 


8,697,824 

6,090,114 w. 
2,173,070 c. 


7.8 

6.8 

7.8 


6,297,883 

2,787,1:5 w. 

3,897,565 c. 


5-6 

3-2 
14.2 


54,192,321 
46,957.113 w. 

13,180,393 c. 


48.7 

52.3 
47-9 


i°,7;o,757 

6,840,503 W. 
2,608,677 c. 


9.6 

7.7 
9-5 


18,173,104 

15,673,334 w. 
3,852,911 c. 


16.3 

17-5 
14.0 


Total Exports . 


8,263,184 


7.0 


6,684,680 


5.7 


60,137,506 


51-4 


9,449,180 


8.1 


19,526,245 


16.7 



A writer on the Maritime Commerce of the City of Philadelphia has no pleasant sense of pride, 
as might justl}' come to one engaged in handling such a subject as manufactures, buildings, etc., in 
which his city is nationally pre-eminent. Compared to New York, for instance, the amount of shipping 
he has to record is painfull}^ insignificant, as the table shows. The receipts of grain in New York 
during the years 1878, 1879 and 1880 amounted to 470,000,000 bushels ; while Philadelphia and Balti- 
more, during the same period, received 141,000,000 and 173,000,000 respectively. Nearly one-half of 
the New York wheat came from the West by canal, so that only about one and three-quarters times as 
much wheat was shipped to New York as to Baltimore by rail. New York has 25,000,000 bushels of 
storage capacity, compared to 4,000,000 each of Philadelphia and Baltimore. While Philadelphia is gi 
miles nearer the Western grain centres than is New York, yet she is further from the chief ports of 
Europe by twice that distance. The rates of freight by ocean steamers are invariabl}^ higher from 
Philadelphia and Baltimore than from New York, despite the proximity of the former to the Western 
cities. While it requires only five steamers of a moderate speed to form a weekly line between New 
York and Liverpool, it requires at least six steamers of equal speed to furnish the same service between 
Philadelphia and Liverpool. 

Philadelphia has, however, some great advantages in the freight trade. Her petroleum export 
for 1 89 1 was greater by 713,000 barrels than that of any previous year, and is estimated to be 35 per 
cent, of all the petroleum shipped from America. So in regard to coal and other freights coming from 
points near by, her showing is excellent. To put Philadelphia in a position to successfully compete 
with New York and the other great cities of the Atlantic seaboard, many improvements in the harbor 
are needed, and they should be completed without delaj'. After the removal of the islands in the 
Delaware opposite Philadelphia, and the deepening of the channel in both the Delaware and Schuylkill, 
it will be possible for the largest vessels in the world to come to Philadelphia, unload, load and depart 
with ease, safety and rapidity. The deepening of the channel of the Schu3dkill from its mouth to 
Gibson's Point is a matter of considerable importance, as that river is rapidly increasing in usefulness. 
In the last seven years 22* per cent, of all vessels in the foreign trade went up the Schuylkill, and 
36 per cent, of the exports of 1891 were carried away on vessels using that river, and as freight is 
being carried in larger vessels more water is needed. 

Philadelphia can never hope to compete with New York in the Great Lake trade without a canal 
to Erie, and the Allegheny Mountains offer an almost insuperable barrier to the execxition of such a 
project. The figures given above showing the proportion of the grain brought to New York carried by 
the Erie Canal indicate, in some measure, what such a canal might do for Philadelphia were 
its construction feasible. A ship-canal running directly across New Jersey to a point on the 
Atlantic Coast on the same parallel of latitude as Philadelphia, would unquestionably be of 
great benefit to Philadelphia, bringing it, as it would, 150 to 200 miles nearer New 

107 



England and the great Northern European ports. Such a canal would be of eas}^ construction, through 
a flat and well watered country. Philadelphia must not remain passive and see the various lines of 
trade drawn one by one into ports of greater enterprise and activity. Commerce will not come to a city 
of its own accord ; and while its presence is of the greatest benefit to any community, like all good things, 
it is hard to get and still harder to hold. Philadelphia is such a queen in the manufacturing world that 
she is tempted to neglect her other industries. But to be a great city every element of a great city is 
essential, and to allow one branch of industry to stagnate means stagnation throughout. Philadelphia, 
however, has in it the spirit of enduring prosperity too strongly imbued to allow for any great period a 
neglect of an element such as its Maritime Commerce, which particularly needs a great care and a 
liberal encouragement. It will become enlightened, as did the whole of the United States in 1892, to 
the fact that no great country, least of all a maritime city, can prosper and exist without fostering and 
encouraging: its Maritime Commerce. 



Philadelphia Ship Building. 




By Henry W. Cramp. 



Ship building has been a prime industry of Philadelphia since the foundation of 
the cit)'. During the colonial period no adequate records were kept, but from 
tradition and from private documents it is known that Penn himself began to 
promote ship building within a few 3'ears after his settlement here. Of course, the 
earlier construction was not important, though it is known that vessels large 
enough for the coasting and West India trades were built within the present water 
front of the city during the first quarter of the eighteenth century. Tradition places the locality of the 
first ship yard in the vicinity of the present foot of South Street. However, as a topic of general 
modern interest, ship building in Philadelphia may be dated at the close of the War of Independence. 
That war had left the colonies entirely destitute of shipping. 

It is worth while to remark, as a tribute to the sturdy patriotism of the First Congress, that with 
ever}- temptation to buy ships abroad, with domestic ship building paralyzed and with commerce 
languishing for want of vessels, the third act approved by President Washington prohibited the registry 
of foreign built vessels ; and this act, as amended and enlarged December 31, 1792, now forms the basis 
of the navigation laws of the United States. During the period between the practical end of the Revo- 
lutionary War and the assembling of the first Federal Congress, that is to say, from 1781 to 1790, the 
Defense Acts of the Continental Congress remained in effect, and these permitted registry of foreign 
built ships only when condemned as prizes of war. The records for that period are imperfect, but they 
show the construction of at least 162 vessels in Philadelphia ship yards, aggregating 18,000 tons register, 
or an average of about no tons. Excepting the " Alliance," a frigate presented to the King of France 
in 1784, which was of 732 tons, no ship larger than 300 tons was built at Philadelphia prior to 1790. 

From 1790 till the outbreak of the war of 181 2, Philadelphia easily led the country in ship 
building, particularly in regard to the size and quality of the ships built. During those times even the 
whalemen of New Bedford and Nantucket, with New England ship yards alongside their own wharves, 
often came to Philadelphia to get their ships built. The ship building supremacy of Philadelphia at 
this time was due partly to the excellent quality and great quantity of timber in the region tributary to 
her, and partly to the skill and aptitude which her shipwrights had inherited from the colonial times. 

It was during this period also that Philadelphia inaugurated the era of steam navigation, by 
building for John Fitch the first American steamboat, which, in 1790, began regular trips between this 
city and Trenton, taking a day for it each way. A chronicler of that time says that " the boat is a 



108 




log 




U. S. S. "new YORK" ON HER TRIAL TRIP. 



pleasaiiter vehicle than the mail coach, 
because of its freedom from jolt and 
jar, but it is not so expeditious." A 
second steamboat was launched in 
1 79 1, about at the present foot of 
Palmer Street, but when nearly com- 
pleted was driven from its moorings 
by a storm and wrecked on Petty 's 
Island. This bankrupted Fitch and 
his backers, and steam navigation on 
the Delaware languished for several 
3'ears. However, the name of Fitch's 
boat, the " Perseverance,'' lived after 
her and has become the motto of 
Philadelphia ship builders. 
In 1S09 another steamboat line was established to run between Philadelphia and Trenton. This 
\A-as successful, and steam navigation on the Delaware has since been uninterrupted. This incident is 
mentioned here in its chronological order as part of the ship building history of the city, but, of course, 
it was many j'ears before steam shipping began to cut any important figure in the sum total of output. 
The first decade of the present century emphasized the supremacy of Philadelphia in naval 
architecture. Baltimore, Boston and New York, in the order named, struggled along during this 
period, but far in the rear; so much so that Philadelphia constantly built East Indiamen for Boston 
merchants, Atlantic packets for the New Yorkers, and coasters and coffee ships for the Baltimore trade, 
taking the cream of ship building orders away from the ship yards of those ports by simple dint of 
superior skill and economy. One Philadelphia ship, the " Rebecca Sims," of 500 tons, built at Ken- 
sington in iSoi, made about 100 Atlantic passages between that date and 1823, and then, being sold to 
a New Bedford firm for whaling service, made eleven round-the-world sperm and right-whaling voyages, 
until 1862, when she was bought by the United States and used as a coaling ship for the blockading 
squadron off Charleston in 1862. After some ser\dce in this capacity the good old ship was scuttled 
and sunk in Morris Island Channel to close it against blockade runners. The qualit^^ of the ''Rebecca 
Sims" as a sample of Philadelphia ship building may be inferred from the fact that, in May, 1807, she 
left the Capes of the Delaware, and in fourteen days hauled up to her wharf, at Liverpool, " without 
once shivering her topsails, ' ' as sailors say. That was eighty -six years ago, but the old ' ' Rebecca Sims ' ' 
still holds the sailing record between Cape Henlopen and the Mersey, and probably will hold it forever. 
In a paper of more extensive scope than this one it would be a pleasant task to recall in some 
detail the glories of Philadelphia ship building during this period, but the conditions of space forbid 
it here. 

After the war of 1S12, ensued a long period of depression in all trades and industries, which the 
ship yards of Philadelphia shared, though the enterprise of her builders found some relief in the con- 
struction of a ver)' considerable tonnage for foreign account. 

This embraced both merchant ships and men-of-war, and included one line-of-battle ship, which 
was sold, in 1826, to the Emperor Nicholas, of Russia. At this time the depletion of forests in Great 
Britain began to tell on ship building in that country, and in 1S30 two Philadelphia ships, originally built 
for the China trade, of i,Soo and 1,540 tons respectively, were purchased by the English East India 
Company. This raised a great fuss in England, and resulted in action by the Board of Trade which 
effectually closed the British market to American built ships, the British authorities resolutely insisting 
that their merchants must have their ships built in England, even though they had to import almost 
every foot of timber used in their construction. 

What may fairly be termed the modern epoch of Philadelphia ship building began about 1830. 
Her supremacy in all the arts pertaining to na\-al architecture had by that time become so well estab- 
lished, and so universally admitted, even by cities which had hitherto pretended to some sort of rivalry, 
that the question of the future was simply that of holding her own. 




In discussion of the events of this epoch I trust I may 
be permitted, without charge of undue family pride, but simply 
for the purpose of conserving the exactitude of history, to say 
that from 1S30 to the present time the name of my grandfather, 
the late William Cramp, is inseparably' identified with the annals 
of ship building in Philadelphia, and thereby maintains a repre- 
sentative attitude in relation to the industry. When he founded, 
in 1830, the industry which has now grown to the colossal 
establishment currently known as "Cramp's Ship Yard," there 
were no less than fourteen ship building concerns in operation 
between Greenwich Point and Gunner's Run, and at the start 
many of them were more extensive and important than his. But with two exceptions, namely : 
Neafie & Levy and the Charles Hillman Company, both excellent establishments though not on a 
large scale as things are reckoned now, the ship j-ard of William Cramp has survived them all. This 
fact, however, is due quite as much to the changed conditions of the industry, which imperatively 
require concentration of capital, plant and organization as to the enterprise and perseverance of William 
Cramp and his descendants. 

When the great transition came fi'om wood to iron and from canvas to steam, the old ship 3'ards 
succumbed one by one until, about 1S70, William Cramp and his sons found that the task of perpetu- 
ating the ship building supremacy of Philadelphia, in the new era, practically devolved upon them. 
How they performed this task, and how deep and broad the}' laid the foundations of the ship 3'ard that 
bears their name, such ships as the New York, Columbia and Indiana and the new Atlantic Liners may 
testify. In the sixtv-three j'ears of its existence this ship j^ard has given to commerce and to the 
public service 269 ships, and now has 13 more in various stages of construction ; and in the twenty- 
three 3'ears that have elapsed since the incorporating of a marine engine plant with the ship yard 141 
engines of every description and capacity, up to about 10,000 indicated horse-power, have been its 
output. 

The tendency to augment the size and power of steamships has now doubtless approached the 
maximum of commercial practicabilit}', but it has already reached a stage at which the small ship yard, 
except for special construction such as tugs, yachts and river craft, is necessarily a thing of the past, 
and the fourteen busy j^ards which were the pride of Phila- 
delphia sixty years ago will never be seen again. 

In conclusion, I remark that some persons entertain 
the belief that the predominence of Philadelphia in ship 
building is of recent date and due largel}' to the radical 
changes in material and conditions of construction. The 
reverse is true. There has never been a day from 17 10 to 
1894 when Philadelphia was not in the lead in everything 
pertaining to naval architecture, and since the advent of 
the steam era, in marine engineering. In the old da}'S 
Baltimore sometimes rose to the dignity- of what sporting 
people call a ' ' prett}' good second , ' ' and New York has 
undergone occasional brief spasms of ship building activit)', 
but the career of Philadelphia has been steady, her progress 
consecutive, and the rank she enjoys to-day of the first ship 
building city of the Western Hemisphere and second to none 
in the world so far as importance and quality of output are 
concerned, is simply that which she has honestly earned in 
nearly two centuries of steadfast diligence and patient skill. 




PHiLAPi-i.PinA. 





2¥^^^^^s 



The International Navigation Company. 



It seems fitting that the great corporation, which has been first to restore our national flag to its proud 
place in transatlantic steamship service, should be a distinctively Philadelphian organization, largely 
capitalized and controlled in its vast enterprises by our fellow citizens. 

This company owns and controls the American Line, between New York and Southampton and 
Philadelphia and Liverpool ; and the Red Star Line, between New York and Antwerp and Philadelphia 
and Antwerp. 

The formal raising of the American flag by the President of the United States upon the 
steamship " New York," February 22, 1S93, and a similar ceremony upon her sister ship, the 
" Paris," were regarded as events of national importance, and a theme for patriotic rejoicing. 

These magnificent vessels lead the world in maritime progress. The " City of New York," as 
she was formerly called, was the pioneer twin screw steamship, and her record of 5 days, 19 hours and 
57 minutes was the fastest eastbound passage of the period. The ' ' Paris, ' ' also of this line, made a record 
of 5 days, 14 hours and 24 minutes from Europe to America, which made her famous. The other ships 
of the New York and Southampton service are the ' ' Berlin ' ' and " Chester, ' ' to which will soon be added 
two great vessels now building, and which will be named the " Saint Louis " and the "Saint Paul." 

At the English terminal the shortest connections are made by special train for London, distant 
only one hour and forty minutes, and by fast twin screw channel steamers for Havre. The great advan- 
tage of Southampton over Liverpool, both as a point of arrival and departure in ocean travel, is under- 
stood by all who have passed over this route. Southampton is destined to become the greatest port of 
Europe, her dock system and her relative location upon the great pathway of travel being unri^-alled. 

The fi-eight traffic of the International Navigation Company is maintained upon the same broad 
plan as its passenger business. The splendid steamship " South wark " is the largest ship arriving at 
this port, the " Kensington " being a vessel of equal dimensions ; the other ships of the line being 
the " Ohio," " Indiana," " British Prince," and " British Princess." All of these vessels carry second 
cabin and steerage passengers, for which every comfort and facility are provided. 

The weekly Belgian Royal and United States mail steamers, of the Red Star Line, between New 
York and Antwerp and Philadelphia and Antwerp, are the " Friesland," " Pennland," " Westernland," 
" Rhynland," " Noordland," " Belgenland," "Waesland " and " Switzerland." This offers the traveler 
to the continent one of the shortest, cheapest, and best routes to Belgium, Holland, France, Germany, 
the Rhine, Switzerland and Italy. 

The magnificent new Pier No. 14 of the International Navigation Company, at the foot of Vesey 




Street, North River, New 
York, is the largest and 
most costly in New York, 
having a spacious second 
floor, by means of which 
passengers and their bag- 
gage are kept clear of the 
freight handling trucks and 
carriages upon the street 
level. This pier adjoins the 
Pennsylvania Railroad 

THE "SOUTHWARK." ^r- ^ ^ , -, „ 

Ferry at Cortlandt Street. 

It should be an especial matter of satisfaction to Philadelphians, that the great firm of Wm. 
Cramp & Sons have the contract for two new palatial "ocean greyhounds " which are soon to reinforce 
the present fleet, and which are to be named the "Saint Paul" and "Saint Louis." Apropos of 
these coming additions to the mercantile marine of the country Harper s Weekly not long since said : 

" They are to be the largest vessels ever constructed in America, the dimensions being =134 feet 
long on the water-line, 63 feet wide, and 42 feet deep. The gross register tonnage will be about" 1 1 ,000 
tons. The propulsion of the ' ' Saint Louis " and " Saint Paul ' ' will be by twin screws, actuated by two 
quadruple expansion engines on four cranks, which, with steam at 200 pounds pressure, will develop 
about 20,000 collective indicated horse-power. Arrangements have been made in each of the vessels for 
carrying about 320 first-class and 175 second-class passengers and 900 emigrants. The main saloon, 
which is large enough to seat all the first-class passengers at once, will be on the upper deck forward,' 
and will be arranged with a large dome in the middle, so that the appearance of the interior will be that 
of an immense dining hall in a hotel. A smoking room, library and drawing room will be prominent 
features. Many state rooms will be e7i suite, with sitting rooms and bath. These great ships will be 
absolutely unsinkable. ' ' 

The principal offices of the International Navigation Company are at 305 and 307 Walnut Street, 
Philadelphia, 6 Bowling Green, New York, and 32 South Clark Street, Chicago. 

Mr. Clement A. Griscom is the President, and has been from the inauguration of the company its 
leading spirit, and to his energy, very largely, is due the remarkable success of its undertakings. The 
reader is referred to the instructive chapter in this book, entitled "Maritime Commerce of Philadel- 
phia," which is from the pen of Mr. Griscom. 



- '■•^Vis^SlSraN e;. 



^ \SJ'=^ 






■3?.?^'' 



:t»# 



^■^' 



INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION COMPANY'S PIER NO. 14. NORTn RIVER, NEW YORK. 



The Clyde Steamship Company. 




Mr.Thomas Clyde, the 

founder of this company, 
was one of the foremost 
men of the country in the 
development of our mer- 
chant marine. Always 
abreast and often ahead of 
the times, he was quick to 
see the locked up possibilities 
in the invention of the screw 
propeller that Erriccson 
brought to this countr}^ ; and 
in 1844, only thirty-seven 
years after Fulton first sailed 
the "Clermont" on the 
Hudson, and Stevens oper- 
ated the ' ' Phcenix ' ' on the 
Delaware, Mr. Clyde built 
the twin screw ocean going 
steamer ' ' McKim , ' ' thus 
applying fifty years ago the 
principle that is now applied 
in the obtaining of high 
speed, economy and safety. Following this first twin screw steamer built for commercial purposes 
in this country, he also built the first compound engine, first triple expansion engine and the first 
steel steamship for our merchant marine. 

The "McKim," in 1846, carried a regiment of Mississippi volunteers, under the command of 
Jefferson Davis, from New Orleans to the Mexican war, and it is a singular coincidence that after the 
Rebellion another of Mr. Clyde's steamers in 1865 brought the Confederate leader a prisoner from 
Savannah to Fortress Monroe, while his steamer, "Rebecca Clyde," was the first to reach Savannah, 
after its capture by General Sherman, with an entire cargo of provisions and supplies generously 
contributed by the citizens of New York. 

He at one time entirely controlled the steamship service between New York and San Francisco, 
as well as the traffic of the Panama Railroad ; and nothing more clearly showed his ability to meet 
emergencies than the fact that in sixty days, he, from his own fleet, furnished a complete equipment 
between the ports of New York, Aspinwall, Panama, Central America and San Francisco, thus main- 
taining the Isthmus route at a time when gigantic efibrts were made to carry the entire California 
business overland. 

He died in January, 1885, leaving a fleet of some forty passenger and freight steamers, which 
run from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Norfolk, Richmond, Newberne, 
Wilmington, Georgetown, Charleston, Jacksonville, Hayti, Santo Domingo, and other West India 
ports. The business is now owned and operated by his sons, William P. and B. F. Clyde, compos- 
ing the firm of W. P. Clyde & Company whose offices are 12 South Delaware Avenue, Philadelphia, 
and 5 Bowling Green, New York. 



THE TWIN SCREW STEAMSHIP "McKIM." BUILT 1R44. 




Industries, Capital and Wages. 




By Lorin Blodget. 



The earliest attempt at an inckistrial census was made in 1850, but this, as 
well as those of subsequent decades, are well known to have been imperfect 
and misleading. An advance bulletin relating to the statistics of our local 
industries, sent out by the Census Bureau, now engaged upon the 
latest enumerations, carried upon its face the evidence which 
condemned it and compelled its recall, thus we have no basis for 
calculation, as 3'et, from the National Government. 

In the year 1883, with the efficient aid of Mayor Samuel G. 
King and the Police Department, the writer completed and published 
^ ^ -■ a census of the manufactures of Philadelphia, which has been 

widely accepted as authoritative. The conclusions therein form the foundation for such figures as I 
am now able to furnish to the " Book of Philadelphia," being the most recent data available when 
reinforced by constant research among manufacturers extending down to the present time. My 
figures are as follows : 

Minimum product, $763,820,400. The capital employed averages two-thirds of the above product. 
The number of distinct establishments is about 22,500. An average of eight establishments exists to 
each special form of industry. The number of workers employed in manufacturing industries are : 
Males, 227,500 ; females, 122,500. In 1,000 establishments, covering fifty industries, it was found that 
female employes were in the majority in two-fifths of the entire series. The productive capacity of each 
worker, represented in cash value per annum, has advanced in the past ten years about 5 per cent., 
being now about $2,100.00. The ratio of increase of wages has advanced from rather less than one- 
fifth of the selling price to one-quarter of the entire value of the product. Since 1850 the wages of 
female labor has been practically doubled, averaging now about $300.00 per annum. 

Within the past ten years many new industries have advanced from the point of experiment to 
permanence in our midst, which give lai'gely added opportunities not only for wage-earners but for the 
exploit of originality in design, exercise in taste, and superior skill. A notable instance in point is that 
of the manufacture of silk goods. While it is true that the larger mills, many of them being of great 
extent and perfectly equipped, which are engaged in the business of silk weaving, are located in the 
prosperous towns of the Lehigh Valley and through Northern Pennsylvania, there are at present 
nearly one hundred silk-making concerns in this city. Eight or ten of these only turn out the class of 
goods produced by the mills above referred to, the great majority being devoted to the manufacture of 
curtains, chenilles, laces, trimmings, decorative and artistic fabrics of every sort in which silk forms a 
leading factor. All of this form of production has been transplanted from the cities of Europe within a 
few years, and now gives steady occupation to 14,500 persons in this city, of which the female proportion 
is 64 per cent. It is not to be doubted that a line of investigation among other classes of manufacture, 
which absorb, each work-day of the year, the labor of many thousands of our thrifty and skilful work- 
people, would reveal an equally agreeable and hopeful condition of affairs. 

I may say in conclusion, that the most remarkable event of the time is the increase of industrial 
products of all kinds in the State of Pennsylvania, which is practically 100 per centum in 1890 over 
the product of 1880. No parallel of this advance exists in any other State. Our annual production 
of iron, 4,712,511 tons, is nearly one-half of that of the entire United States ; and of steel, 2,768,253 
tons, about two-thirds of the entire output of the country. In woolens we are far in advance of 
Massachusetts and New York, that interest now amounting to $90,000,000 annually. The great 
metropolis of the commonwealth is of course the chief beneficiary of these general conditions within 
the borders of the State, as well as of the thrift of all of her lesser communities. 



"5 



Secret Societies. 



By Hon. Richard Vaux and others 




Free Masonry is the most ancient of all human institutions, makes its own laws, 
maintains them and defends its principles and traditions, never permitting any inter- 
ference with its power and authority. There are 389 lodges of Free and Accepted 
Ancient York Masons in the Masonic Jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl- 
vania. There are also 119 Chapters of Royal Arch Masons, and 71 Commanderies 
of Knights Templar, 32 societies of various kinds under title of "Scottish Right," 
" Red Cross of Constantine " and "Nobles of the Mystic Shrine " also exist. It must 
be observed that it is only the lodges of Free and Accepted Masons that are Masonic 
bodies. The Grand Lodge of Pennsjdvania does not recognize as Masonic any but 
those who are in the lodges of the symbolic degrees which the Blue Lodges represent. 
While it is believed that in some, at least, of the other societies named free 
masons only can be made members, yet they are not in any way recognized by the 
Grand Lodge as Masonic. Obviously this is not the place in which to explain the 
reasons which govern the relations between these bodies and the Masonic Grand Lodge 
of Pennsylvania. The unalterable regulations of the Grand Lodge forbids the recog- 
nition as Masonic of any societies that are independent organizations, created without 
its authority. 
The membership of the order in the jurisdiction of Pennsjdvania is 46,200, and in the City of 

Philadelphia is 13,000. The number of properly organized bodies of Free and Accepted Masons is as 

follows: 61 Blue Lodges, 12 Chapters, 7 Commanderies, i Consistory, 3 Mark Lodges, i Council, 6 

School Meetings, and i Veteran Association. All of these, except five lodges which meet at Richmond 

Temple, Kensington, hold their sessions at the Masonic Temple. This magnificent edifice stands at the 

northeast corner of Broad and Filbert Streets, opposite the City Hall. It is the most costly and complete 

building for the purposes of any secret order upon the continent. It was commenced in 1868 and 

completed five years later, the total outlay being $1,700,000. It contains ten rooms for lodge 

purposes, namel}^ the Ionic, EgST^tian, Norman, Renaissance, Corinthian, Oriental, Gothic 

assembly room and the northwest 

and southwest towers. These 

apartments are richly decorated 

and furnished in appropriate styles. 

The Masonic Temple is open to the 

general public between the hours of 
10 A. M. and 2 P. M. Thursdays, 

except upon holidays or in bad 

weather. The patriotic attitude of 

Philadelphia during the days of the 

War of 1861-65, expressed in the 

large number of organizations 

recruited and sent from this city 

to the scene of conflict, in the 

great Sanitary Fair held in vast 

temporary structures erected in 

Logan Square, in the Cooper Shop 
Refreshment Saloon, where tens of 
thousands of soldiers in transit 



BCSra^IAN ROOM, MASONIC TEMPLE. 







MASOXIC TBMPLK 




f-;^ ^:j^i*--g'--^.#-^jit^ 



^tiA'tt^ -'Or 




THE NEW TEMPI. IC. 

Broad axi> ChkRry SxRErr^ I'-i \nEi.rHi\. 

TM feet on Broad St. : 17o > ^i 



Ii8 



were given hearty meals, often served by ladies of leading families, and in the unremitting eflfort 
of all classes to mitigate the horrors of the campaign and hospital have endeared our people to the 
whole country, and it is natural that in such a community the soldier order of the Grand Armj' of 
the Republic should flourish and attain a degree of success not elsewhere surpassed. There are now 
thirty-six posts in existence in Philadelphia, having a total membership of about 9,000, and embracing 
a large number of our most eminent citizens in every field of effort. Fraternity, charity and loyalty 
are constantly exemplified in the work of the order, which embraces the care of needy veterans 
and of those dependent upon them, the annual decoration of the graves of all soldiers of the war to 
be found in city cemeteries, and in maintaining the love of country and of the flag. 

The original posts of this department are Genl. George G. Meade Post i, and Post 2, both of 
which were chartered in October, 1866. Posts 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, iS and 19 were chartered before the 
close of the same year, and Posts 27, 46, 51 and 71 were chartered in 1867. The city posts since 
organized are Nos. 11, 14, 15, 21, 24, 35, 55, 56, 63, 77. 80, 94, 103, 114, 115, i6o, 191, 228, 275, 312, 
334, 363 and 400. Many of the posts own a considerable amount of property in addition to valuable 
relics of the conflict. The most notable post hall is the fine home of Post 2, upon Twelfth Street 
above Wallace, which is open to comrades and visitors daily. Naval Post and Meade Post also have 
elaborate meeting rooms, which are much visited. 

The Department Headquarters of Pennsylvania are located at 1025 Arch Street, where visiting 
comrades are always heartily welcomed. 

As an outcome of the patriotic sentiment that dominates the G. A. R. , the Sons of Veterans are 
organized in this city to an extent and perfection of excellence in discipline not attained elsewhere, 
the various camps participating in the services of Decoration Day, and in many ways working for the 
perpetuation of the flag and the Union of the States. 

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows still occupies its time-honored hall upon Sixth Street 
below Race, but has commenced a large and costly building at Broad and Cherry Streets. The order is 
very strong and influential in this city. The Order of United American Mechanics owns a large hall at 
Fourth and George Streets, up-town, the National Headquarters being at 1341 Arch Street. The Junior 
Order United American Mechanics has its office at Room 16, N. E. corner Seventh and Chestnut 
Streets. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion includes many of our distinguished soldiers. A 
memorial building is to be erected as a home for the order. The present business headquarters are at 
723 Walnut Street. The hall of the Knights of Pythias is at 1027 Race Street. This popular and 
showy order makes a fine display upon occasions of great public parades. The Improved Order of Red 
Men has its oflSce at 928 Race Street. 

Among the great number of secret orders existing in this city the following are all well known, 
and, in the aggregate, include a vast number of our citizens : Independent Order of Good Templars, 
Cadets of Temperance, American Protestant Association, Sons of Temperance, Sons of America, 
Ancient Order of Foresters, Ancient Order of Good Fellows, Knights of the Golden Eagle, Artizans 
Order of Mutual Protection, Ancient Order United Workmen, Grand Senate of Sparta, Benevolent 
Protective Order of Elks, American Legion of Honor, Knights of Honor, Ancient and Illustrious 
Order Knights of Malta, Order Sons of St. George, National British-American Association, Ancient 
Order Knights of the Mystic Chain, Knights of Labor, 814 N. Broad: Legion of the Red Cross, 
Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati, Order of the American Union, Knights of St. John and 
Malta and Royal Arcanum 







- ',*■ ~ 



^m.. 



^'^ 



'^x^ 



,■ <r^ •'-?*/ -.-^^ ri)r^ v^<^"-^i^ 






119 




tlaihj IJIjiUitiflpIjia Sturli 



Philadelphia Journals and Journalists. 




Y Charles H. Hedstis, Editor The inquirer. 



EDITOR McCI,URE'S SANCTUM. 



The journals and journalists of Philadelphia have, from before the 

Revolution, exercised a great influence in the affairs of the cit}', state 

and nation. In the crisis of political life, Philadelphia has been the 

source of public opinion, and the source of the money and the men 

that made the public opinion of the city mighty in the nation. The 

power of the pen of Benjamin Franklin has been ably maintained by 

his successors in the journalistic life of the city, but in later times 

the power of the city's great journals has been exercised more 

impersonally. Nevertheless, behind the power of the great dailies 

with their tremendous circulation, the public descry the men who 

created their prosperit}'. 

The North American is distinguished as the oldest daily newspaper in the United States, although 

the name has not been continuous. Its polished aggressive editor. Colonel Clayton McMichael, is also 

a graceful orator. He filled an important trust. Marshal of the District of Columbia, under the 

administration of President Arthur. 

The Philadclplda Inquirer is, next to the North American, the oldest Philadelphia daily — the 
oldest under one title. It was the great war paper of the State, and divided honors with the New York 
Herald. On the 2d of March, 1888, it changed hands, and through the shrewdness and energy of 
James Elverson, under whose hands two weekly journals had already turned into gold, it entered into 
an era of new prosperity and popularity'. It was the first paper to publish eight pages for one cent. 

The country at large recognizes 77?^ Press as a monument to the genius of Colonel John W. 
Forney. It is a stanch champion of American Protection, being owned by Calvin Wells, a Pennsylva- 
nia iron manufacturer, and edited to-day by an orator, diplomatist and scholar, Charles Emory Smith, 
Ex-Minister to Russia. 

The Times is acknowledged to be one of the most beautiful typographical papers in the world, 
and that is the pride of Frank McLaughlin. Its editor-in-chief. Col. A. K. McClure, wields a most 
incisive pen, is an orator of national distinction, and in one speech furnished to the Democratic party 
the biggest part of the campaign argument that elected President Cleveland. 

William M. Singer ly, by the application of marvellous business sagacity to journalism, has 
reared The Record firom almost nothing to a tower of strength. Few journals in the world excel it in 
point of circulation, and the Record Building is one of the architectural attractions of the city. 

The Public Ledger and its editor, the late George W. Childs, are names that have long spoken 
to the world in themselves. Mr. Childs was counted among the greatest philanthropists. The recent 
change in the size, number of pages and other details of the Ledger attracted attention and comment 
all over the country. Upon the death of Mr. Childs the control of the Ledger passed into the hands of 
the Drexel family, which has alwa^^s had a large financial interest in the property. 

The Evening Telegraph is one of the greatest evening journals in the land. Its editor, Charles 
E. Warburton, wields an incisive pen. A great feature of the Tclegi-aph establishment is an obituary 
library, so kept up to date that a man of an}^ note, in any part of the world, cannot die but an account 
of his life is ready for the printers. 

The Evening Bulleti?i divides the high priced journalistic field with th& Telegraph. It has 
strong Republican principles, and under the guidance of Publisher McCuUy and Editor Perrine it is 
influential and successful. 

The Evening Star " dwells apart" from its contemporaries by the distinguishing lustre of its 
special correspondence. The personality of John Russell Young shines brightly in its pages. Mr. 
Young was formerly U. S. Minister to China, and was lately one of the Vice-Presidents of the Reading 
Railroad System. The Washington letters signed " S. M." are bj' James Rankin Young, also one of 
the proprietors. 



The Evening Call is a comparatively new aspirant, and its proprietor, Mr. Robert S- Davis, has 
made it a fireside companion in many homes. It follows a path of its own, and in this respect is 
somewhat unique. It is always bright and newsy, and attracts a large patronage of intelligent readers. 
The venture has proven a success, and demonstrated the wisdom of its owner, who is also the publisher 
of the widely read ju\-enile serial, Golden Days, and the popular Saturday Night. 

The Item, an afternoon paper with a Sunday edition, covers a large territory, and especially 
reaches the working classes. Item bovs are seen in every quarter of the city, and when the //fw. wagons 
are drawn up in line on Seventh Street, at the hour of publication, they form an extended procession. 
The Item has always been especially strong in its sporting department. 

The Neivs, published in the afternoon, is a bright and spirited sheet, aiming at novelties. 

The Herald enjoys the distinction of being the only Democratic afternoon paper. 

The large German population demands German publications, the largest of which is the 
Demokrat, a newspaper of large circulation. The Hebrews have a weekly. 

With the exception of the Ledger, all the daily morning papers publish large Sunday editions. 
There are several exclusively Sunday journals, among them Taggart's Tiines_, which long has been suc- 
cessful in this field ; the Transeript, published by W. M. Bunn, ex-Governor to Idaho ; the World, the 
Despatch, the Republic and the Graphic. The Catholics are ably represented b^' the Catholic Times 
Weeklv. One of the most remarkable publications in the world is the Ladies' Home Journal, a monthly 
whose phenomenal growth is elsewhere described. 

Nearly all the trades and professions and religious denominations have their organs. Among the 
trade journals may be mentioned the Manufacturer, the Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide, the 
Carriage Monthly, the Co?i/eciionei-s' Joia-nal, etc. The long established Legal hiiellige^icer is the 
recognized authority upon court matters by the jurists of the entire State. 

A special publication of note regularly issued is the American Newspaper Annual, issued by 
the firm of N. W. A^^er & Son, of which the 14th issue has just appeared. It is a complete record of 
the journalism of the time. 

There are many interesting facts showing that Philadelphia has been in the lead in all the evolu- 
tions of the newspaper business. The third journal published in the American colonies was the 
Philadelphia Weekly Mercury, issued by Andrew Bradford, December 22, 1719. The r<-«/ was the first 
penny paper in America. It was issued in 1830, by Christopher Columbus Conwell. Philadelphia also 
gave to the country the first religious weekly and the first trade journal. The oldest American law 
journal is also Philadelphian, and the oldest medical journal, with one exception. Christopher Bauer 
here published the first Bible ever issued in America, and issued the first religious magazine of any 
description. From those times to the present, the city has led in the revolutions of journalism. What 
blessings of liberty have come to the people through the brave struggles of succeeding journalists since 
Andrew Bradford was ordered to be arrested by the Pennsylvania Assembly for publishing an editorial 
on liberty, written by Franklin, and successfully made a stand for the constitutional right of freely 
writing and speaking to the people. A Philadelphia paper was the first that ever published the debates 
of the American Congress. Coder's Ladv Book 

}| 
ft 



is mentioned among a great number of such 
journals because it was the first of its class in 
America, and because its pages introduced 
Tajdor, Holmes, Field, Longfellow, Harriet 
Beecher Stowe, Marion Harland and other 
famous authors to the world. Edgar Allen 
Poe's poem, "The Bells," was written for and 
first appeared in a Philadelphia magazine. 
The Wo/nan's Advocate was tlie first woman's 
paper, and was edited and printed here by 
women. 




Our Theatres — Past and Present. 



By G. O. SEILHAMER, The Inquirer 



."^Pf- 



The drama in America Iiad its beginning in Philadelphia, where a company 
of players was organized as early as 1749, and Philadelphia continued 
to hold the lead in theatrical development until the combination 
system made preliminary advertising an indispensable condition 
of stage production. Not only was the first theatrical com- 
pan^r in America organized in Philadelphia — that 
under Murray and Keen, which appeared in New 
York as the Philadelphia Comedians in 1750 — 
but the first permanent playhouse in this country, 
known in theatrical history as the theatre in 
South wark, was built just outside of what were 
then the city limits in 1 766, and the first American 
tragedy ever produced — ' ' The Prince of Parthia ' ' 
— by Thomas Godfrey, the younger, was played 
in this house April 24, 1767. The Southwark 
Theatre, the original walls of which are still 
standing on South Street below Fifth, was used 
for theatrical purposes by the Old American 
Company at frequent intervals for a quarter of a 
century, and it occasionally housed other com- 
panies down to 182 1, when it was burned. 

Although David Douglass, under whose 
direction the Southwark Theatre was built, was 
the builder of a chain of theatres on the Atlantic 
Coast — the theatre on John Street, New York, in 
1767, the Annapolis Theatre in 1771, and the 
First Theatre, Charleston, in 1773 — there was 
in realit)' no temple worthy of the drama in 
America previous to the erection of the New 
Theatre, by Wignell and Reinagle, on Chestnut Street, near Sixth, in 1792. The interior of this house 
was a perfect copy of the Theatre Royal, at Bath, then considered one of the handsomest theatres in 
England. Mr. Wignell engaged a remarkable company of highest players, including Mr. Fennell, who 
had achieved considerable distinction as a tragedian in London and Edinburgh; Mr. Chalmers, who had 
been received with some favor at Covent Garden ; Mrs. Whitlock, a sister of Mrs. Siddons, and Mrs. Old- 
niixon, already famous in singing ro/cs at Drury L,ane and the Haymarket. With this force, which 
comprised fifty-six people in all, Mr. Wignell arrived in the Delaware in August, 1793, but the 5-ellow 
fever was epidemic at that time, and the company in consequence was sent to Annapolis, the opening 
of the New Theatre being dela\'ed until February 17, 1794. This company'' remained practicalh' 
unbroken until 1797, when Mrs. Merry, who, as Miss Brunton, had been a great favorite at Covent 
Garden, was engaged to replace Mrs. Whitlock, together with John Bernard, also, a Covent Garden 
favorite, for the leading parts in genteel comedy. Mr. Wignell at the same time engaged a young actor 
of some promise, William Warren, for comedy old men, but he was disappointed in his young tragedian. 
Cooper, who soon quarreled with him and withdrew to New York. With slight modifications the 
organization remained unchanged until Wignell 's death in 1803. 

A few months previous to his demise Wignell had married Mrs. Merry, the principal attraction 
of the theatre, who succeeded to his interest in the management. Mrs. Wignell subsequently sent 




Warren to England for recruits, and soon after his return she married him. Mr. Warren thus became 
possessed of the property, and a year after his wife's death, in 1808, he disposed of a share in the theatre 
to WilUam B. Wood, who, for a number of years, had been the acting manager. The firm of Warren 
& Wood thus formed in 1809 lasted until 1826, when the partnership was dissolved. In the meantime 
the first Chestnut Street Theatre had been destroyed by fire in 1S20 and rebtiilt on the same site. The 
new house scarcely attained the artistic or financial success of its predecessor, and it passed through 
many managerial hands before it was finally abandoned previous to the opening of the present Chestnut 
Street Theatre in 1863. 

When the first Chestnut was burned Warren & Wood's company were in Baltimore, but when the 
performers returned to Philadelphia in the autumn they appeared in the building still known as the 
Walnut Street Theatre, the oldest playhouse now in this country. At that time the Walnut Street 
house was known as the Olympic. It was built in 1S08 for circus purposes and required many altera- 
tions to fit it for dramatic uses ; but a malicious report was put in circulation, the allegation being that 
the western wall projected to an alarming degree and that the entire building was unsafe, and the 
business of the season was much injured in consequence. That west wall stands to-day, a monument to 
the builders of 1808 and a testimony against the liars of 1820. A pleasing incident of Warren & Wood's 
first season at the Walnut was the first appearance of a young gentleman of Philadelphia who was 
determined to be an actor— Master Edwin Forrest. Like the second Chestnut, the Walnut passed under 
the control of a long list of managers, but it is to-day, as it always has been, fully abreast of the times 
in the matter of theatrical attractions. 

When Wood found himself out of the management of the Chestnut Street Theatre, with which 
all his theatrical experiences were associated, and a salaried actor in the house he had helped to build, 
it was generally believed the Walnut was to give place to a row of dwellings, and that what the interests 
of the drama in Philadelphia demanded was a new theatre on Arch Street. The house was built in 

1826 and the management offered to Wood, who accepted it reluctantly and with grave doubts of the 
issu.e. Wood opened the house for the season of 1827-8, but after an experience of three months he 
relinquished the undertaking. In 1828 Inslee & Blake made an unsuccessful attempt with the Walnut, 
and that year saw poor Warren a bankrupt at the Chestnut, with Pratt & Wemyss as the lessees, on 

New Year's Day, 1829. It was a period of transition and misfortune, and down to the close of the 
Star-stock system in the early '70's, the history of the three leading Philadelphia theatres is unintelligible 

unless told in detail, and very dull in anything like a detailed narrative. The same things are true of 

other cities, notably New York and Boston. 

It is a mistake to suppose that stock companies like that organized by the elder Wallack, in New 

York, and like that now known as Daly's are identical with those of the leading American theatres 

between 1830 and 1870. Companies in that era everywhere were for the support of stars, not for 

production, and when the star system had worn itself threadbare, the theatres of Philadelphia gracefully 

yielded to the new conditions. The Arch, under Mrs. John Drew's - _ =^ -; 

management, was the first to welcome the combination players ; then 

the Walnut, under Mr. Goodwin, reluctantly placed itself in line and 

finally the Chestnut, under Mr. Gemmill, gave way to what was inevitable. 

The change has been very great, but the promise for the future is at least 

as bright as the past was brilliant. 

For the three leading theatres of a quarter of a century ago — the 

Chestnut, the Walnut and the Arch — we now have six of equal rank : 

the Chestnut, the Walnut, the Chestnut Street Opera House, the Grand 

Opera House, the Broad and the Park, together with six others scarcely 

inferior to these, the Girard Avenue, the National, the People's, Fore- 

paugh's, the Bijou and the Empire. There are still others that cater to 

the diverse tastes of a great city, together with the only opera house in 

the countr^^ that maintains the traditions of minstrelsy — Carncross' — and 

the Academy of Music, long the home of grand opera in Philadelphia. 



124 





Clubs in Philadelphia. 



Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Clqb. 



The comparative scarcity of gorgeous club houses 
in the City of Philadelphia has its explanation in 
the fact that the home comforts of our citizens are 
far in advance of those in other cities, nevertheless, 
a large number of clubs of prominence, and having 
full membership lists exist among us, offering to 
the properly accredited stranger a warmth of hos- 
pitality not exceeded by similar institutions in any 
community in the land. 

The Philadelphian is naturally gregarious, this tendency finding an expression in the great 
membership to be accredited to the secret societies, the beneficial organizations, the numerous technical 
and scientific institutes, and various other bodies, more or less influential, not properly within the 
bounds and limitations of this chapter. 

Probably the foremost social club of this city is the time-honored 
Philadelphia, located at Thirteenth and Walnut Streets, occupying an 
exceedingly plain brick building, but which, nevertheless, is spacious and 
suitable for the purposes of the organization. It was originated in 1834, 
and is the leading and most exclusive of the strictly social clubs in the 
city. Other prosperous and successful social clubs are the Manufacturers', 
occupying a handsome and elegantly equipped new building erected for it 
on Walnut Street, just west of Broad, a non-partisan organization, but, 
nevertheless, a potent factor in national elections, most of its members 
favoring the high tariff as a protection to American industries. It wielded 
a great influence in the presidential campaign of 1888, and contributed 
largely to the election of President Harrison. The Majiiifacturer , pub- 
lished in the interests of the club, is a successful journal, and is ably 
conducted. The Mercantile, composed entirely of Israelites ; the Ritten- 
house, which is the junior ultra-swell social club of the city, and is most 
pleasantly located on Walnut Street, opposite Rittenhouse Square ; the 
Columbia, occupying an attractive new structure at Broad and Oxford 
Streets, its membership being principally composed of residents of the 
northern section of the city ; the Caledonia Club, composed of citizens of 
Scottish antecedents; the Markham, of 1405 Locust Street; and the 
Colonial Club, of German town, an aristocratic and exclusive social 
organization. 

The Union League, 
occupjnng its spacious and 
completely equipped building 
on Broad Street, half way 
between Chestnut and Walnut 
Streets, is the foremost of the 
socio - political clubs. The 
building was erected for the 
organization and is used ex- 
clusively for club purposes, 

las 





THE COLONIAL CLDB, GERMANTOWN. 



MANUFACTURERS CLUB. 



1\ 





and is one of the most 
convenient and best 
appointed club houses 
in the country. The 
Union League origi- 
nated during the War 
of the Rebellion, and 
was founded by thirty- 
eight gentlemen loyal 
to the Union, who 
adopted the title of 
"The Union Club," 
and held their first 
meeting on the 21st 
of November, 1862, 
during the darkest 

hours of the war. The '^- — 

members met at each the mercantile club. 

other's houses in turn for a while and then it was determined to enlarge its usefulness and influence, 
and permanent quarters were secured in February, 1863, resulting eventually in the erection and 
occupancy of the present elegant and spacious quarters. Hon. John Russell Young, now its Pres- 
ident, was the first Secretary of the original Union Club, from which the present organization sprang. 
Since the close of the war the L,eague has not taken a very active part in politics. It is still under the 
control of members holding to the sentiments of the founders, and though it alwa3'S throws its influ- 
ence in favor of good candidates, it can hardly be considered a working political organization. 
Others of a political character deserving mention are the Union Republican Club, at Eleventh and 
Chestnut Streets ; The Young Republican Club, at Twelfth and Chestnut Streets ; The Americus 
(Democratic) Club, at Broad and Chestnut Streets ; the Pennsylvania Club, at 1423 Walnut Street, 
and the Young Men's Democratic Battalion, at 109 South Broad Street. 

The literary element is strongly represented in the Penn Club, located at 720 Locust Street, 
famous for its attentions to distinguished sojourners in the city, and to citizens who have, by some 
notable action, merited the gratitude and esteem of the community. The Pen and Pencil Club, on 
Walnut Street below Eleventh, is composed of acti\-e workers upon the local newspapers, and a most 

enjoyable evening al- 
ways awaits its guests. 
The artistic organ- 
izations include the 
Art Club, occupying a 
beautiful structure 
upon Broad Street be- 
1 o w Walnut; the 
Sketch Club, probably 
the oldest organiza- 
tion of the kind in the 
United States, having 
its Bohemian habitat 
at 201 South Eleventh 
Street. It includes the 
larger portion of the 
male art element in 
the city, and its fre- 



THF. COLrMET.^ CLDB- 




:zmii:^ 







0NIOIsr LEAGUE. 





'^^S/iPW^WP-'' 



^ 



■t:JUju^j.A t-d-^tJt I Si. 



ART CLUB. 




ATHLETIC CLUB SCHUYLKILL NAVV. 



quentlj' recurring in- 
formal receptions are 
much in vogue. 

The Sketch Club 
has always exerted a 
marked and beneficial 
influence upon the pro- 
gressive art spirit of 
the city. 

The Musical or- 
ganizations include 
the Orpheus, the Man- 
uscript Society, the 
Utopia and the Men- 
delssohn Clubs. The 
lovers of Chess have 
a strong club. 

The Turf Club, 
at 44 South Broad St., 

and the Sparring and Fencing Club, at 36 South Sixteenth Street, are devoted to the purposes indicated. 
The aristocratic Countrs' Club, located in the vicinity of Fairmount Park, at Falls Road and City 
Line Avenue, is an objective point of the equally exclusive Coaching Club's members. 

In the matter of gustatory clubs, Philadelphia has a world-wide reputation. The ancient " State 
in Schuylkill ' ' is said to be the oldest club in the world. Its present home is upon the Delaware River, 
a few miles above the cit3^ This venerable institution was founded in 1732, and guests as well as 
members assist in preparing and cooking the viands at the notable dinners held in the " Castle." The 
membership is limited to twenty-five members, with a number of apprentices in addition. In olden days 
the club was located within the present confines of Fairmount Park, upon the Schuylkill River, and 
afterward, until a few years since, upon the same stream below Gra3''s Ferry. That unique coterie, the 
Clover Club, holds its monthly dinners at the Bellevue Hotel, members and guests usually assembling 
at five o'clock, p. m. Neither dignit}-, age nor rank secures for the guest at the Clover dinners 
immunity from the must merciless yet ever good-natured raillery, and a flaw in the armor of the stranger 

is quickly found. The Five O'clock Club is conducted 
upon a similar plan, and also meets at the Belle\-ue. The 
Roast Beef and Skillet and Pan Clubs are composed of 
members of the Manufacturers' Club, and dine at the 
beautiful club house of the latter body. The Ishmaelites 
Club is made up of members of the Union League Club. 

The Rabbit Club, located near West Fairmount 
Park, has a quaint, old-style club house, which members 
adopt as an objective point in suburban drives. It is 
an exclusive body of well-known citizens. Athletic and 
Cycling clubs are referred to in separate chapters. 

The professions are represented in the Engineers' 
Club and the Lawyers' Club, the Chapter of Architects 
(see Architecture), in South Penn Square, opposite the 
City Hall ; the United Service Club, composed of oflicers 
of the military and naval service of the United States, 
upon Broad Street above Locust ; the Photographic 
Societ\', occupjdng a fine building adapted to purposes 
of exhibition upon Eighteenth Street below Market. The 
Physicians, Dentists and Instructors have their several 
organizations for both social and professional benefit. 




128 



CALEDONIA CLUB. 



The New Century Club. 



Anne L. Litch. 



The New Century Club was organized January, 1877, 
with a membership of about forty women, Mrs. S. C. F. 
Hallowell being the first President. In February, 
1879, the number of members having increased to one 
hundred and twenty, a charter was applied for, and 
was granted the following March. The purposes and 
objects of the Club are very clearly defined in Article 
II of the Constitution, viz. : "To create an organized 
centre of thought and action among women for the 
protection of their interests, and the promotion of 
science, literature and art, and to furnish a quiet and 
central place of meeting in Philadelphia for the com- 
fort and convenience of its members." The governing 
body is an Executive Board, consisting of eighteen 
women, nine of whom are elected annually to serve for 
a term of two years. The officers are chosen from the 
Executive Board by the Club, both elections being by 
ballot. 

There are at present ten standing committees, as 
follows : Club Organization, Reception, Entertain- 
ment, Study, Library, Working Woman's Guild, Ed- 
ucation, Legal Protection of Working Women, Public 
Interests, Browning Society. The By-Laws require 
that the chairman of each committee shall be a member 
of the Executive Board. 

In 1889, the membership having outgrown the 
capacity of the rooms on Girard Street, where the Club 
first located, larger accommodations were procured in 
the Baker Building, 1520 Chestnut Street. Still the 
increasing membership, at this period numbering four hundred, demanded larger space, and in January, 
1890, the New Century Company, with a capital stock of $50,000, and composed exclusively of Club 
members, was organized for the purpose of providing " a Club House for the comfort and convenience 






UBRARY — NEW CENTURY CLUB, 



CLUB PARLOR — NEW CENTDRV CLUB. 



of the New Century Club, and to furnish, equip and maintain the same." The Club House, located at 
124 South Twelfth Street, was planned by Mrs. Henry C. Townsend, the President of the New Century 
Company, the architect being Mrs. Minerva Parker Nichols, under whose personal supervision and 
direction the building was erected. It is in the style of the Italian Renaissance, and is built of 
Pompeiian brick and Indiana limestone. The private rooms of the Club are on the first floor, and 
comprise parlors, library, reception, committee and cloak rooms. 

The New Century Drawing Room, which occupies the greater portion of the upper floors, has a 
seating capacity of nearly six hundred. Its walls are embellished by groups of figures, the work of 
Miss Gabrielle Clements, symbolizing Charity, Labor, Science and Art. The subdued tints and tones 
of these mural decorations furnish the motif iox the coloring of the entire room, and give to it an air of 
delicacy and refinement. 

The cost of the building and equipment of the Club House was about $80,000. 

The membership of the Club is limited to six hundred, and at present there are no vacancies. 



Working Women's Guilds. 




By Kate L. Gallagher. 



Within the last decade a unique feature of work among self-supporting 
women has been the formation of guilds and societies for various 
purposes, but more particular!}^ for self-improvement. As many of 
^ the members were compelled to leave school at an earl}' age, the necessity of 
counteracting this disadvantage was soon apparent, and led to the formation 
of evening classes in arithmetic, grannnar, spelling, reading, penmanship, 
literature, and in addition French, German, stenography, typewriting, dress- 
making, milliner}', and various other branches. The success of the movement 
was assured from the start, as it offered advantages that could not be obtained 
at the night schools, where regularity of attendance and a more rigid system of 
instruction shut out a large number of working women. The method pursued by the guilds calls 
generall}' for one lesson a week in each branch, and in addition to educational advantages, is more 
social in its character, and partakes largely of the nature of a club. A few of the larger societies 
have the use of an entire house, in which case there are parlors, class-rooms, a library, a gymnasium, 
and sometimes a place where a member may bring her lunch and have a cup of hot tea or broth during 
her noon hour. While these institutions were springing up in various parts of the city, an influence 
was at work which finally concentrated their forces, and led to the formation on April 21, 1891, of the 
Association of Working Women's Societies, which now includes thirteen societies and represents a 
membership of nearly 4,000 working women. 

Its objects are, as stated in its constitution, " To bring into communication, strengthen and knit 
together the societies of which it is composed and to protect their interests ; to make known the aims 
and advantages of working women's societies, and to promote the adoption of right principles in their 
formation and management, and to encourage the formation of new societies." The Association is 
non-sectarian, and is governed by a council composed of delegates from the guilds and societies 
belonging to the organization in the proportion of one delegate for each 100 mernbers and fraction 
thereof. The council elects its own president, secretary and treasurer, and the meetings are held 
monthly at the rooms of the New Century Guild, 1227 Arch Street, where questions and measures are 
discussed looking to the well-being and protection of the women forming the Association. The St. 
James and New Centur}' Guilds are the largest two in the association, and number over 600 members 
each, in addition to which the New Century Guild has about 700 more in the evening classes, as they 
are open to non-members also, on payment of a small fee. The latter society publishes its own paper 
the " Working Woman's Journal," which contains the proceedings of the monthh' business meetings, 
the reports of the various committees, and of the entertainments held monthly in the parlors, and in 
fact of all matters pertaining to the guild and its work. 



130 



Our Prisons. 



By Hon. Richard Vaux. 




The first prison in Philadelphia was located at Second and Market 
Streets and was in use nearly one hundred j^ears ago. In it were 
confined criminals vagabonds and runaway apprentices. Both sexes 
were indiscriminately associated, and its horrors forced a reform in 
this method of incarceration. The next prison stood at the south- 
west corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets. Another prison stood at 
the southwest corner of Broad and Arch Streets. This belonged to 
the county. Debtors were there held in custody. Early in the 
present century efforts were made to devise a more efficacious system 
of imprisonment and abolish the association of prisoners together 
while in durance. This resulted in the erection of the State 
Penitentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania upon what was 
then called Coates Street, near the Schuylkill River, and which is still called " CheiTy Hill." It was 
opened for the reception of prisoners in 1829. The law applied to this prison effected the entire separation 
of every prisoner from his fellows. Each convict had a room to himself. This was called the ' ' solitary 
system " as the only other mode of imprisonment was the associate system with all its evils. The true 
designation was the "separate system," but the former term is still preferably used by the uninformed. 
The method as it has been enforced now for half a century of experience is properly called the industrial 
treatment system. The record of this penitentiary for sixty years proves that it has accomplished gi'eat 
benefits for the convicts and society. The House of Refuge for incorrigible youths was located at the 
intersection of Coates Street, now Fairmount Avenue, and Ridge Road. It was maintained upon the 
associate plan and was more of a place of detention than a prison. Later the buildings near Cherry 
PI ill were erected and the former structures torn down. At the present extensive House of Refuge in 
Delaware county, the inmates are taught in the skilled industries and in mental branches of study with 
the best results. When the old prison at Arch and Broad Streets was demolished, the city and county of 
Philadelphia erected the local prison known as Moyamensing. 

This building has been found imperfect for its uses. In it were three departments, respectively, 
for male criminals, one for untried persons charged with crime, and one for those held in custody under 
civil process. The inspectors are now erecting a most admirable building near Holmesburg, in the 
county of Philadelphia. All of the improvements that experience has found to be of value are to be 
found in its plan. Within a few years past a county institution called the " House of Detention " has 
been established near Holmesburg. The inmates who are sentenced for minor offences are placed at 
work outside of the confines of this prison in stone quarrying and agricultural labor. This is yet an 
experiment. This concludes the mention of all institutions that may be classed as places of involuntary 
confinement in Philadelphia city and county. 

The Eastern Penitentiary is the most prominent in the list of such institutions, either in the 
United States or Europe. Several of the continental countries have adopted its system. England has 
gravitated towards its effectual principles of convict treatment. 

When opened in 1829, nine prisoners were held as inmates. From that year to end of 1892 a 
total of 16,629 prisoners have been received. In 1892, 474 persons were convicted and sent to the 
Penitentiary. A trifle less than one-fourth of the whole have been foreign born. Each person confined 
in the Eastern Penitentiary works in his own room. No machinery is used. It is desired to teach each 
convict to labor with his hands as the best reforming agency that has yet been devised. Each prisoner 
has characteristics peculiar to himself. The rule of treatment is flexible. It is applied to his history, 
temperament and character. Eabor is used entirely as a reformatory measure and not as a badge of 



punishment for crime. After the 
completion of a fixed and moderate 
task all overwork performed by the 
prisoner is credited to him, and 
the money is used in supporting 
his family while he is in prison, or 
if he has no family he may take it 
away when he is discharged. The 
State allows him five dollars if he 
lives within fifty miles of Philadel- 
phia and ten dollars if he lives more 
than that distance from the city. 
The cost of these buildings from 
1830, with the additions till 1892, 
was $988,183.69. 

The front of the Penitentiary 
is composed of large blocks of 
squared granite; the walls are 35 
feet high, 12 feet thick at the base, 
and diminish to the top, where they 
are 2^ feet in thickness. A wall 
30 feet in height above the interior 
platform, incloses an area of 640 
feet square. At each angle of the 
wall is a tower. The facade, or 
principal front, is 670 feet in length. 
The central building is 200 feet 
long, and consists of two projecting 
massive square towers, 50 feet high, 
crowned by embattled parapets, sup- 
ported by pointed arches resting on 
corbels or brackets. 

The great gateway is 27 feet 
high and 1 5 feet wide, and filled by 
massive wrought iron portcullis and 
double oaken gates studded with 
projecting iron rivets, the whole 
weighing several tons ; nevertheless, 
they are opened and closed with the 
greatest facility. A lofty octangular 
tower surmounts the entrance. 

The ' ' centre building " is 40 
feet in diameter, and from it the 
various corridors radiate. It is two 
stories in height. The second story 
is used as the convicts' library, 
which contains nearly 9000 volumes. 
On top is a lantern and lookout. 
The centre building stands in the 
exact centre of the enclosure. 
There are ten corridors, on each 
side of which the rooms, 730 in 




number, are situated at right angles to and communicating with them. The majority of the rooms 
have yards attached, which the convicts are permitted to use a Hmited time each day for exercise. 

The sanitary conditions of the rooms are of the best. They are well lighted in the daj^time, 
comfortably furnished, and at night each cell is illuminated with an electric light, all corridors being 
similarly illuminated. Thirty arc lights dispel all shadows from the grounds at night. In the corridors, 
rooms and out-buildings there are 5,000,000 cubic feet of space lighted and heated. Visitors are 
permitted to inspect the prison under proper restrictions and through a card of admission. 



Our Compar ative Mo rtality Rate. 

By WiLUAM H. Ford, M. D., President of the Board of Heai,th. 



In preparing the accompanying table of the mortality rate in fourteen cities of America and Europe, it 
was found necessary to base the calculations of the years 1880 and 1890 upon the census reports of 
population. The inter\'ening years are based upon the estimated population. So far as Philadelphia is 
concerned we know that the record of deaths is correct. It will be observed that our city is thus shown 
to be one of the healthiest large communities in the world. It will also be seen that the fluctuation in 
the different years has been comparatively slight, showing that under all circumstances the health of the 
city is more or less uniformly good. The estimated population and calculated death rate of all other 
cities is taken from their own reports and made according to their own methods. The work of compila- 
tion thus presented has been done by Mr. J. V. P. Turner, Chief Registration Clerk of the Board of 
Health. 



CITIES. 



Philadelphia . . 
New York .... 

Chicago 

Boston 

Baltimore 

Brooklyn 

New Orleans . . 

St. Louis 

San Francisco . 
Cincinnati ... 
Providence . . . 
London s 

"3 

Paris I s -j 

= 1 I 
Berlin | [ 



POPULATION 
CENSUS OF 

1880. 



846,980 

1,206,299 

503,185 
362,839 

332.313 
566,663 

216,090 

350.518 
233.959 
255,139 
104,857 
3,894,000 

2,269,000 
1,122,400 







Death Rate Per iooo 


OF Population. 






population 


























1880 


1881 


1882 


1883 


1884 


1885 


1886 


1887 


1888 


1S89 


1890 


1890. 


20.91 


22.48 


22.62 


22.13 


21-55 


22.53 


20.59 


21.85 


20.04 


19-74 


20.76 


1,046,964 


26.41 


31.00 


29-5 


25-7 


25-7 


25-4 


25.8 


26.1 


26.2 


25-1 


24.6 


1,515,301 


20.79 


25.60 


23.60 


19.92 


19.80 


18.76 


19-43 


20.27 


19.00 


17.48 


18.22 


1,099,850 


23-53 


22.67 


21.91 


22.76 


22.48 


24.04 


23-17 


25.18 


24-57 


24.42 


22.70 


448,477 


24-33 


22.37 


21.81 


22.93 


20.27 


19-55 19-98 


19.16 


17.87 


17.40 


22.41 


434,439 


19-75 


23.22 


23.07 


20.36 


20.15 


21.18 : 21.04 


22.02 


22.04 


22.14 


23-05 


806,343 


26.02 


29.26 


26.71 


33-50 


31-43 


28.50 


26.43 


25.02 


25-41 


23.92 


28.50 


242,039 


18.09 


22.07 


19.06 


20.04 


19.07 


18.07 


20.6 


21.8 


20.49 


17.78 


18.45 


460,367 




23.09 


25-36 


22.81 


21.36 


21.00 


22.18 


17-63 


18.63 


20.06 


28.50 


298,997 


18.49 


21.78 


24-54 


21.12 


20.33 


18-37 


18.98 


19.97 


18.44 


l8.22 


19.81 


296,908 


19.84 


19-56 


19.06 


19.89 


19.00 


18.33 


19.62 


21.50 


21.30 


19.36 


21.77 


148,944 


21.6 


2X.3 


21.5 


20.88 


20.9 


20.4 


20.6 


20.3 


19-3 


1S.4 


21.4 


4,229,056 


25-32 


24.6 


25-3 


24-3 


24.4 


23-4 


29.4 


22.5 


21.9 


23-0 


23-3 


2,424,705 


29.6 


27.29 


25.92 


28.92 


26.33 


24.38 


25-63 


2 1. 84 


20.30 


23.0 


21-53 


1,330,080 



133 




The Northern Home. 




Among the great number of charities, each doing its noble work for humanitj', with 
which Philadelphia is endowed, the institution lovingly known to its friends and 
thousands of former inmates by the above title, has an unrivalled place. Its full name 
is " The Northern Home for Friendless Children and Associated Institute for Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Orphans." 

It occupies plain but substantial buildings with ample play grounds, at the 
intersection of Twenty-third and Brown Streets. The institution was organized in 
1853, its object being to support and educate friendless orphan children, beginning 
with the Kindergarten and ending with the High School. Some of its male graduates 
have received appointments to West Point and Annapolis, and scores of successful business men of 
to-day, spent their tender years beneath this hospitable roof. Many others ai'e now in the service of the 
Pennsjdvania and the Reading Railroads and in our large banking concerns. Among the girl graduates 
there are many now occupying responsible positions in the higher vocations of life. 

The children are taught not only the usual branches of common school education , but the boys 
are instructed in carpentering, cabinet-making, machinery work and kindred useful trades. The progress 
made by the girls in drawing, painting and music is no less notable than the skill displayed in dress- 
making and cookerjr. The well-known Matthew Baird Brass Band, of twenty-two pieces, is composed 
of pupils of this institution and is maintained b\' Chas. O. Baird, Esq., son of the distinguished citizen 
whose name they bear. This was the first institution in the United States to receive the children of 
those who desired to enlist at the outbreak of the war, and to build a special home for soldiers' and 
sailors' orphans, 1303 of whom were subsequently maintained and educated here. 

The total number of graduates, including the above number, to date is 6516. 
medals are awarded by the Board of Managers. During its forty years of existence 
Home" has enjoyed the assistance and care of many distinguished men, among 
whom should be remembered John W. Claghorn, Esq., at whose residence the 
"Northern Home" was organized, and who was one of the incorporators; 
and the Rev. E. W. Hutter, whose writings and labors in behalf of the work 
were of great service. The support of the institution is derived from annual 
appropriations from the State, annual individual subscriptions and legacies 
which are invested as a permanent fund. 

The present officers are : President, Mrs. E. E. Hutter; Vice-Presidents, 
Mrs. John B. Hejd and Mrs. Wm. H. Kemble ; Secretary, Mrs. Mary L. 
Chaplain; Treasurer, Miss Eouise E. Claghorn ; Secretary of Admission, Mrs. 
Wm. P. Conover, Jr. ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Anna M. Grove. It is a 
notable fact that the lady who was elected the original President still actively 



Diplomas and 

the " Northern 




134 



occupies the same position. The Board of Managers numbers twenty-five ladies. The Trustees and 
Physicians are gentlemen of well-known social business and professional standing. The Superintendents 
are Miss M. M. Walk and Mrs. Jennie Harshberger. Among the active managers are Mrs. George I. 
Young, Mrs. Theodore Trewendt, Miss Sallie Horn, Mrs. E. A. Heintz. 



The Sanitarium Association. 



By Dr. Wii^uam H. Ford. 



' '"HrJ 



li"!t^> 







^^^^^'^^m 




In a city so liberally 
provided with relief 
and charitable 
associations, it 
would seem invid- 
ious to select single 
instances of effort 
in the field of 
humanity, but the 
work of the Sani- 
tarium Association 
of Philadelphia is 
so u n u s u a 1 and 
extended in its 
character and the 
beneficent effects of 
its system are so 
apparent, that its 
methods will inter- 
est readers in other 
communities. 

The Asso- 
ciation is composed 
of about sixt)^ well- 
known citizens and 
•ladies, and the con- 
tributors of money or materials are many hundreds. Two roomy and clean steamboa:ts belonging to the 
Association convey, each day of the heated term, thousands of the children of the poor districts, and 
those having them in charge, usually mothers, down the Delaware Ri\-er to Red Bank, a pleasant place 
where everybody is made happy for the day. Sick children and invalid mothers are provided with 
medicine, the hungry are fed and the squalid are clothed. During the season of 1892 over 130,000 
persons were thus enabled to escape from the narrow streets and alleys for a day into the pure air of the 
country. Formerly the percentage of deaths in Philadelphia of children under five years of age was about 
41 per cent, of the total mortality. It has been reduced to an average of about 37 per cent. , representmg 
an annual saving of child life of nearly 400 individuals. This decrease in childhood mortality was 
coincident with the establishment of the Sanitarium in 1S78. Of the great army of the poor and 
debilitated who visited the Red Bank Sanitarium last season, 105,267 were children, and of these 67,924 
were under five years of age. The total cost, per capita, to the institution is about ten cents, which 
includes the refreshing steamer ride, food, attendance, medicine if needed and bathing. Several 
endowments and numerous contributors provide the means to cover this outlay. The President 
of the Sanitarium Association is Mr. George D. McCreary, the City Treasurer of Philadelphia, and 
among the managers are numbers of leading physicians. 




ONE OF THE SANITARIUM STEAMERS 



135 



Historical Buildings and Places. 



> 1bc 




The Quaker City, which has been the theatre of so much of 
great import in the early history of the colonies and the United 
States, and the home of so many distinguished men, is pecu- 
liarly rich in the possession of visible relics of the past. The 
chief of these is Independence Hall, from the southern windows 
of which the visitor looks out upon the ever beautiful square, 
its walks shaded with noble trees and its lawns well kept. 
This is the repository of numerous relics of the revolutionary 
era, among them being the Liberty Bell, and the heavy oaken 
frame upon which it formerly rested. The room in which the 
ordinance of the Declaration of Independence was passed and 
the document signed is preserved as nearly as possible with the 
original furniture in its original appearance. Two blocks below 
and leading away from Chestnut Street, is a small by-way 
leading to Carpenter's Hall, a quaint and modest building now 
nearly smothered by the vast modern structures about it. Here 
was assembled, nearly two years prior to the immortal event of July 4, 1776, the first Continental 
Congress. It is now maintained as a public relic by the Carpenter's company, and is often visited by 
strangers. The first American flag was made by Betty Ross, in a little building at 239 Arch Street, 
which is still standing. 

' Old Christ's Church is located upon Second Street just north of Market, and is a fine example 

of colonial architecture. In point of interest it divides honors with old Swede's Church in Southwark. 
(See chapter on churches.) 

Upon busy Arch Street just below Fifth, one may observe an open space in the high brick wall 
guarding the cemetery of Christ's Church, through the railing of which is to be seen the grave of the 
great printer, philosopher and statesman, Benjamin Franklin. William Penn's house formerly standing 
in Letitia Street, near Second and Chestnut Streets, is now located in Fairmount Park, just beyond the 
western end of Girard Avenue bridge. Several historic country houses are still carefully preserved 
in the Park. (See chapter on Parks.) Many buildings exist in the oldest portion of the city near the 
wharves of the Delaware, given over to the basest uses of trade which were once the princely mansions 
of well-to-do citizens. There are, too, many quiet court yards around which the windows of busy 
offices look down which have, perchance, seen many stirring episodes. In one of these, just off from 
Willing's Alley below Fourth Street, is the peaceful Catholic institution of St. Josephs, which many 
associate with the pathetic reunion of Evangeline and her lost lover Gabriel, when 

" On a Sabbath morn, through the streets, deserted and silent. 
Wending her quiet way, she entered the door of the ahnshousc," 
And " sweet on the summer air was the odor of flowers in the garden." 





CHRIST CHURCH. 



The Francis Perot's Sons Malting Co, 



1687 



The Oldest Business House in America. 




1 



n 




ii, 

5n the lobby of the Philadelphia Library, on Locust Street, 
the visitor to that institution may observe a time-worn 
painting,* which bears every evidence of conscientious 
effort upon the part of the artist, Peter Cooper by name, 
to depict the young town of Philadelphia as it appeared 
about the year 1720. Among the quaint structures ranged 
along the river front, to which the artist directs attention 
by a legend at the bottom of the picture, is the "Brew 
House of Anthony Morris," a concern which had then 
been in existence some thirty-three years, and enjoyed a 
good reputation for its excellent beverages among the colonists of the time. It was located upon 
Front Street, below Walnut, and the building now occupying the site contains a memorial tablet of 
this early industr}'. 

Upon Vine Street above Third, at the present time, stands the building of The Francis Perot's 
Sons Malting Co., a concern which is the outgrowth and continuation of the original business 
founded by the fellow-voyager and associate of William Penh, and which is conducted by the seventh 
and eighth generations of his direct descendents. This business house is the oldest in America, and 
probably the oldest concern conducted b}^ members of the same family in the world. 

The long interval of more than two centuries witnessed a removal to Dock and Pear Streets 
about 1745, into a building still standing and in use as a planing mill ; an other removal many 
years later, to a location upon Second Street above Cherry, and lastly in the year 1818, to the 
present establishment. The Morris family bore an honorable part in the progress of the young and 
growing city. Anthony Morris was the second Mayor of Philadelphia, and the Supreme Judge ot 
the State; Captain Samuel Morris, of the fourth generation, was the first commander of the City 
Troop during the term of its service in the War of the Revolution as the body guard of General 
Washington, and he was Governor of the State in Schujdkill, the famous old fish-house, for forty- 
six years. 

The Perot branch of the familj^ is of Huguenot origin, with its traditions of the massacre 
of St. Bartholomew. Elliston Perot came to Philadelphia from Bermuda, in the latter part of the 
eighteenth century with his brotlier John. They established on the Delaware River front between 
Market and Arch Streets a large West India trade, under the name of Elliston & John Perot. Francis 
Perot, a son of Elliston, was indentured to Thomas and Joseph Morris in 1814, and in 1823 married a 
daughter of Thomas Morris, of the fifth generation finally succeeding to the business, and with his 
brother William S. Perot continuing the brewery until 1850, after which they confined themselves to 
malting exclusively, being succeeded by the firm of Francis Perot's Sons in 1868. .Francis Perot died 
in 1885, his son Mr. T. Morris Perot, his son-in-law, Edward H. Ogden, and grand-son, Mr. Elliston 
Perot now conducting the busine.ss under its present title. 

Mr. T. Morris Perot is well known in public aifairs, and as President of the Mercantile 
Library Company has contributed a valuable chapter to this book to which the reader interested in 
libraries of the city is referred. 

The first stationary steam engine built and operated in the United States was made for 
Francis Perot by Thos. HoUoway in 1S19 and was in use in the brewery fifty-three years. It 
was long believed to be the oldest machine of the kind in the world, but this is now in doubt. 



* See Illuslratiou with Chapter on " Philadelphia — Its Charters and Governments." 

13S 




THE OLDEST STEAM ENGINE IN AMERICA. 

BUILT BY THOMAS HOLLOWAY, 1S19. 

OVER FIFTY YEARS IN CONSTANT USE AT PERCT'S 

MALT HOUSE. 



to keep it iu running order, and in its 

William T. Blumner, to whom the writer is indebted for much 

some missing parts. 



The curious may see it at the present time in 
the j-ard of the malt house. When put into service it 
was viewed with wonder bj^ crowds of astonished people 
from near and far, few of whom perhaps, realized that 
this \vas the pioneer of a moti^-e power which has been 
the most potent influence in the making of not only 
a great nation, but in the progress of the industries of 
the civilized world. 

The sketch made by the writer, and which was 
primarily intended for use in the Trades League's Book 
OF Phii..\delphia, indicates the general appearance of 
the Perot engine. An iron box, 5 feet long, 2 feet deep 
and 20 inches wide formed the condenser, being con- 
stantly filled with cold water. A vertical cylinder, 40 
inches long, together with the valve chest, was bolted to 
the box. The piston rod connected directly with a crank 
upon a shaft placed on the floor above, upon which re- 
volved the 6-foot fly-wheel and the driving pulley. The 
governor, a vast affair, was also rigged above stairs. 
The engine developed about 10 horse-power. The 
gauge consisted of a glass tube containing a consider- 
able quantity of mercury, from the top of which a long 
stick projected, marked as a pressure indicator. 

The infirmities of this pioneer engine were con- 
siderable and frequent, and for many years a well-known 
machinist, Mr. Henry C. Blumner, was regularly engaged 
old age the same service was performed by hii son, 
help in restoring, in the drawing. 



Wherein We Are First. 



The first Law School in America opened here in 1790. 

The first American Flag was made at No. 239 Arch Street. 

The first American Volunteer Fire Company was organized here in 1736. 

The Mint of the United States was established here in 1792, by Act of Congress. 

The first Coins made in the United States were struck at No. 29 North Seventh Street. 

The first Medical School in the United States was inaugurated in Philadelphia, in 1751. 

The first Paper Mill built in America was erected upon the Wissahickon Creek, in 1690. 

The first Pianoforte manufactured in the United States was made here by John Behrent, in 1775. 

The Mariners' Quadrant was invented by Thomas Godfrey, in Germantown, Philadelphia, in 1730. 

The Philadelphia Water-works, the first of the kind in the country, were commenced May 2, 1799. 

The first Hospital in connection with a university in the United States was opened in Philadelphia. 

The first Public Library in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin, in 1731 . 

The theory that lightning and electricity were the same was demonstrated by Franklin, in 1752. 

The first American Expedition for Arctic exploration left Philadelphia, March 4, 1753. 

The first Vessel moved by steam was navigated at Philadelphia by John Fitch, July 20, 1786. 

The first School of Anatomy in America was opened here bj' Dr. William Shippen, in 1762. 

The first Pleasure Grounds for the people, laid out in America, were dedicated here in 1681. 

The first Experimental Railroad Track laid down in the United States was put down in a yard 
adjoining the Bull's Head Tavern, Philadelphia, in September, 1809. 

The American Philosophical Institution, the first institution devoted to science in America, was 
founded in this cit)' by Benjamin Franklin, in 1743. 

The first Lightning Rod used in the world was set up by Benjamin Franklin, at his dwelling- 
house on the southeast corner of Second and Race Streets, in September, 1752. 




The Mint of the United States 
at Philadelphia. 



By O. C. Bosbyshell, Ex-Superintendent. 



The Mint of the United States was established by the Act of April ?, 1792, and has 
the distinction of having been provided for in the first building erected for public 
purposes under the Federal Government. This building was erected on Seventh Street, 
near Arch. The corner-stone was laid by David Rittenhouse, July 31, 1792. The 
superstructure was of plain brick. It was occupied in the October following, and the 
structure continued in use for about forty years. 

By the Act of May, 1829, the present site was purchased, and the corner-stone 
of the new building was laid on the Fourth of Juh' following. It is located at the 
corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets, with a front of 150 feet on Chestnut and of 204 
feet on Juniper Street. The structure is of white marble, of Grecian architecture, with 
two porticos, one on Chestnut Street and one on South Penn Square. It was finished 
and occupied in 1833. As originally constructed the building was not fire-proof, but 
has since been much altered interiorly and rendered practically fire-proof. 

From the organization of the Mint until 1873 the Director of the Mint was 
located in the Mint at Philadelphia, and was charged with the super\'ision of the branch Mints and 
Assay Offices of the United States. By the Act of 1873 a Bureau of the Mint was created and located 
in the Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. The Director supervises the work of the Mint and 
Assay Offices, and the Coinage Mints, as well as the Assay Offices at New York, are bj' the same act 
administered bj' superintendents. The Mint has four operative officers : Assayer, Melter and Refiner, 
Coiner, and Engraver. All dies for the several branch mints are made at the Philadelphia Mint, and all 
minor coinage is also executed there. The Mint is open to the public from 9 A. m. to 12 noon of every 
working day, except during the annual settlement and while the machinery is shut down for repairs. 
The visitors are shown the processes from the fine bars to the coinage presses, and are attended by 
intelligent ushers, who give brief explanations of the various processes. The museum of rare coins 
and curios, together with a large and valuable collection of medals from all parts of the world, is one 
of the most interesting points. 

The Troy pound, which is the unit of weight in all of the Mints and Assay Offices of the United 
States, is kept in a strong vault at the Philadelphia Mint, and annually a commission is appointed by 
the President to conduct the annual assay and try the weights used in the Mints by the Tro}' pound 
standard. This weight is carefully insulated and preserved against oxidation. The treasure vaults and 



the whole Mint building are under constant guard day and night. The 
watch is noted on automatic registers every quarter hour. 

The increased demands made upon the facilities of the Philadelphia 
much in excess of the space and machinery at command, that the 
taken steps to erect a great permanent mint, which 
it is expected will be located upon Broad Street 
above Cherry, and will prove another notable addi- 
tion to local architecture. 



progress of the 

Mint became so 
government has 




Philadelphia in Finance. 




By Alfred N. Chandler. 



Financially speaking, no money centre in our whole continent possesses a richer, 
more interesting history, or more influential, magnificent and prosperous institu- 
tions than does the City of Philadelphia. It was here that Robert Morris origi- 
nated the Pennsylvania Bank in 17S0, the first public bank of the United States, 
through which what little sound finance there was connected with our Revolution 
was conducted. This bank was discontinued in 1784. It was here that the same 
eminent financier organized the Bank of North America in 1781, which became 
the financial agent of the American Government, under the Articles of Confeder- 
ation immediately after the close of the Revolution, and which, still flourishing, 
proudly bears to-day the title of the oldest extant bank in America. It was in 
this city that the first American Stock Exchange was instituted in the latter part 
of the last century, where the stocks of the city banks, together with those of the 
neighboring turnpikes and canals, soon came to be as eagerly and as speculatively 
dealt in as are to-day " Reading" or "Traction" shares. It was here also that 
those two banks which became so noted in the world's history of finance, the 
"First" and "Second" Banks of the United States, were chartered by the 
National Government. These were the banks that, after the terrible financial 
crash of 1837, led in the movement for the resumption of specie pa3-ments. 
It was from the members of this pioneer Stock Exchange that the Committee 
on Organization of the New York Stock Exchange was sent over from New York 
to Philadelphia, still in the good old stage coaching daj^s of a century ago, for the purpose of inves- 
tigating the ways of stock exchange dealing, learned, even better in the end than their preceptors, 
the arts and intricacies of manipulation of the stock market. It was, too, in Philadelphia that the 
Stock Exchange Clearing House methods were first put into actual practice in 1870, and which 
methods, after investigation twenty years later by committees of the Boston and New York Stock 
Exchanges, were approved and adopted by those exchanges. In a word it is to Philadelphia we must 
look to find not merely the political and commercial, but likewise the financial capital of the United 
States during the early history of the country. Nor is there any reason to doubt that it would have 
maintained its early ascendency but for the vast advantage given New York City by superior seaport 
facilities, and even more by the construction of the Erie Canal which diverted the whole tr^de of 
the great and growing northwest down the Hudson through that state's fine 
seaport; and yet curiously enough when in 178 1-2 the stock subscriptions 
for the building of what ultimately became the Erie and the Schuylkill 
Canals were thrown open, in New York and Philadelphia respectively, 
the stock of the latter was subscribed six times over almost immediately, 
while that of the former lagged badly and was not taken up for many 
months. The building of the two canals, however, was completed at last, 
and marked the divergence which was thereafter to characterize the devel- 
opment of the two neighboring cities. Henceforth the grain of the West 
was to render New York the commercial, as the coal of the Alleghenies 
was to create in Philadelphia, the manufacturing capital of the Western 
Hemisphere. 

Nor in the second great crisis of our national life, has the country 
seen Philadelphia grudging of its financial support. Philadelphia bankers 
led the way in the movement to render all possible monetary aid to 
the Government at Washington in those first dark hours of i86r, when 



141 




Original Building 
of Uie Bank of North America. 



the Federal Government, bereft of friends, seemed fated to fall a prey to treachery within its very 
council walls. And it is now a part of history's record that the man most instrumental in placing the 
nation's bonds abroad and at home was Jay Cooke, a Philadelphian . Curiously enough, too, it was 
reser\-ed for Philadelphia capitalists to be the iirst to see and take advantage of the benefits proffered by 
the National Banking Law of 1863, with the result of the organization of the present First National 
Bank of Philadelphia, the first one in the country formed under the provisions of this law. Nor is it 
to be forgotten that it was largely Philadelphia capital which built the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
the first trans-continental railroad constructed by private capital. 

Furnishing the surrounding country, far and wide as it does, with so many of the necessaries of 
civilized existence, Philadelphia has come to enjo)'^ the advantage of being one of the main centres 
towards which constantly flows the nation's ready money, nor is it to be wondered at that not only 
Philadelphia's manufactures, but its dollars should find their way back into neighboring towns or 
distant boroughs in the altered form of investment loans, and that, in no way more frequently or 
markedly than in the immen.se proportion of capital invested by Philadelphians in street railway 
systems, both at home and abroad. But the distinguishing feature of Philadelphia's financial life, at 
the present day, is its abundance of great Trust Companies, legitimate successors of the old state 
banks, without the latter's dangerous privileges, yet endowed with many more functions and governed 
far more conservatively and safely than were most of those antebellum institutions. Of the latter sort 
indeed there are very few now left in Pennsylvania, 

It was at one time a standing complaint against these Trust Companies that they were run on too 
old-fashioned a plan, a fault gradually being now eliminated as the younger and more progressive 
element takes the place of its slower father. Two features distinguish these corporations again from the 
City's National Banks — since they pay interest on running deposits, and lend money for long periods 
mainly either on marketable collaterals or land mortgages. Their ability to lend, and at a very 
low rate of interest (in normal times about as low as anywhere in the world outside cf London), is due, 
in large measure, to the custom of paying interest on deposits, which, as in Scotland, tends to concen- 
trate and make available the loanable capital of over a million people, in the aggregate many millions 
of dollars. One of the results of this system is the ability to furnish almost any amount of money 
at short notice, upon good collateral, at a rate of interest varying from 3 to 6 per cent. 

The acquisition of homes by the hundreds of thousands of workingmen of the city has been 
facilitated by another Philadelphia financial institution, the Building and Loan Associations, the 
influence of which upon the municipality's life and finance, can hardly be over-estimated, furnishing as 
' these dwellings in large numbers do, direct or indirect opportunities for the secure investment of many 
millions of dollars every year. More recently, however, many of the Trust Companies have adopted 
the Building Associations' method of lending money, and these Associations are not as numerous as 
they once were. Another financial branch greatly aided by the presence of such a multitude of little 
homes is that of Insurance. 

The Trust Companies are not alone in their use of the system of allowing interest on deposits. 
Many of our private bankers employ the same method of securing large deposits which enables them 
to accommodate clients, or hold and float outside securities — the last being rendered all the easier by 
the great number of smaller investors living in and about Philadelphia and wishing to lay out their 
money at once safely and remuneratively. The presence of these it is (and in far greater measure 
than the uninitiated would imagine) that makes Philadelphia so excellent a place for the floating of 
considerable blocks of securities, as not only our Western and Southern but as our Eastern and 
Northern friends, too, are coming better and better to know and appreciate. 

But, to conclude, perhaps, the best epitome of the character of Philadelphia's financial life may be 
seen by looking back, to regard for a moment the course and bearing of its financial corporations — 
Banks, Trust Companies, Insurance institutions as well as great manufacturing enterprises and commer- 
cial houses during the recent panic of 1893. It was, without doubt, nothing but the noble aid afforded 
at once by the banks to their patrons, and b}' depositors to their banks, that sustained the fabric of credit 
unshattered in this city, when banks and business houses, throughout the country, were tottering and 



142 



collapsing. No banks and but few firms had to close their doors in Philadelphia, thanks to the superbly- 
well prepared condition of the latter's financial corporations, and not less to the well merited trust 
reposed in these by all classes of the business communitj' — surely the highest of tributes to the 
fundamental soundness of Philadelphian finance. 



The following List comprises the Joint Stock Financial Companies of the City, the Names of 
the Officers and Directors, and the announcements of many of these will be found upon 
the pages immediately following, or in our advertising space. 

BANKS 

BstabMshed Title ,-P-^, '^^^ SB^. 

1781. Bank of North America |i, 000, 000 1(1,613,723 fiioo 

1876 Centennial National , 300,000 233,335 1°° 

1865 Central National 750,000 1,702,721 100 

1887 Chestnut Street National 500,000 186,729 100 

1855 City National 400,000 517.729 50 

iSio Commercial National , 810,000 257,561 50 

1855 Consolidation National 300,000 266,012 30 

1858 Corn Exchange National 500,000 378,243 50 

1864 Eighth National 275,000 544,562 100 

1807 Farmers' and Mechanics' National 2,000,000 724,991 100 

1863 First National 1,000,000 680,011 100 

1886 Fourth Street National 1,500,000 1,094,410 100 

1832 Girard National 1,000,000 1,308,727 40 

18S3 Independence National 500,000 226,363 100 

1826 Kensington National 250,000 267,210 50 

1833 Manufacturers' National 750,000 208,721 100 

Manayuuk Natioual 200,000 166,997 100 

1SS7 Market Street National 600,000 217,248. . . ; 100 

Merchants' E.xchange 100,000 

1814 Mechanics' National 800,000 191,275 100 

i88d Merchants' National 1,000,000 264,228 ico 

1844 National Bank of Commerce 250,003. . ; 85,339 50 

1814 National Bank of Germantown 200,000 358,718 50 

1814 National Bank of Northern Liberties 500,000 732,399 50 

1865 National Bank of the Republic 500,000 314,147 100 

1870 Natioual Security 250,000 '79.634 i°° 

1885 Ninth National 300,000 177,042 100 

1890 Northern National , 200,000 51.298 100 

1886 Northwestern National 200,000 123,423 100 

1828 Penn National 500,000. . . " 480,546 50 

1870 People's 150,000 loo 

i8od ............ Philadelphia National 1,500,000 1,149,110 100 

1859 Quaker City Natioual 500,000 105,235 100 

1825 Southwark National 250,000 141,350 50 

1886 Southwestern National 200,000 53.290 

1864 Second National 280,000 190,523 100 

1864 Seventh National 250,000 56,064 100 

1864 Sixth National 150,000- 198,132 100 

1886 Tenth National 200,000 59,002 100 

1864 Third National 600,000 68,403 100 

1846 Tradesmens National 600,000 . . 627,337 50 

1858 Union National 500,000 429,930 50 

1832 Western National 400,000 307,740 50 

1869 West Philadelphia 100,000 100 

143 



TRUST COMPANIES 



Capital 



Surplus and 

Undivided 

Profits 



Shares 
Par 



Rutablished Title 

1886 . . . American Trust, Loan and Guarantee Inv. Co I250 000 $25,487 $50. 

18S8 ... Chestnut Street Trust and Saving Fund 500,000 77. 171 50- 

1889 .. . Citizens' Trust and Surety 250,000 27,902 25. 

1886 . . . City Trust, S. D. and Surety Co. of Phila 500,000 266,000 100. 

1886 . . . Columbia Avenue S. F., S. D. and Trust 400,000 95.570 100. 

1886 ... Commonwealth Title Insurance 500,000 289,636 50. 

1889 ... Equitable Trust Co 1,000,000 12 £,126 100. 

1866 . . . Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe Deposit Co 2,000,000 2,634,330 100. 

1888 ... Finance Co. of Pennsylvania 5,000,000 1,329,378 100. 

188S . . . Frankford Real Estate and Safe Deposit 50,000 5,515 50. 

18S6 . . . German-American Title and Trust Co 500,000 104,158 50. 

1889 ... Germantown Real Estate, Deposit and Trust 300,000 35 ,843 10° • 

1836 . .. Girard Life and Trust 1,000,000 2,342,308 100. 

1873 ••• Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Co 1,000,000...... 902,744 100. 

1889 ... Industrial Trust, Title and Surety 350.000 92.555 

1887 ... Integrity Title and Safe„Deposit 375 ooo 104,244 50. 

1885 ... Land Title and Trust 1,000,000 144.649 i<^o. 

1889 .. . Manayunk Trust 250,000 14,686 25. 

1889 .. . Merchants Trust 500,000 56,231 25. 

1886 . . . Mortgage Trust of Pennsylvania 500,000 260,502 

1871 . . . Northern Saving Fund, Safe Deposit and Trust 500,000 274,451 50. 

l8l2 . . . Penna. Co. for Ins. on Lives and Grtg. Annuities 2,000,000 2,281,019. .... .100. 

. . . Pennsylvania Warehouse and Safe Deposit 500,000 

1886 . . . Philadelphia Mortgage and Trust Co 957. 250 258,754 100. 

1869 . . . Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit and Insurance 1,000,000 2,215,371 100. 

1865 . . . Provident Life and Trust Co 1,000,000 2,059,704 100. 

1870 . . . Real Estate Investment Co. of Philadelphia 374,493 5- 

1876 ... Real Estate Title Insurance 1,000,000 178,559 100. 

18S5 ... Real Estate Trust 500,000 171.404 50- 

1889 . . . Security Trust 500,000 

1886 . . . Solicitors Loan and Trust Co. 500,000 297,086 50. 

1892 . . . Tacony Saving Fund and Trust 150,000 2,502 100. 

1890 . . . Tradesmens Trust and Saving Fund 125,000 36,523 50. 

1889 . . . Trust Co. of North America 1,000,000 110,927 25. 

186S . . . United Security Life Ins. and Trust Co. of Pa 1,000,000 361,659 100. 

1882 . . . Union Trust 1,000,000 106,848 100. 

1891 . . . West End Trust and Safe Deposit 300,000 39.357 5°- 

1889 . . . West Philadelphia Title and Trust 250,000 45.695 



Paid in 

« 

■|45 
..25 
■ ■i^yi 



•50 



.•12K 

•.I2>^ 



■4X 



■85 
■25 
.12% 



AQQREQATE BANKING CAPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA AND PENNSYLVANIA. 

iSg3 Institutions Capital Surplus Deposits Dividends 

Philadelphia 90 $53.539 729 $41,557,998 $242,293,597 $2,289,458 

Pennsylvania t 544 64,536,052 38,598,901 189,634,004 3,892,770 

Total 634 $118,075,781 $80,156,899 $431,927,601 $6,182,228 

• Fall paid except when otherwise noted, t Outside of Philadelphia. 



144 



The Philadelphia National Bank, 



431 Chestnut Street. 




This prominent Bank, which is one of the oldest and staunchest of the financial institutions of our 
city, was established and chartered in 1803, and for the past thirty years has been a National Bank. 

It has a capital of $1,500,000, and in its last statement showed surplus and undivided profits, 
$1,231,471.99, and deposits, $8,279,302.82. 

The building of the Philadelphia National Bank, which is absolutely fire proof, and as the 
illustration indicates, of a most substantial and attractive character, contains upwards of eighty 
offices, which are acknowledged to be the finest and most complete in their appointments in the city. 

The officers of the bank are Mr. B. B. Comegys, President ; and Mr. 'L,. L. Rue, AssH Cashie7\ 
The following well-known representative business men are its Directors: B. B. Comegys, Edward S. 
Clarke, Augustus Heaton, J. Livingston Erringer, N. Parker Shortridge, Richard Ashhurst, Charles 
C. Harrison, Alfred M. Collins, Eugene Delano, Lincoln Godfrey, John H. Converse, George Wood, 
Lawrence Johnson. 



The 
Bank of North America. 



The roots of Philadelphia's most venerable finan- 
cial institution lie deep in patriotic soil. Having its 
inception in the mind of Alexander Hamilton, and 
created by the genius of Robert Morris, it was 
originally designed to uphold the finances of the 
colonies and their congress in the dark and all but 
hopeless closing ji'ears of the war for Independence. 
The plan of the Bank of North America was 
submitted to Congress upon May 17, 1781. By a 
bare majority the credit of the country was pledged 
to the bank, and its notes declared to be legal tender 
for all public and private debts. Its first deposit 
was the sum of $470,000 specie, which came in a 
French war ship, from the government of France to 
the port of Boston, and was at once transferred to 
its keeping. The Bank of North America was 
finally organized at a meeting held in the City 
Tavern, Nov. i, 1781, with an authorized capital 
of $400,000. At this meeting a Board of Directors 
was chosen, composed of the following citizens : 
Thomas Willing, Thomas Fitzsimons, John Maxwell Nesbitt, James Wilson, Henry Hill, Samuel 
Osgood, Cadwalader Morris, Andrew Caldwell, Samuel Ingles, Samuel Meredith, William Bingham 
and Timothy Matlack, and subsequently Thomas Willing was made President, with Tench Francis 
as Cashier. Mr. Willing was a partner of Robert Morris, and had taken a prominent part in the affairs 
of the city, province and nation. His portrait, as it appears in a fine etching which adorns the pub- 
lished history of the Bank of North America, bears a striking likeness to that of Washington, whose 
character he was also said to resemble. Mr. Willing remained at the head of the bank ten years ; 
under his guidance the charter was obtained from Congress, and on January 7, 1782, it commenced 
business on Chestnut Street, near Third, almost upon the site of its splendid building now in course 
of completion. Tire original building was a modest structure, in which the bank continued until 1846.* 
From the beginning the bank was of the most important service to the cause of the patriots, 
effectually aidmg in the restoration of the public credit, and advancing the means to clothe and feed the 
Continental arm}'. Through the stress of yellow fever, panic, war and competition, the bank passed 
with varying fortunes, but always safely, and in 1S46 began the erection of a substantial building upon 
the site of its long-time home. In this building it conducted business until very recently. 

The bank has paid in dividends to shareholders' $5,700,000, or 651 percent., 530 per cent, of 
which was divided from the years 1865 to 1893. It has now a capital of $1,000,000, with a surplus of 
$1,300,000, and a contingent fund of $314,000. The following is a condensed statement to Feb. 28, 1894. 




and 



;, 812, 662 66 



ASSETS. 

Loans and Investments, . . 
Due from State Banks 

Bankers 543.792 27 

Cash and Reserve 4,969,126 59 



$11,316,581 52 



LIABILITIES. 

Capital $1,000,000 00 

Surplus and Undivided Profits, . 1,613,723 58 

Circulation 130,000 00 

Deposits, 8,572,857 94 

$11,316,581 52 



The following named gentlemen compose the present Board of Directors : Jno. H. Michener, 
Israel Morris, Wm. G. Audenried, Lemuel Cofiin, Geo. W. Fiss, Clement A. Griscom, Wm. Simpson, Jr., 
Theo. C. Search, Richard H. Downing, Samuel B. Brown, Wm. D. Winsor, Robt. K. McNeely. 

OflBcers : Jno. H. Michener, President; John H. "^Vatt, Cashier; Jas. C. Pinkerton, Assi. Cashier, 



*See chapter " Philadelphia in Finance." 



146 



National Bank of the Republic. 



The attractive building of the National Bank of the Republic, 313 Chestnut Street, commands attention 
by its unique architecture and prevailing red tone, presenting to the street a striking facade of English 
redstone, terra cotta and Philadelphia pressed brick, with steep roof of red slate ; the half-arched door- 
way and round tower, with its conical roof, being prominent features, It was completed in December, 
1884, and covers a lot of 30 feet front and iSo feet in depth— with the exception of a small back area 
for light and ventilation. The conventional centre doorway being discarded, the entrance is at the side, 
through a large vestibule, to the right of which is a room for the use of those having business with 
the bank, in making up deposits, writing checks and counting money. The main banking room is 
79 feet wide, 120 feet deep, and 34 feet high, and is profusely lighted through sky and ceiling lights 
its entire length. The interior finish is of cherry, with exposed beams and corbels supporting c'eiling ; 

Ithe counters, desks and partitions are of mahogany and beveled plate glass ; 
the walls, where not of tile and richly carved Caen stone, are painted in 
warm colors, a rich dark red predominating, the effect of which is novel and 
pleasing ; the main floor throughout is covered with red and small black 
tile,s laid upon brick arches. The main room is divided by the mahogany 
partitions into large and convenient apartments for officers, tellers and clerks, 
back of which is a commodious directors' room. The vaults are of massive 
granite work, with the most approved steel lining, within which are steel 
safes. The bank owns and occupies the entire building, the interior of which 
is much larger than its exterior indicates, affording ample room in all the 
apartments, and an unusually large space outside of the counters for cus- 
tomers and the public. It is heated by steam and from open stone fireplaces, 
which form pleasing features in the interior architecture, and is admirably 
ventilated and lighted, and most conveniently and comfortably arranged. 
The building has served as a model in the construction of a number of 
banking houses throughout the country. 

The National Bank of the Republic was organized December 5, 1865, 
and began business. May 22, 1866, at 809 and 8ri Chestnut Street, where 
the National Exchange Bank was merged into it in January, 1S70. It 
removed to the building of the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 
in December, 1S74, and to its present location in December, 1884. Its policy 
has always dictated the selection of active business men for its directors, 
and some of Philadelphia's foremost merchants and manufacturers have 
been members of its board. Among the more prominent directors now 
deceased, were William B. Thomas, John Bower, William Ervien, Alfred Day, Edward B. Ome, 
Samuel A. Bispham, Frederick A. Hoyt, John Pearce, J. Barlow Moorhead, Charles L. Sharpless,' 
John Welsh, Jr., Nathan Brooke, Charles T. Parry, Charles S. Pancoast, John F. Smith, and 
Howard Hiuchman. The present directors are : William PI. Rhawn, President ; William Hacker, 
William B. Bement, James M. Earle, Henry W. Sharpless, Edward K. Bispham, Henrv T. Mason! 
Charles J. Field, Edward H. Wilson, William H. Scott, Charles E. Pancoast, Har^■ey K.Hinchman, 
and Joseph P. Mumford, Cashier. 

The President and Cashier have been engaged in banking for more than a third of a centurj^ 
having been associated in the Philadelphia Bank as early as 1S57, and have been together in their 
present respective positions for over twenty-seven years ; the former having been first elected Aug-ust 
29th, and the latter September i, 1866. Since then, under the conservative management of officers 
and directors, and the faithful sen-ices of subordinates, the net earnings of the bank to November, 
1893, have amounted to $1,351,472, of which $1,050,000 have been divided to the stockholders, and 
$301,472 remain as surplus and undivided profits. 

147 




The Market Street National Bank 



The Market Street National Bank was incorporated April 28, 1887, and began business May 23. 
1887, in temporary quarters, No. 1017 Market Street, pending the erection of the permanent and 
capacious building, No. 1107 Market Street. It was the outgrowth of a conviction of business 
people in the neighborhood, that a new national bank with ample capital, located on Market Street 
near the Public Buildings, was a public necessity. 

Although a much larger amount was offered, it was deemed wise b}' the founders to limit the 
capital to $600,000. The stock was divided among two hundred persons, preference being given to 
those intending to do business with the bank. The bank has aimed to do a legitimate banking business. 
Its building, which is of brick and stone, 26 feet front by 180 feet deep, is most substantially 
constructed with every possible accommodation for all anticipated wants of a progressive institution. 
The vaults have every contrivance that modern ingenuity can devise to afford security, and in 

addition to these there are time locks that 
will not permit the doors to be opened until 
the hour specified has been reached. In 
addition to night watchmen, an electric 
police alarm communicates direct with the 
police station ; a touch of the lever of this 
device will at once bring police to the 
building. 

The telephone connected with this 
alarm box is regularly used during each 
night by the watchmen, to report to the 
police night sergeant at the station. 

To meet the wants of, and, at the 
request of its depositors, there is a special 
vault and handsomely fitted rooms, specially 
arranged for the use of the box renters. 
This is a great convenience for persons 
using the Pennsylvania and Reading Rail- 
roads, both of which stations are near the 
bank. Out-of-town depositors are coming 
to realize the great convenience of the bank for the transaction of their business. 

From its organization the bank has been fortunate in securing the services of directors whose 
experience in business matters renders their voluntary service of great value. 

Regular examinations are made without previous notice to the officers. 

There has been but one change in the personnel of the officers since the bank started, Mr. 
George D. McCreary having been elected City Treasurer ; resigned as Vice-President January i, 1892. 
The ofiicers are Chas. H. Banes, Pfesident ; Samuel Y. Heebner, Vice-President ; Benjamin F. 
Dennisson, Cashier. 

There has been a steady growth of business from the day the bank opened, which may be 
accounted for largely by the conservative and faithful attention given by the management. 




148 



o 







Penn National Bank. 



Southwest Corner Seventh and Harket Streets. 



The Bank of Penn Township was organized in 1827 and located at Sixth and Callowhill Streets, and 
afterwards removed to Sixth and Vine Streets. In 1864 it became a National Bank, adopting the 
name of The Penn National Bank. In 18S2 the present attractive and convenient building was com- 
menced at the southwest corner of Seventh and Market Streets, the site of the house in which Thomas 
Jeff-erson wrote the Declaration of Independence, this fact being inscribed upon a tablet set into the 
wall of the structure. The Bank occupied this location in 1884. The capital is $500,000 ; surplus 
and undivided profits, $431-359 04; deposits, $3,506,784.93 : loans, $3,227,985.75. During the past 
seven years, in addition to paying its regular dividends, the Bank has added 60 per cent, of its capital 
to Its surplus funds. The present officers and directors are Samuel S. Sharp, President; Henry G 
C ifton, Cashier: Samuel T. Fox, Samuel Ue, Winthrop Smith, Robert C. Lippincott, John F. Stoer 
Charles H. Warthman, Stacy Reeves, Alan H. Reed, Directors 



Drexel & Company, Bankers, 



Drexel Building, Fifth and Chestnut Streets. 



t ^^ 



% m ^ ^^ fill 

iglitJIJlini 




rrf ' 




This influential establishment was founded in 1837 by- 
Mr. Francis M. Drexel, father of the late Anthony J. 
Drexel. In 1885 the beautiful and convenient structure 
in which the firm is now located was completed, in the 
form of a temple-like building, on a single floor devoted 
entirely to the business of the firm. The great white 
edifice, of which it is now but a part, was finished several 
years later, and, as a whole, is a noble monument to the 
philanthropic and energetic citizen whose name it bears. 
The original portion of the building is said to be 
the handsomest private bank in the world, and is admir- 
ably adapted to the purposes of the far-reaching and 
growing business in the negotiation of Municipal, State, 
Government, railroad and other first-class securities, and 
also the issuing of letters of credit upon the commercial 
centres of the world. The New York house is styled 
Drexel, Morgan & Co., dating from 1850, and the Parisian 
representative is the firm of Drexel, Harjes & Co.. dating 
from 1867. Drexel & Co. are also agents for J. S. Morgan 
& Co., the great bankers of London. A large number 
of correspondents, located in all parts of the civilized 
world, facilitate the transaction of exchange business for 
customers. In its list of correspondents is included many 
of the leading banking houses of the country at large, 
and with an experience of many years on the part of 
its officials, it enjoys the confidence and patronage of 
the business interests of this city ; and its far-reaching 
influences are often felt in movements favorable to the 
added integrity and greater financial strength of our community. 

The Drexel building is one of the gxeat commercial ornaments of the city, and a view from its roof, 
which is open to visitors between 9 a. m. and 4 p. m. dail}^ commands a panorama of the entire city. 
Many strangers visiting the city avail themselves of the privilege thus afforded. Immediately opposite 
is Independence Hall , and its historic well shaded domain ; to the east the breezy waters of the Delaware 
River, the spire of Christ Church, that garden of Colonial Philadelphia, between ; westward, the lofty 
pile of the City Hall, Masonic and Odd Fellows' Temples, business palaces by the score, churches, 
colleges, institutes, hotels, theatres ; the homes of a million people or more covering all the space between 
the rivers, extending bej-ond the Schuylkill, and across the highlands of West Philadelphia, and north- 
ward between Manayunk, Germantown, Chestnut Hill and Frankford, an industrial empire, created in its 
greater part, within the lifetime of the able financier and wise philanthropist who wrought such notable 
success, and gave so generouslj^ in our midst. 

The plan of the building is that of the letter " H." It contains 398 offices, which are 
occupied by legal, professional and mercantile tenants. Its eleven floors are reached by six 
elevators, two of which are express to fifth floor, and which carry from 16,000 to 20,000 persons 
daily. The Board Room of the Stock Exchange is located in the east wing, and upon the fifth floor 
the Board of Trade has fine headquarters . It is heated and lighted by the most improved methods and 
in points of beauty, convenience and size has few rivals in any of our other cities. 




Corn Exchange National Bank, 



Second and Chestnut Streets, 
Philadelphia. 




, mong the long established banks in the heart of the trading and jobbing section of the 
city this institution is prominent. The Corn Exchange National Bank was chartered 
^i|i'l|l,i[li as a State bank in 1858, and as a National bank in 1864, with a capital of $500,000, 
and has paid $1,367,100 in dividends since its inception. 

It includes among its customers many leading banks, corporations, business firms 
and individual depositors. The bank is also a depository of the United States, the 
State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia. It acts as reserve agent and cor- 
respondent for National, State and private banks, which enables it to handle collections 
and other business entrusted to it with promptness and without much expense. To banks, 
© " bankers, corporations and individuals desiring to open an account in this city, or those con- 
templating a change in existing banking arrangements, would say without hesitation, it desires 
your business, and will grant you every favor consistent with safe banking. 

The last statement of May 4th showed a capital of $500,000 ; surplus and net profits, 
I364. 309-53. and deposits, $4,603,508. 

The officers of the bank are J. Wesley Supplee, President; H. Wilson Catherwood, Vice- 
President; J. Rutherford McAllister, Cashier. Directors: J. Wesley Supplee, H. Wilson Catherwood, 
John H. Graham, Benjamin Githens, James McCandless, John Hay, Richard H. Chapman, Albert 
E. Bailey, George Campbell, John H. Drake, John J. MacDonald. 



151 



The Western National Bank of Philadelphia. 



The Western National Bank of Philadelphia is one 
of the older banks of the cit}^ having been char- 
tered as a State bank in 1832, and becoming a 
National bank in 1S64. 

Its capital is $400,000, and its surplus fund 
$200,000 ; average net deposits at present, about 
$3,500,000, upon which cash reserves are carried 
of from 40 to 50 per centum, the bank's policy 
being to always run strong in cash ; and while 
the corporation has been consen'atively managed, 
the results of its business have been quite profitable 
to its stockholders, the present rate of dividend, 
10 per cent, per annum, having been largely ex- 
ceeded in the past, notably in 1865, when a dividend 
of 10 per cent, was paid in May and another of 100 
per cent, in November, the latter returning to the 
stockholders in one payment their original invest- 
ment at par, so that the present capital and surplus 
fund are wholly derived from the profits of the 
business. 

The Dank owns its banking house, a fire- 
proof building at Nos. 408 and 410 Chestnut Street, 
and the accompanying illustrations show both the 
exterior and interior of the building, which in- 
cludes safe deposit vault accommodations as well as the usual banking facilities. 

The President is Cornelius N. Weygandt ; the Cashier, John G. Garland. Directors: C. N. 
Weygandt, R. Dale Benson, Charles Hartshorne, Edward P. Borden, John S. Jenks, Charles P. Perot, 
Archibald Mclntyre, Charles Stewart Wurts, Frank L,. Neall. 





Trust Companies. 



The Pennsylvania Company 

FOR 

Insurances on Lives '^^ Granting Annuities. 




It is a notable fact that Philadelphia was the pioneer, as in many- 
other great undertakings for the benefit of humanity, in the formation 
of an institution devoted to life insurance and annuities ; the original 
title, as given above, remaining unchanged to the present time. 

The Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on L,ives and Granting 
Annuities had its inception through a meeting of citizens held at the 
once famous Merchants' Coffee House, upon Second Street, below 
Chestnut, upon December 9, 1809. The original stock, which was 
speedily taken, was $500,000, and remained at this figure until 1863, 
when it was increased to $1,000,000, since which time it has become 
$2,000,000, with a surplus of $2,000,000. 

The shares, of which the par value is $100.00, are now held at 
$500.00 each, a proud record of the fidelity, sound judgment and popu- 
larity of past and present officials and their system. 

The first President, Joseph Ball, was elected March 17, 1812. 
The first Board of Directors was composed of James Paul, Patrick 
Gemon, Joseph Peace, Israel Whelan, John Bohlen, Samuel D. 
Yorke, Lewis D. Carpenter, John Claton, Joshua Longstreth, Jeremiah Warden, Jr., Samuel Hodgden, 
Cadwalader Evans and Joseph Huddell. President Ball was succeeded in turn by James Paul, Samuel 
Hodgden, Samuel Yorke, Condy Raquet, Jacob Sperry, Robert M. Patterson, M. D., William Bo5'd, 
Thomas Astley, Hyman Gratz, Charles Dutilh, Lindley Smyth and Henry N. Paul, the present 
incumbent ; the remaining officers being as follows : Janas Mason, Trust Officer; L. C. Cleeman, 
Assistmit Trust Officer ; C. S. W. Packard, Treasurer; John J. R. Craven, Secretary ; William L. 
Brown, Assistant Treasurer; Directors, Lindley Smj^th, Henry N. Paul, Alexander Biddle, Anthony J. 
Antelo, Charles W. Wharton, Edward H. Coates, Peter C. HoUis, John R. Fell, William W. Justice, 
Craige I,ippincott, Edward S. Buckley and Beauveau Borie. 

Originally located in a former dwelling house, at 72 South Second Street, which was also the 
residence of the Actjiary, the company moved in 1817 into a propert}^ purchased Ijy them upon the 
north side of Chestnut Street, near Fifth. In 1825 a second removal was made to the northwest 
corner of Walnut and Third Streets. Five years later, the increase of business led to another mo-ve to 
Third Street, above Walnut. The trust feature of the company's iDUsiness dates from 1S35, when the 
charter was amended to include all forms of trust and guardianship business. In 1840 the company 
located at 304 Walnut Street, erecting a fine building there in 1857. In 1853 the company had been 
empowered to act as executor and administrator of decedents' estates, a branch which has now become 
an important feature. From 1873 to 1 890 the company was located in a fine building at 43 1 Chestnut 
Street, and the latter year moved into its present splendid structure at Nos. 515, 517, 519 and 521 
Chestnut Street. This permanent home of the company is probably unsurpassed in its cooA-eniences for 
all classes of its patrons, in the safety of its ^'ast holdings of valuables, and the comfort of its officials 
and employes, by any similar edifice in America. Every approved appliance and precaution tending to 
the utter integrity of its deposits is in effect day and night perpetually. Special apartments with desks, 
writing material, etc., are provided for safe renters, with a separate room for lady patrons. 



153 




The City Trust, Safe Deposit ^^^ Surety 
Company of Philadelphia. 

This company is located at 927 Chestnut Street, and has developed in its several 
departments a large business, to accommodate which the adjoining premises, now 
occupied by the Philadelphia Inquiixr, are to be added, with elaborate improvements, 
to the present oflBces of the corporation. The full paid capital is $500,000, and 
surplus, $150,000. 

The company acts as sole surety for receivers, assignees, committees, admin- 
istrators, executors, trustees and guardians, and in cases of attachment, replevin, 
appeal, capias, etc., where bonds are required. It acts as surety in a''l departments 
of the City of Philadelphia, of the National Government on oflBcial and contract 
bonds. It is empowered to become surety against loss through default of officers, 
cashiers, book-keepers, agents, contractors, notaries,, state, county, and municipal 
officers, and all others holding positions of trust or office. Deposits bear interest at 
2 per cent, on check accounts, and 3 per cent, where one week's notice is given. 
Boxes in its guarded vaults are rented at sums varying between $4.00 to $50.00 per 
annum. Real estate is managed, mortgages negotiated, and security furnished on 
contracts. The following well-known citizens are identified with the company : 
Charles M. Swain, President ; Michael P. Heraty, Vice-President ; James F. Lynd, Secretary and 
Treasurer; Joseph A. Sinn, Trnst Officer; Wm. W. CorvN3.y , Real Estate Officer ; Lincoln L. Eyre, 
Solicitor. Directors: Chas. M. Swain, James M. Anders, M. D., Stephen Farrelly, Andrew C. Sinn, 
Wm. R. Warner, John H. Wheeler, Chas. S. Greene, W. Durell Shuster, C. N. Peirce, D.D.S., Geo. 
Kales Baker, M. D., Michael P. Heraty, Louis Wagner, Samuel B. Huey, John Sailer, Chas. W. Potts. 



The North American 

_ Mercantile Agency Company. 

comparatively recent development of the American methods of business and a 
necessary result of the extension of credit by all large and even many smaller 
business houses to every part of the broad domain of our country, is the modern 
collection and reporting agencies. 'The volumes of rating published at considerable 
intervals of time, useful as they are, often mislead, and credit managers had long 
felt the need of special reports as to the financial condition of dealers ordering goods 
made by a competent person on the ground, at the very time of receiving the order. In 
cases of delayed settlement of accounts a new need arose for a reliable attorne}'^ in the imme- 
diate neighborhood of the delinquent debtor, to whom the account might be sent for collection. 
These two wants the collection and reporting agencies undertook to fill. One of the earliest of these 
was the North American Mercantile Agency Co., incorporated at Meriden, Conn., Jan. 17, i8-/4. Upon 
its incorporation it opened its principal office at 206 Broadway, New York, where it is still established, and 
for eighteen years has been under the management o^ E. J. Whitehead. A branch office was also estab- 
lished in Philadelphia, and in 1875 Rudolph M. Schick, a respected member of the bar, was appointed its 
attorney here. He still holds the position as representative of the agency, at the office in the Frederick 
Brown Building, No. 441 Chestnut Street. It includes very many of the leading business houses of 
this city, New York and all the cities of the country, in all lines of trade, among its subscribers, and 
puts into the hands of its members a list of nearly six thousand reliable attornej'S in every count^^ 
and town of any size in the United States and Canada. The high character of its officers, managers 
and attorneys has obtained and kept the ever increasing favor and patronage of every business com- 
munity in the countr}-. During the twenty-one j'ears of its existence it has constantly increased its 
business, and now is far the most important of all che companies of its class. The Philadelphia office 
is organized with Mr. L. B. Disbrow in charge of the subscription and commercial reporting depart- 
ments, while the collecting department is under the management of William S. MauU. 





The Equitable Trust Company. 



Capital (subscribed), . . . f 1,000,000. 
Capital (paid in), .... 500,000. 

Undivided Profits, .... 125,000. 



A MOST REMARKABLE RECORD OF SUCCESS. 

The record of the Equitable Trust Company, of Philadelphia, is of such 
an unusual character as to warrant some comment. This Company, though 
still in its infancy (having commenced business in January, 1890), has 
already taken a place in the front rank among institutions of its kind. 
Its clients and the character of its investments and securities are among 
the best in the business community. 

The increase, appreciable almost from day to da}', in its business 
as Trustee, Executor, Administrator, Guardian, Assignee, Receiver, Surety and in other capacities, 
has been so marked that the infant which in 1S90 required but three or four nurses, now has thirty 
odd attendants to minister to its constantly growing demands. 

There would seem to be but one explanation for this condition of affairs and that is that the 
business community has full faith in the integrity and ability of the management ; and that this 
confidence is fully warranted we need hardly do more than name the gentlemen who form that 
management. Mr. William F. Harrity, who needs no introduction to any American community, is 
the President. Messrs. George L,. Crawford and Daniel Donovan are the Vice-Presidents and (with 
the addition of the gentlemen already named) the Board of Directors is composed of Jay Cooke, Jr., 
George H. Earle, Jr., Howard B. French, Anthony A. Hirst, Arthur Hagen, Winthrop Smith, 
Jeremiah J. Sullivan, John Sparhawk, Jr., S. Edwin Megargee, Samuel Gustine Thompson, William 
B. Gill and John A. Johann. 

The names cover the ground of the legal, financial and mercantile fields, and make a com- 
bination rarely to be found, one which could hardly fail to grasp and promptly deal with any char- 
acter of question which could arise. 

Mr. Frank J. Johann is the Secretarj^ and Treasurer. He received his training in the service 
of the Provident Life and Trust Company, which fact would, in itself, be a recommendation an}-- 
where. The Trust and Title Department is under the joint management of John H. Connellan, Esq., 
and Albert H. O'Brien, Esq. 

Mr. O'Brien is a new acquisition, having formall}' been Assistant General Counsel of the 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, for a number of years. Mr. Connellan has been with 
the Company since its organization and is thoroughly familiar with the details of its business. 

The Equitable Trust Company receives deposits, makes loans, insures titles to real estate, 
executes trusts, becomes surety, takes charge of real estate, etc. Pays interest on deposits. 



OFFICES : 

No. 624 Chestnut Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 



May, 1S94. 



155 



The Commonwealth Title Ins. and Trust Co. 




The Commonwealth Title 
Insurance and Trust Com- 
pany began to transact bus- 
iness in September, 1886. 
It has a capital of 
$1,000,000, and a surplus 
of $250,000 Its Constitu- 
tion is so framed that none 
but lawyers, conveyancers, 
real estate brokers and 
agents can hold its stock, 
and only one hundred and 
fifty shares can be held by 
any one person . This cre- 
ates a co-operative feature 
which has led to most 
admirable results. 

The aim of this com- 
pany is to transact a title 
insurance business through 
lawyers, conveyancers and 
real estate men, in such a 
way (upon the usual terms) 
as will permit a purchaser 
of real estate, or an investor in a mortgage, to have not only the security and facility which a title 
company affords, but also the advantage of the care and attention of the particular conveyancer or 
counsel whom he may select. The Commonwealth seeks to transact a title and trust business through 
the medium of its stockholders and their professional brethren, and its methods are such as to 
avoid relations which might tend to sunder or weaken the ties existing between the client and his 
counsel, conveyancer or broker. 

The company insures title to real estate, mortgages and against special risks, such as decedents' 
debts, mechanics' liens, etc. ; executes trusts of every description, acting as executor, administrator, 
guardian, assignee, receiver, registrar, etc.; receives deposits, payable on check at sight, and allows 
interest thereon ; loans money on collateral and on mortgages ; becomes surety for executors, admin- 
istrators and all parties in fiduciary capacities ; issues searches giving a plain certificate, assuming 
the greatest measure of liability. 

The prosperous condition of The Commonwealth has justified its peculiar features, and its 
course has compelled modifications of business methods by other companies. The extraordinary' 
success of the company will appear when consideration is had of the fact that, notwithstanding 
dividends of 12 per cent, per annum are regularly paid, there has already been accumulated a surplus 
as above indicated. The deposits with the company average more than $3,000,000 

The company is provided with an admirable working plant, compiled with great care and 
accompanied with accurate plans. The offices are at 813 Chestnut Street, a fire-proof structure, 
affording ample protection to the valuable plant and enlarged facilities for all its departments of 
business. Safe deposit boxes in burglar and fire-proof vaults can be rented at moderate rates. 

Officers: Henry M. Dechert, Preside7it ; Andrew J. Maloney, Vice-President; Edward H. 
Bonsall, Seco?id Vice-Presideyit (in charge of titles and trusts) ; Adam A. Stull, Secretary and Treasurer ; 
Andrew T. Kay, Assistant Title Officer ; Charles K. Zug, Assistant Trust Officer. Di?rctors : A. M. 
Beitler, Francis E. Brewster, Charles Carver, Henry S. Cattell, Henry M. Dechert, Samuel T. Fox, 
William Gorman, Andrew J. Maloney, John M. McCurdy, Henry J. McCarthy, William S. Ring- 
gold, John H. Sloan, Frederick Sylvester, Robert A. Wilkinson, Isaac D. Yocum. 

156 




The Union Trust Company. 



715. 7>7 and 719 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 



One of the most ornate among the many splendid buildings in 
Philadelphia devoted to the safe keeping of money and valuables 
and the management of property, is that of The Union Trust 
Company, at 715, 717 and 719 Chestnut Street. The front is 
built of Maine granite and Indiana limestone. Its massive 
grilled arches, great circular window and sculptured figures 
attracting the attention of every stranger. This institution was 
incorporated in 1882, with a capital of $1,000,000, and has 
occupied the present building since October, 1889. Its roomy 
interior is equipped with a series of convenient offices for the 
transaction of the large business of the Banking and Trust 
Departments, beyond which is the Safe Deposit Department, 
with its vaults and coupon rooms. The basement contains 
steel-lined burglar-proof vaults for the storage of trunks, boxes, 
and packages containing plate, jewelry, clothing and other 
valuable articles, and for the safe keeping of merchandise, 
furniture, paintings, statuary, electro plates, etc. 
The business of the company is comprehensive in character. In the Banking Department money 

is received subject to check, on time, and in small sums in the Saving Fund payable upon ten days' 

notice. L,oans are made upon marketable collateral. 

Safes, vaults and boxes are rented in the Safe Deposit Department at rates varying from $2 to $60 

per year, accessible to renters during business hours, and guarded perpetually by every approved 

appliance and means, including time locks, electrical stations, and night and day watchmen. The 

Trust Department collects moneys, acts as assignee, receiver, guardian, executor and administrator, 

becomes surety for persons for the faithful execution of any trust, office or duty, execution of contracts 

and in proceedings in courts ; also as trustee in mortgages issued to secure bonds, etc. The company 

acts as register of the stocks or 

bonds of corporations and be- 
comes the custodian of wills. 

The officers are : J. Simpson 

Africa, President ; Thomas R. 

Patton, Vice-Pres.; D. Howard 

Foote, Treasurer and Secretary, 

and Percy B. Metzger, Trust 

Officer. The Directors are: 

J. Simpson Africa, Edward 

Baile3r (Harrisburg), George A. 

Fletcher, Thomas G. Hood, 

William B. Irvine, Joseph I. 

Keefe, Charles A. Lagen, John 

P. McGrath, John T. Monroe, 

Alfred Moore, Harry W. Moore, 

Thomas R. Patton, Edward L. 
Perkins, William C. Stoever, 

J. Wesley Supplee. 




Interior of Building looking Northward. 




The Qirard 

Life Insurance, Annuity and 

Trust Company 



of Philadelphia. 



It is probable that witliin a few years our City Hall will form the 
central feature of a group of edifices unequalled anywhere upon 
the continent, if, indeed, in the world. Of the several great 
structures already erected and occupied for business purposes in 
this immediate cordon, the splendid building of The Girard Life 
Insurance, Annuitj^and Trust Company, of Philadelphia, occupies 
the most notable site, at the northeast corner of Broad and Chestnut 
Streets, extending 95 feet upon the former and 100 feet upon the 
latter thoroughfare. It is built mainly of limestone, and the eleva- 
tion to the top of its tower is 1 80 feet. The upper floors are arranged 
for business offices, all having abundant light and ventilation. 
The interior decorations are in every way worthy of the harmon- 
ious design of the exterior. 

The greater portion of the main floor is dedicated to the 
business of the Company through whose enterprise it was built. 

The Girard Life Insurance, Annuity and Trust Company 
of Philadelphia was organized in 1836. It has recently increased its capital to $1,000,000, and has a 
surplus of over $2,000,000 in addition. 

The Banking Department does a general banking business, making loans, however, only upon 
approved standard collaterals. Collections are made in all parts of the country. The Company acts as 
agent for the registration and transfer of stocks and bonds of corporations, and in paj'ment of coupons, 
registered interest or dividends. It also acts as attorney in fact, for the financial officer of churches, 
charitable institutions and associations, schools, colleges, etc., keeping their books, super\-ising their 
investments, collecting income, and performing other similar services. 

The Trust Department is empowered by the charter originally granted to execute trusts and 
serve as executor, trustee, guardian, assignee, receiver, committee or agent. Incomes are collected and 
estates managed for persons who from absence, ill health or other reasons may require an agent. All 
papers relating to trust estates are kept in a special burglar-proof vault. 

The Real Estate Department is devoted to the purchase and sale of local realties. Rents are 
collected, repairs supervised, leases drawn, and deeds transferred and guaranteed. 

In the Safe Deposit Department, liberal space is devoted to a massive system of vaults, fitted with 
safes and boxes for the safe-keeping of valuable papers, silverware, jewelry and other similar articles. 
A special vault is reserved for the property of lady patrons, as well as a suitable room for their con- 
venience in transacting business. 

The officers of the Company are : 'BfUngha.m B. Morris, President; Henry Tatnall, Vice-President; 
William N. Ely, Treasurer; J. Andrew Harris, Ix., Assistant Treasurer; Nathaniel B. Crenshaw, 
Real Estate Officer; George Tucker Bispham, Solicitor. 

Managers: Effingham B. Morris, H. N. Burroughs, John A. Brown, Jr., Benjamin W. Richards, 
John B. Garrett, William H. Jenks, William H. Gaw, Francis I. Gowen, George Tucker Bispham, 
George H. McFadden, Henry Tatnall, Isaac H. Clothier, John C. Sims, J. Pemberton Hutchinson. 



158 




f** 3i ^. iCi ® iS 




Philadelphia's Proposed Arcade. 

Illustration from the Plans Under Consideration. 

The pages of the Book of Philadelphia are devoted consistently to actualities, but the splendid plan 
indicated in the above illustration, originating v^-ith Mr. Joseph M. Huston, architect, of this cit^^ 
warrants an exception to the rule. Mr. Huston's proposition, which is under consideration of the 
property holders of the block bounded by Broad, Fifteenth, Chestnut Streets, and South Penn Square, 
facing the Public Buildings, is to devote the entire space to a vast arcade, based upon the plans of the 
Burlington Arcade, London, and the Victor Emmanuel Arcade, Milan. The amount required for such an 
enterprise is vast. The capital of the company is to be $7,000,000, of which $3,000,000 will be allowed 
for the land, an equal sum for the building, and $1,000,000 for surplus. 

The dimensions of the arcade will be, when erected, 204 feet upon Broad Street by 396 feet east 
and west, with a twelve-story elevation of 185 feet to the main roof, the whole being considerably larger 
than the famous Auditorium of Chicago. 

Four great towers are to rise 40 feet above the roof, with a central dome. Eight floors will be 
devoted to offices. Restaurants, club rooms, assembly halls, and a roof garden are proposed features. 
Galleries at each floor will surround a great central court, the broad passages transversing the building 
midway in both directions, practically forming new public thoroughfares. Twenty-four elevators are to 
be employed in groups. Estimates submitted indicate that Mr. Huston's plan can be made permanently 
profitable, and with the broadening spirit of the city in sympathy with this notable project, it is to be 
hoped that it may in due time become a reality, and thus add another to the growing list of our com- 
mercial palaces. 

159 



Life Insurance in Philadelphia. 
The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, 



OF PHILADELPHIA. 



The history of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance 
Company is the best argument that could be 
advanced in favor of mutual insurance as a sound 
business investment. The company was chartered 
by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, on the 24th 
day of February, 1847. It was authorized to 
transact the business of insuring lives, and begun 
work accordingly May 25, 1847. The Penn Mutual 
was conservative from the outset, both as regarded 
the acceptance of risks offered and the region ot 
country operated in. So carefully has its business 
been conducted that where a policy was issued and 
duly matured it has been paid with the utmost 
promptitude. The number of policies issued from 
its organization aggregate more than 96,000, insur- 
ing over $270,000,000. A statement of its affairs 
shows that more than 69 per cent, of the entire 
premium receipts has been returned to policy 
holders or their families in endowments, returned 
premiums, surplus, surrendered policies, and death 
losses. A small per cent, has been expended for 
commissions, office and other expenses, rent, etc. 
The remainder is yet in the possession of the com- 
pany as a resen^e for future death losses, and as 
surplus to return members to reduce the payments 
of their future premiums. Its present assets exceed 
$22,500,000, with a correspondingly large surplus 
of over $2,600,000. It issues a great variety of 
insurance contracts, embracing all forms of life, 
limited life, endowment, term, etc., its object being 
to reach every reasonable demand, and to do this 
at the lowest attainable cost by a just administra- 
tion of its responsible functions. The Company 
being purely mutual there are no conflicting inter- 
ests, and the managers promote their highest personal interests by fidelity to those of the policy holder. 
The Board of Jrusices is composed of the following gentlemen, many of whom have been con- 
nected with the Company for a long series of years, and exercise constant vigilance in its management : 
James O. Pease, Joseph M. P. Price, Ellwood Johnson, William C. Houston, William H. Rhawn, 
Atwood Smith, John H. Watt, N. Parker Shortridge, Richard S. Brock, Benjamin Allen, John Scott, 
Charles J. Field, Robert Dornan, R. Allison Miller, Noah A. Plympton, Frank Markoe, Harry F. West, 
Lincoln K. Passmore, George K. Johnson, Joseph Bosler, Frank K. Hippie, Benjamin Rowland, Aaron 
Fries, Harry Rogers, Samuel B. Stinson, Harvey K. Hinchman. 

The institution is officered as follows : Edward M. Needles, Presidoit ; Horatio S. Stephens, 
Vice-President; Henry C. Brown, Secretary and Treasurer ; Jesse J. Barker, Actuary : John W. Hamer, 
Manager Loan Department ; Henry C. Lippincott, Manager of Agencies: Henry H. Hallowell, Assistant 
Secretary and Treasurer; J. Leithman, Jr., Comptroller; John J. McCloy, Supervisor of Applications and 
Death Claims. Home Office, 921-3-5 Chestnut Street. 




II 



The Mutual Life Insurance Company 

of New York. 




RICHARD A. McCURDY, President. 



The Mutual Life Insurance Compan}' of New York 
needs no introduction to the general public ; it is as 
well and widely known as the United States Treasury, 
and is fully as important an institution in its way. 

The Mutual Life is the pioneer of purely mutual 
life insurance companies in this country. Organized 
in 1843, it 1^3S grown with a steady, healthy growth , 
until it is now, and has been for many 5'ears, the 
largest life insurance company in the world. It is 
interesting to compare the financial standing of this 
great compan}^ during the first and fiftieth ^'■ears of its 
history. The first year's business is thus recorded in 
the annual statement : 

Received for premiums, $37,293 90 
Policies issued 470 

The standing of the companj^ at the close of the 
year 1 893 , is as follows : 



I'hiladelphia Building: of the Mutual Life Insurance 
Companj', Tenth and Chestnut Streets. 



Assets 

Total income 

Total paid polic)^ holders . . . 
Total paid policy holders since organization 
Insurance in force 



over : 



100,000,000.00 

41,000,000.00 

20,000,000.00 

367,000,000.00 

803,284,738.46 

All this has been accomplished inside of half a century, and the companj^ is still young. What 
the future maj^ bring forth is unknown, but judged by the historj' of the past, it is safe to predict that a 
well deser^^ed success is in store for this great institution, and as it increases in wealth and resources 
its mighty benificence will spread out over the earth, carrying joy and peace into the hearts of countless 
thousands. The main office of The Mutual Life "is located in New York City, on Nassau, Cedar and 
Liberty Streets. The company is now completing a large addition upon the Liberty Street side. It is 
thirteen stories in height, and is built and fitted up in the most substantial and complete manner. 
The two upper floors and a roof garden will be occupied by the Insurance Club of New York, and 
their quarters will be by far the most elegant and luxurious of those of anj^ business club in the 
country. The company also owns buildings in Boston, Philadelphia and San Francisco, the last named 
having been recentlj;' completed, and being one of the most complete office buildings upon the Pacific coast. 

The Pennsylvania General Agency, in charge of William H. Lambert and Archibald N. Water- 
house, under the firm name of William H. Lambert & Co., one of the principal General Agencies of 
The Mutual Life, has its offices in the company's building, corner Tenth and Chestnut Streets, Philadel- 
phia ; the number of policies in force December 31, 1893, iii this General Agency being 23,256, 
insuring $67,526,704. Messrs. Lambert & Waterhouse have each been connected with the company for 
more than a quarter of a century, the former, in association with the General Agenc^^ successively 
held by Messrs. F. Ratchford Starr, Frederick W. Vanuxem and Edward P. Bates (all of whom are 
deceased) ; and Mr. Waterhouse, in the Home Office of the company, resigning the responsible 
position of Auditor, which he had held for several years, to associate himself with Mr. Lambert in 
the management of the Philadelphia General Agency. 

161 



Sports of Ah Sorts. 



By Horace S. Fogel, Sporting Editor Public Ledger. 




Philadelphia has lately become an important factor in the world of athletics ; with nineteen regularly- 
organized clubs, with an aggregate membership of 7,500, and club property worth $250,000, she is able 
to demand recognition on the field, track and water in every branch of sport. The history of local 
athletics on a large scale, irrespective of rowing, dates back to June, 1880, when the Schuylkill Navy 
gave its first open games at the Young America Cricket Grounds, at Stenton. The success of this first 
venture, and the subsequent meeting given in Fairmount Park, in November, 1881, led to the formation 
of what is now known as the Athletic Club Schuylkill Navy, which has risen to the proud distinction 
of being the leading athletic club in this city. John F. Huneker may be justly called the father of the 
organization, as it was through his proposition to form an athletic club that at a subsequent meeting 
held August 19, 1884, the A. C. S. N. was finally launched. In November, 1884, the new club pro- 
cured quarters at 19 13 Market Street, and after being substantially fitted up they were formally opened 
on Thanksgiving Eve of that j'ear. The phenomenal growth of the club led to the erection of the 
present imposing building at 1626-28 Arch Street. After some vicissitudes the club has been placed 

upon a fairly good 
footing financially, 
and with a member- 
ship of 1,200 exerts 
a great influence 
upon the athletic 
affairs of the com- 
munity. 

In athletics, par- 
ticularly in three 
branches, the organ- 
ization occupies a pos- 
ition pre-eminent in 
the athletic world, 
namely, boxing, wrest- 
ling and pole vault- 
ing ; in the first- 
named through the 
efforts of the instruc- 



UNDINE BARGE CI<UB. 







QUAKER CITY BARGE CLUB. 



tor, Professor Robert 
Colbert, such ama- 
teur experts with the 
gloves like William 
H. Horton, William 
H. Rocap and Harry 
Pritner were devel- 
oped. To Professor 
William H. Coupe 
belongs the credit of 
bringing to the front 
such famous wrestlers 
like Dr. J. K. Schell, 
Herman Wolff, Joseph 
B. Reilly and George 
W. Hoskins. Physi- 
cal Director Frank 
Henderson prides 
himself upon the fact 
that during the past 
ten years he has developed quite a number of good runners and jumpers, not a few of whom have 
won local fame; but in W. S. Rodenbough the club has a pole vaulter who can defeat the world, 
he being the present world's record holder in this branch of sport. The club has always maintained 
a high standard in its athletic department, and in 1890 possessed a team of amateur boxers and 
wrestlers who had not only woq the championships of America twice in succession, but stood ready 
and willing to uphold the athletic reputation of the Quaker City in these two branches of sport 
against the entire world. 

Among other local organizations that have accomplished considerable in amateur athletics may 
be mentioned the Athletic Department Y. M. C. A., Caledonian Club, National Swimming Club, 
American Athletic Association, Pennsylvania Railroad Athletic Association, Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroad Athletic Association, Bank Clerks' Athletic Association and the half-a-dozen or more German 
societies around town affiliated with the American Turnerbund. 

ROWING. 

Philadelphia occupies the first place among the cities of this country in amateur rowing. The 
Schuylkill Navy in organization, equipment, value of club property and natural advantages has no 
peer. It was formed early in the fifties, and in 1853 began its career as a racing organization. 
Through the courtesy of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, a plot of ground on the east bank of 
the Schuylkill, between the waterworks and Girard Avenue bridge, was set apart for the amateur 
oarsmen; here they began to build, and to-day twelve handsome club houses grace the river bank, 
adding much to the scenic effect of the Park in that vicinity. 

At present, with a membership of twelve clubs, owning over 300 boats, valued at $45,000, with 
club property valued considerably over $100,000, and an aggregate membership of 1,400, it is conceded 
to be the leading rowing organization of America. Eight-oared shell racing received its first impetus 
upon the waters of the Schuylkill. 

In sculling, double shell and four- 
oared shell rowing, individuals and crews 
from Philadelphia have frequently won the 
championship. The Vesper Club has car- 
ried off tha honors in sculling with Edwin 
Hedley, George W. Van Vliet, John Y. 
Parke and George W. Megowen, and at 



CHAMrlON DOUBLE. 




the present time possesses the champion double scull crew of 
the world in George W. Van Vliet and George W. Megowen. 
In four-oared shell racing, the Fairmount Club quartette has 
for several years past, at least made the crack ciews of the 
United States and Canada take their wash. The Centennial 
Regatta, over the national course on the Schuylkill River in 
1876, had much to do with bringing Philadelphia into prom- 
inence as a rowing centre, and since that time the Schuylkill 
Navy has worthily upheld the Quaker City's prestige in 
aquatic sport. 

The organizations composing the Schuylkill Navy at 
this time are the Vesper Boat Club, Malta Boat Club, Phila- 
delphia Barge Club, Pennsylvania Barge Club, Crescent Boat 
Club, West Philadelphia Boat Club, lona Boat Club, Undine 
Barge Club, Universit}' Barge Club, College Boat Club, Quaker 
City Boat Club and Bachelors Barge Club. The Fairmount 
Rowing Association, located above the dam, and the American 
Rowing Association, below the dam, are not connected with 
the Schuylkill Navy. The former came into notice in 1886 
oared shell championships of America 




by winning the four-oared and eight- 
The Vesper Club won the eight-oared championship in 1887. 



YACHTING. 

There are in the vicinity of Philadelphia five yacht clubs : the Philadelphia, Corinthian, South- 
wark, Shackamaxon and Cooper's Point. 

In the Philadelphia there are 1 25 members ; this number is continually increasing ; i schooner, 
16 sloops, 3 cutters, i yawl, 3 open cats and 13 steamers. The value of the club property at Tinicum 
Station is $25,000 ; that of the property in Philadelphia, $5,000, and the value of the yachts is placed 
at $300,000. 

The Corinthian Club has its station at Essington, adjoining that of the Philadelphia, and therein 
are 143 members. In the fleet there are schooners, 8; sloops, cutters and yawls, 27 ; open boats, 8; 
steamers and launches, 15. The value of the schooners is estimated at $55,000 ; the sloops, cutters and 
yawls, $40,000; the open boats, $3,000, and the steamers, $375 000. The club property is estimated 
at $6,000. 

At Silver Lake, in the lower portion of the city, the Southwark Club has its headquarters. The 
fleet is made up mostly of " tuck-ups " and " duckers," small open craft peculiar to the Delaware. The 
club has over 200 members, and the club and boat property is estimated at $ro,ooo 

The Shackamaxon Club is akin to the Southwark in the character of its craft It has 108 mem- 
bers, and 30 boats valued at $6,000. 

The Cooper's Point Club, with headquarters at Camden, has 60 members, 11 sloops, 31 open 
boats and 2 launches. The club and yacht property is valued at $12,000. 




BASE BALL. 

If Philadelphia is not the base ball centre of the world, it is at least the 
home of base ball players. The Quaker City has furnished more good talent for 
America's national game than all the other leading cities combined. During the 
past ten or twelve years every major league club had on its team from one to half 
a dozen players born, raised and developed in this city, while the minor league 
teams throughout the country were made up principally of Philadelphians. 

For ten years, during the period in which the National League and 
American Association were rival organizations, Philadelphia was the only city 
that would support two major league clubs, and for that reason, if for no other, 
earned the title of best base ball city in the world. Not only did Philadelphia 

164 



liberally support two big professional clubs, but the statistics show that the games in this city attracted 
larger crowds than those played in any of the other cities. 

Philadelphia could always boast of having more-amateur clubs than any other half a dozen cities 
combined. During the past ten years the average number of amateur organizations in this city was 
about 200 each year. 

In the matter of grounds, Philadelphia can boast of having the best ball park in the world. The 
grounds of the Philadelphia Ball Club, at Broad and Huntingdon Streets, are a model after which 
other clubs have been copying, but none have as large and imposing a grand stand, and as fine appoint- 
ments. It is claimed that the pavilion, stands, fences, etc., at this ground alone cost $80,000 to erect. 




GROUNDS OF THE GERMAXTOWN- CRfCKET CLUB, M.^iNHEIM, PHILADELPHIA. 

CRICKET. 

Philadelphia is the home of cricket in America. No other branch of sport is so popular with 
Philadelphia's Four Hundred as England's national game, and every important match invariably 
attracts from 2,000 to 20,000 of the Quaker City's best people, including most of its society leaders, 
to the grounds where the contest is scheduled to take place. The average daily attendance at an 
international match in this city is 10,000. 

In the matter of playing the game, Philadelphia is probably half a century in advance of all the 
other American cities. In New York, Boston, Baltimore, Pittsburg, Detroit and Chicago, the only 
other cities in this country which have regularly organized cricket clubs, the game is still in its infancy 
and the combined playing strength of those six cities would not compare with the best team Phila- 
delphia can put in the field. Indeed, the first 
eleven of any of Philadelphia's four or five 
leading clubs can vanquish the best team 
picked from the rest of the country. 

The three leading clubs in Philadel- 
phia are the Germantown, Merion and Bel- 
mont. The former was organized in 185S, 
and has its headquarters at Queen Lane 
Station, Germantown. It has the finest 
equipped grounds in America, the value of 
its property being estimated at nearly 



CLUB HOUSE, MANHEIM. 





CtUB HOUSE BELMONT CRICKET CLUB, 49TH STREET STATION. 



CTTf 



$300,000. The club has a membership of 
2,000, including about loo active cricketers, 
and in the matter of pla3'ing strength is 
the leading cricketing organization in this 
country. The Merion Club was organized 
in 1865, and its grounds are located at 
Haverford College. It has a membership 
of 1,000 and property valued at $200,000. 
The Belmont has about the same niimber 
of members and property valued at the 
same figure. Its grounds are located at 
Forty-ninth Street Station, West Philadel- 
phia. The date of organization of this club is 1872. The oldest club is the Philadelphia, which has 
been in existence since 1840. This club has a membership of 600, and makes its home at Wissahickon 
Heights. 

The other leading clubs are : Tioga, organized in 1883 ; membership, 500 ; location of grounds, 
Westmoreland. Haverford College, organized in 1866; membership, 100; location of grounds, Haver- 
ford College. North End, organized in 1888 ; meiiibership, 150 ; location of grounds, Stenton. Belfield, 
organized in 1889; member- 
ship, 500; location of 
grounds, Germantown. 
Pennsylvania Railroad, or- 
ganized in 1 886 ; member- 
ship, 200; location of 
grounds, Fifty-second Street 
Station. Oakland, organ- 
ized in 1890; membership, 
150; location of grounds, 
Frankford. St. Davids, or- 
ganized in 1S92 ; member- 
ship, 200; location of 
grounds, St. Davids. Excel- 





WAYNE COUNTRY CLUB. 



sior, organized 1S91 ; 
membership, 100 ; lo- 
cation of grounds, Ger- 
mantown. The West 
Chester Club, of West 
Chester, with a mem- 
bership of 400, and the 
Riverton, of Riverton, 
with ICO members, 
both flourishing clubs, 



PHILADELPHIA CRICKET CLUB. 



11^ 




MERION CRICKET CLDB. 



might, also be consid- 
ered Piiiladelphia or- 
ganizations, as most 
of their active mem- 
bers are in business in 
this cit3^ but residents 
of these two suburban 
towns. 

LAWN TENNIS. 

The game of lawn 
tennis is chiefly fost- 
ered by the cricket 
clubs, there being but 
one distinctively lawn 
tennis organization of 
any prominence in this 
city. The Bel field 
Club, at Thorpe's 
Lane, Germantown, 
was organized principally for the practice of this game, although its large membership, recruited 
from prominent Germantown families, is provided with other means of diversion as well. Every 
local cricket, as well as several of the athletic clubs, have tennis courts on their grounds, and among 
their members are some verj' expert racquet wielders. 

FOOT BALL. 

Philadelphia can boast of more foot ball clubs than any other city. She has a great college team 
in the University of Pennsylvania eleven, and there are some forty academies and schools in the city, 
each of which has a foot ball team. 

About four years ago the English association game was introduced in this city, and in one year's 
time a dozen clubs were organized to play that game. A league was formed to play a series of games 
annually for the championship, and that body is now in a most flourishing condition. In order to 
encourage this sport Mr. George W. Childs presented a valuable cup to the league, which is known as 
the Pennsylvania Association Foot Ball Union, three years ago, and the annual competition for this 
trophy attracts no little attention. The games are generally played during the months of October, 
November, December, January, Februar}-, March and April, and are patronized to a large extent, 
principally by the mill hands and artisans in the northern and northwestern sections of the city. 

THE RACE TRACK. 

Horse racing in Philadelphia does not flourish as in other cities, 
because the State laws do not permit pool selling or betting in any form. 
If betting were allowed, that branch of sport would boom as well as in 
any other city. No running meetings are held in this city because they 
would be a failure, as no jockey club can exist anywhere unless permitted 
to sell pools. Trotting races were formerl}' 
very liberallj' patronized in Philadelphia, but 
the sport died out during the seventies, and 
for a number of years no meetings were held 
here. About five years ago the Philadelphia 
and Belmont Driving Clubs were reorganized 
on a sound financial basis, and since then a 
number of meetings have been held on both 
tracks each year. Each club is capitalized at 



CLUB HOUSE OF THE BELEIELD CLUB. GERMANTOWN. 






It 









^ ifip'S^^^^iri^'iwi^'^ 



BEI.MOXT DRIVING CLUB. 



$250,000, and the 
stock is held by sev- 
eral hundred of Phila- 
delphia's wealthiest 
and mcst prominent 
business men. Both 
tracks are in the Grand 
Circuit, and the two 
clubs are succeeding 
admirably in their 
efforts to make trotting 
popular in this city. 

The Philadelphia 
Driving Park Asso- 
ciation's track is at 
Point Breeze, while 
that of the Belmont 
Driving Club is located 
at Bala Station , on the 
Pennsylvania Rail- 
road. It is generally conceded that there are no better and faster courses anywhere than the two located 
in this vicinity. 

A great many trotting horses are owned in this city. Nearly every well-to-do resident owns one 
or more good roadsters, and they have a splendid opportunity to exercise them on the fine roads laid out 
through Fairmount Park. Thousands of fast steppers can be seen in this Park on any fine day. 

COACHING. 

The Philadelphia Four-in-Hand Club contributes a pretty pageant to the sum of the year's local 
events in the annual parade which occurs early in May. The coaches, gay with the guests of the occa- 
sion, start from Rittenhouse Square, proceed up Broad Street, out Spring Garden Street and through 
the Park to the aristocratic Country Club. 

The club now includes some seventeen coaches, and the turn-outs are frequently encountered in 
Fairmount Park and along our charming suburban drives. Those participating in the May parade last 
year were Mr. A. J. Cassatt, E. Rittenhouse Miller, Edward Browning, J. C. Mercer Biddle, C. Davis 
English, J. E. Widener, Neilson Brown, Col. Edward Morrell, Harrison K. Caner, G. W. C. Drexel 
and John R. Fell. 

Last year Mr. Barclay H. Warburton's coach " Meadowbrook " made daily trips, starting from 
the "Stenton," on South Broad Street, for Meadowbrook Farm and Jenkintown. The "Initial," 
owned by Messrs. E. Rittenhouse Miller and Edward Browning, also left the Hotel Stratford, every 
afternoon for Bryn Mawr. These coaches, as well as that of Col. Morrell, which for a time left the 
Bellevue daily, were public, any reputable person being entitled to book for a seat upon payment of the 
fare of $1.50 for the round trip. This commendable effort to popularize this agreeable means of recre- 
ation was augmented this year by the Suburban Coaching Club, which, on April 25th, started to run 
coaches between Philadelphia and New York, one of the 
coaches starting every morning at 7.45 from both sides, 
and making the run in twelve hours. Four coaches and 
106 horses are in the service of the club. The horses 
are changed at relay stations, which are about twelve 
miles apart. The start in Philadelphia is made from 
the Hotel Bellevue, and in New York from the Hotel 
Waldorf. The fare for the round trip is $25. The 
leading spirits in this enterprise are Col. Morrell and 
Messrs. Browning, Caner, Brown and Groome. 

168 




THK COUNTRY CI,UB. 



Cycling in Philadelphia. 




Arthur H. MacOwen. 



fwW 




PENNSYI,VANIA. BICYCI,E CLUB HOUSE, 
Girard Avenue, near Fortieth Street. 



When the history of cycling in America comes to be written, it 
will be found that Philadelphia has occupied, from the inception 
of the recreation in this country, a leading position as a centre of 
what is now so popular a pastime. The Philadelphia and Penn- 
sylvania Bicycle Clubs, of Philadelphia, are among the oldest of such 
organizations in the country ; and besides these well-known clubs 
there are others later born, such as the Century Wheelmen, South 
End Wheelmen, Park Avenue Wheelmen, Quaker City Wheelmen, 
etc., etc., to the number of half a hundred, the mere mentioning 
of whose names and date of foundation, etc., would make an article 
as long as this one. 

Geographically speaking, Philadelphia is well situated for the 
enjoyment by its citizens of the pastime of cj^cling. It lies in a 
vast river basin, the water shed of which is reached by grades which, 
comparatively speaking, are wonderfully gentle, while giving most 
exceptional opportunities in tlie way of beautiful scenic effects. 
Witness the near-by glories of the Schuylkill Valley, with its 
romantic Wissahickon adjunct, the Chester and White Marsh 
Valleys, and the farther removed but easily reached beauties of the historic Brandy wine River on one 
side and the grand scenery of the Delaware Water Gap on the other. Until recently, extreme difficulty 
was experienced by cyclers in the way of getting out of the immense wilderness of brick and mortar and 
cobble stone pavements known as Philadelphia ; but, within the past decade, both in the city proper and 
throughout the beautiful northwestern and more particularly the western suburban territorj^, improved 
pavements and road surfaces have been laid, and now minister to the comfort of the CA^cler. Such 
beauty spots as the Germantown and Chestnut Hill districts. Fort Washington, Valley Forge, the 
old camping ground of Washington, Willow Grove, Norristown, Brjm Mawr, Wa}aie, Devon, Paoli, 
West Chester, Downingtown, and a host of small towns and hamlets, some of historic and some of 
present day interest, can now be reached most comfortably, and are patronized by an ever increasing 
army of cyclers. Before the creation of the fine net-work of roads that now exist, there was, outside 
of the fine drives in Fairmonnt Park, but one really good macadamized road in the vicinity of the 
city. That road was Lancaster Pike, the old highway to the West, and its name, in consequence 
of the absence of any competitor in the way of macadam surface, became almost proverbial in the 
early histor}' of cj^cling in this countr3^ 

Philadelphia and Boston were the two cities where the bicycle first took firm hold in the United 
States, and where the main battles were fought against public prejudice and municipal shackles. The 
Reservoir Drive, of Boston, and the Lancaster Pike, of Philadelphia, are household words in the lexicon 
of American cycling, and though there are now round the " Quaker City " many better road surfaces 
than that of Lancaster Pike, the old-time riders have an affectionate regard for the only road over which 
at one time the^^ could push the famous old high bicycle that preceded the modern ' ' safet)r ' ' in popular 
favor. As showing the stable condition of the recreation of cycling in Philadelphia, it is interesting to 
note that the Philadelphia Bicycle Club and the Pennsylvania Bic3^cle Club each erected their own club 
houses, and each organization is credited with the ownership of real estate to the value of $25,000 to 
$30,000. Both these organizations, as well as a number of the later formed clubs, are incorporated 
under the laws of the State. 



169 



--I.-^ 




laiS 



Our Citizen SoSdiery. 



The several commands of State troops, com- 
posed of Philadelphians, are included in the First 
^- Brigade, N. G. P., of which Brigadier-General John 

W. Schall is commander. They include the follow- 
ing organizations : 

First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, Captain Joseph 
Lapsley Wilson ; Armory upon Twenty-first Street below 
Market. 

Battery A, Artillery, six guns and two Gatlings, 
Captain Maurice C. Stafford : Armory, Forty-first Street 
and Mantua Avenue. 

State Fencibles Battalion, Infantry, four companies. 
Major T. T. Brazer ; Armon,-, Broad Street below Race. 

First Regiment, Infantry, ten companies, Colonel Wendell P. Bowman ; Armory, Broad and 
Callowhill Streets. 

Second Regiment, Infantry, ten companies. Colonel John Biddle Porter; Armory, 518 Race 
Street. 

Third Regiment, Infantry, eight companies. Colonel Edward deV. Morrell ; Armory, Broad 
and Wharton Streets. 

Gray Invincibles, Infantry (colored), one company. Captain A. F. Stevens, Jr. ; Armory, 1913 
Market Street. 

The Naval Reserves Battalion, Commander R. K. Wright, Jr. 

The oldest of our organizations is the fine cavalry body popularly known as the City Troop, 
composed entirely of young men of wealth and high social standing. Its history antedates the 
Revolutionary War, during a portion of which it acted as body-guard to General Washington, and 
participated actively in the struggle for independence. It still proudly dons the strikingly handsome 
uniform originally adopted by the coips, and which tends to make the City Troop a leading 
feature of all parades in which it participates. 

The Artillery (usually called the "Keystone Battery") is uniformed in accordance with 
National regulations, the red plumed helmets being a striking feature. It celebrated its thirty-third 
birthday in April of the present year. 

The State Fencibles celebrated the eighty-first anniversary of their organization, May twenty- 
sixth of the present year. Their corps was formed for service during the War of 1812-15. It has 
passed through many vicissitudes. The once famous and picturesque Philadelphia Fire Zouaves were 
merged into its ranks, and in 1878 it was increased from a single companj^ to its present forma- 
tion. Its dress uniform includes black bear-skin shakos and red tunics. It is noted for the wonderful 
accuracy of its drill. 




ARTILLERY CAJIP AT MT. GRETNA, PA. 

The First Regiment is composed largely of business men, and as the old " Gray Reserves" 
was prominent during and subsequent to the war of '61-65. It has always maintained a high 
degree of proficiency. The dress uniform is especially natty and effective. A Veteran Corps com- 
posed of former active members is connected with the " First." 

The Second Regiment is a sturdj^, well drilled body, once known as the " National Guards," 
with a large proportion of old soldiers of the war in various grades of command. Gray has always 
been its favorite uniform color. It has a fine Armory site selected on upper Broad Street. 

The Third Regiment represents the down-town martial contingent, 
and since the election of its present Colonel, with other acquisitions to its 1 
field and line, it has become a strong and enthusiastic corps. 

The Gra}^ Invincibles, representing the colored citizens, does them 
great credit. Its uniform of which the towering shako of black bear-skin 
is a part, gives the company an almost barbaric effect on parade. 

The Naval Reserves Battalion is of recent formation and is the 
outcome of a wise policy which seeks to train a carefully selected body of 
young men in the details of naval life and marine operations of attack and 
defense. It is uniformed according to naval regulations. 

Each organization in addition to its distinctive and showy dress 
uniform, is fully equipped with the State dress which, in its present form 
is admirably adapted for use in camp and campaign ser\'ice. The rank and 
file as well as the field, staff and line ofi&cers are made up of the best 
classes of our native youth, who evince, at all times, a soldierly spirit and 
laudable pride in the record of the citizen troops of the Keystone State, 
which has resulted in a compact organization aggregating 8,612 troops, 
which may be placed in the field, fully equipped for any service and for any 
length of time, within twenty-four hours' notice from the commander-in- 
chief. 

It may be safely asserted that the people of the City of Philadelphia 
are justly proud of the fact that the troops of their City and State are 
unequaled in all the qualities of the true soldier by those of no other State 
in the Union. 





171 



Beautiful Wayne and St. Davids. 




The glory of Philadelphia is her cordon of sub- 
urban settlements, nestling amid profuse shade, 
living centres of surroundings always picturesque, 
healthful and joyous. The chief of these lovely 
cottage communities is Wayne, and its neighbor 
St. Davids. Here is, if anywhere in America, 
the highest expression of refinement in rural life ; 
a place which the business man leaves in the 
morning for his duties in the city with regret, 
and to which he returns at evening with unal- 
loyed pleasure. Happily it is a place to which 
the man of moderate income may aspire. It is 
located among historic scenes upon the main line 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, a half hour from 
Broad Street Station, 400 feet higher than the 
city, with abundant train sendee through the 
year. The population is now nearly 3000. It is 
throughout an artistic and harmonious creation. Wayne was commenced seven years ago by Messrs. 
Childs and Drexel, with high idtals and unlimited capital. It has artesian water works, Edison electric 
lights. Waring sewage and Holly steam heating. The only business enterprises in the village are those 
which immediately concern the householders. Costly and picturesque churches of several denomina- 
tions, good schools, and an Opera House exist here. The pretty home of the 
Wayne Country Club is an athletic and social rallying place. There are^ 
two hotels, the Bellevue and Louella. Strangers in Philadelphia 
wishing to see us at our best should go to Wayne and 
St. Davids. They will be welcomed by the manager, 
Mr. Frank Smith, near the station at Wayne, who 
will also mail beantiful photo-gravure illustrations of 
the place on application. 

172 





Atlantic City. 



Philadelphia's Great An=The=Year Pleasure Resort. 




Atlantic City, which is not onlj' the greatest seashore resort of the Atlantic 
coast, but of the entire world, occupies an important relation to Philadelphia as a 
community', and many thousands of its citizens, individually' ; founded as it was and 
- principally sustained and patronized by the people of the "Quaker City." 

Ijocated immediately upon the verge of the untrammelled ocean, less 

than sixty miles southeast from Philadelphia, Atlantic City has developed, 

within a generation, from a small and inconsequential hamlet, with a limited 

midsummer patronage, to a wide-spread, busy, healthful and beautiful place, 

having a practically continuous season. 

Many fortunate conditions have contributed to the wonderful 
development of Atlantic City, 
and which indicate its still fur- 
ther expansion, embellishment, 
and increase in public favor. 
Speedy transit, over a choice 
uf railroads from a great and prosper- 
ous cit}', have made it essentiall}^ a Philadel- 
phia resort, but the hotel registers reveal the fact that 
guests in large numbers come here from many distant points, 
with an ever increasing patronage from New York Cit}^ 
from which passengers come via the Central Railroad of 
New Jersey, connecting with the Atlantic City trains of 
both the Pennsylvania and the Reading Railroads. 

Parlor cars are attached to rapid express trains over 
both lines of railroad firom Camden (opposite Philadelphia), 
throughout the year, and in Spring and Summer a sixty 

minute schedule to the shore is in force, trains being run at short interA^als. Atlantic City is located 
upon a sandy island, has an ocean front facing slightly east of south, and is very nearly upon the 
latitude of Baltimore. The remarkable geniality of the climate through the j'ear is attributed to the 
proximity of the gulf stream which is nearer at this place than at any other portion of the New Jersey 

coast. Probably the most noticeable features of Atlantic City upon " iirst 

impressions" are its remarkable cleanliness, brightness, and universal air 

of prosperity. Its six hundred or more hotels and boarding houses, 

and uncounted cottages, shops, warehouses, banks, churches and 

public buildings are bisected and transversed by broad, carefully 

graded streets. The avenues, parallel with the ocean, are 

named after the g^eat seas of the world, while the highways 

leading from the ocean front athwart the island bear the names 

of the States of the Union. The "built up" city extends along 

the sea front between three and four miles ; electric cars mn 

upon Atlantic Avenue between the extremes of the town, 

and, in fact, down the shore past Chelsea and South Atlantic 

City to Longport, close by Egg Harbor Inlet, and opposite 

Ocean City, a distance of ten miles. At the Inlet terminus, at 

the eastern end of Atlantic City, tlie cars connect with a steam 

ferry boat to Brigantine Beach, which also has its electric railway. 

173 




ON A BREEZY D.\Y. 




THE BOARDWALK IN ADGUST. 




leading, by swift transit, up the shore. The railroad stations 
front upon Atlantic Avenue, and thus the new arrival may 
go quickl}' by either trolley or coach to his chosen hotel. 

The permanent population of Atlantic City is about 
17,000, the majority of the residents being engaged in a wide 
variety of vocations, all of which are dependent upon the 
THE SHELBDRNE. immcuse patronage of the resort for their success. 

The city has a progressive local government which has introduced many important reforms 
and improvements. The streets are illuminated with abundant arc lights, and the immunity from 
disastrous fires is due to one of the most alert and efficient fire departments in the United States, which 
is the especial pride of the people. Two well edited and newsy daily papers, the Union and the Review, 
each of which also has a weekly edition, are printed all the year. While the tide of patronage is at its 
flood in August, the population has numbered upon some occasions as high as 135,000; Atlantic 
City long since ceased to be considered simply as a delightful Summer 
resort. Her "season" never ends. A very considerable proportion of 
the hotels, including those of the larger and the most sumptuous class, 
now find it worth while to keep open house all Winter, and a week or 
so at the shore in the so called ' ' inclement season ' ' has become fashion- 
able. Sun Parlors are a feature of every hotel, and the number of days 
during the Winter months when even an invalid may not enjoy a brisk 
walk or a rolling chair upon Atlantic City's great " midway plaisance," 
the boardwalk, are very few indeed. Strangers to the seashore in Winter 

are often astonished at leaving Philadelphia 
or New York immersed in the gloom of a 
November or January storm to find Atlan- 
tic City smiling and sparkling in clear 

sunshine. In proof of this superior climate, the islesworth. 

not only in comparison with inland points, but as regards the relation 
with other sections of the Atlantic Coast, the National Government 
offers abundant and accurate testimony, the result of careful observations 
made during a series of years by expert observers who have no bias of 
preference to discredit their reports. The mean annual amount of rainfall 
in a series of years at the places indicated is as follows : 

Atlantic City 40.24 inches. 

Barnegat, N.J 50.20 " 

Cape May, N. J 46.70 " 

Sandy Hook, N. J 52.05 " 














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THE SHILL ROLUNG CHAIRS. 



THE CASINO. 



S212ii#^°^^' 




THE TRAYMORE. 



Tired people, nearly all classes of invalids, and 
growing children especially, are greatly benefited by a 
few days here ; and for her great present popularity, 
Atlantic City is indebted, in no small degree, to the 
conimendations of physicians who have verified 
her claims as a great sanitarium. The invalid 
reader is strongly advised to address A. W. Baily, M.D., 
President New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical So- 
ciety', Atlantic City, for a copy of his excellent pamphlet, 
"Atlantic City, N. J., as an all-year-round resort." 

The beginning of lent marks a large influx of 
gTiests at the principal hotels. May and June are delic- 
ious at the shore. In July and August all accommoda- 
tion is taxed to its utmost. Autumn is the glory of the 
gunner, who finds abundant sport upon the meadows, 
in the pines of the mainland and along the shore. 
Upon bright Winter days the sneak boats of the sports- 
men venture far out upon the open sea to the feeding grounds of the brant and wild duck, bagging 
them in large numbers. 

Fishing is in vogue the greater part of the 
year, and when the bluefish are along the coast the 
cat boats swarm out from the inlet catching them by 
the thousand But the great popular diversion is 
crabbing, and as the salt water channels that girt the 
town seem paved with crabs, it has its sure rewards 
All Summer long the white sails of the pleasure 
sloops cluster about the pavilion at the inlet like sea- 
gulls upon an oyster reef, always going and coming- 
through the channel that pierces the heaving breakers. 
From the inlet beyond Absecon lighthouse, whereas 
for many j^ears past the genial Major "Abe" Wolf 
still keeps watch and ward. The famous boardwalk, 
twenty-four feet wide, extends south and westward 
three and a half miles close by the surf ; upon the one 

THE TRAYMORE OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

hand is the broad, clean beach, with its ceaseless surf, 
and often peopled with myriad bathers: upon the 
other, with the hotels for a background > are many 
scores of bazaars, pavilions, galleries, shops, merr}^- 
go-rounds, and bath houses — a veritable ' 'vanity fair. 
The finest structure fronting upon the boardwalk is 
the beautiful Casino. It is _-,--. 

located between Indiana 
and Illinois Avenues, and 
is open all the year. It 
contains attractive parlors, 
sun galleries, reading and 
smoking rooms, a beautiful 
assembly hall, sea water 
swimming pool, hot sea 
water baths, bowling allej^s 

175 






THE OBSERVATION ROUNDABOUTS 



HADDON HALI,. 



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"^'■'%^*** 




•■BATHING HOUR ON THE BEACH."— From photo hy Albert Moerk. 

and shuffle boards : it is, in fact, a club house, to which guests of all hotels and all visitors are admit- 
ted, the weekly rate being f i.oo, and single admissions 25 cents. 

The following notes, with accompanying illustrations, will afford the reader a list of the most 
desirable and popular hotels of the first-class to choose from when planning a visit to Atlantic City. 

The Hotei, Traymorb, Illinois Avenue, is conducted by Messrs. W. W. Green & Co. ; 
capacity, 300 ; has passenger elevator, steam and open grates in sleeping rooms and public apartments ; 
best sanitary arrangements, sun parlor, billiards, etc. 

The Chalfonte, North Carolina Avenue ; Messrs. E. Roberts & Sons, proprietors ; passenger 
elevator, salt water baths, steam heat, open grates, extended porches, lawn tennis ground, and all 
conveniences. 

Haddon Hall, North Carolina Avenue ; Messrs. Leeds & L,ippincott, proprietors ; artistically 
furnished throughout; fine sun parlor, steam heat and grates, elevator, etc., hot and cold sea water 
baths on each sleeping floor. 

The Shelburne, Michigan Avenue; The A. B. Roberts Co., proprietors; every convenience, 
including passenger elevator, hot and cold sea water baths, etc. This house is open through the entire 
year. 

The Brighton, Messrs. F. W. Hemsley & Son, proprietors ; elevator, open grates, steam heat, 
sun parlors ; convenient to Casino. 

The Islesworth, Virginia Avenue; Messrs. Buck & McClellan, proprietors; passenger 

elevator, electric lights, covered walk extends 
from the hotel to the boardwalk and beach. 

The Seaside House ; Chas. Evans, 
proprietor ; open all the year ; elevator, sun 
galleries, hot and cold sea baths in the house, 
steam heat, grate fires. 

Hotel Luray, Kentucky Avenue ; 
Mr. J. White, proprietor; new sun parlor, 
heated in cool weather ; pleasant rooms and 
outlook ; all conveniences ; a covered board- 
walk extends from the hotel direct to the 
amusement parlor on the boardwalk. 

All of the hotels mentioned are fur- 
nished in the most cheerful and attractive 
style. They are all close to the beach, nearly 
all rooms affording an ocean view. 



HADDON HALL SUN PARLOR. 





ifennr 

The most popular feature among 
the numerous attractions encountered 
along the boardwalk is undoubtedlj^ 
the Observation Roundabouts, oper- 
ated by Messrs. Wm. Somers & Co. 
Mr. Somers, of this firm, built the 
first wheel in 1S91, and it was from 
this that the idea was obtained for the 
famous Ferris wheel at the Columbian 
World's Fair. Mr. Edwards, of this 
firm, is the leading florist of Atlantic 
City, his Floral Hall, at 107 South 
Carolina Avenue, being a supply point 
for all parties, receptions, etc., which 
are so num_erous in the busy season. 
THK CHAI.1...NTH-LOOKIXG T.nv.ARD THE BEACH. Another receut innovation upon the 

boardwalk, now much in vogue, is the rolling chair station of Mr. Shill, a blessing to invalids espec- 
ially, and popular with the ladies. 

The famous boardwalk extending along the entire 

frontage of the city for a distance of between four and five 

miles, affords a splendid promenade for the army of pleasure 

seekers and invalids always to be found at this resort. It is 

bordered with numerous pavilions, all containing features of 

attraction, the aggregate of which is nearly as varied and 

entertaining as the great "midway," of the Columbian 

World's Fair. Several of the bathing establishments, nota- 
bly that of Mr. George Jackson, are very extensive, and 

not only provide interior plunge baths (one of which, at the 

Casino, is open through the whole year), but supplj' the 

m5'riad bathers, who crowd the Summer surf, with the 

Orthodox costumes of flannel. The bathing hour upon 

x\tlantic City beach in the warm season is one of the great 

sights of the country. the latitude of Atlantic city. 

The visitor here will be attracted by the many pleasant streets, bordered with pretty and often 

costly private cottages, owned chiefly by Philadelphians. 

As a phase of modern American life, it may be claimed that this remarkable "City by the Sea" 

affords healthful pleasures and rest to a greater number of orderly, appreciative people than any other 

ocean resort in the world. 

Strangers visiting Atlantic City 
who may desire quarters at one of the 
smaller hotels, are commended to the 
Revere, Park Avenue, which is open 
throughout the j'ear, and conducted by 
Mr. James M. Moore, formerl}^ of the 
Glen Mountain House, Watkins Glen. 
Mention should' be made of the 
excellent photographic facilities at the 
galleries of Mr. Albert Moerk, and Mr. 
Bellis, to both of whom we are indebted 
for much valuable aid. The bathing 
scenes produced by the former are prob- 
ably unequalled anywhere. 





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THE SEASIDE. 




The Catholic Church 

in Philadelphia. 




James P. LaFFERTY, Catholic Times. 



It is impossible to give an adequate 
account of the past progress or present 
position of the Catholic Church in 
Philadelphia, in the necessarily limited 
space accorded an article in a work of 
this character. That there were 
Catholics among the first settlers there is little doubt, and that Mass was celebrated here as early as 
1693, even less doubt exists. The dates given as marking the beginning of the earliest churches are on 
competent authority, as follows: St. Josephs, 1733; St. Mary's, 1763; Holy Trinity, 1789; St. 
Augustine's, 1796. The latter church was fired by a mob in 1 844 and rebuilt in 1846. The Catholic 
population, according to a report made by Rev. Robert Harding to the Governor of the Province on 
April 29, 1757, amounted to 150 English speaking persons, under Father Harding's charge, and 228 
Germans, under Rev. Theodore Schneider. At that time the Catholic population of the entire State 
was 1365 persons. Those desiring further historic details will find many valuable documents deposited 
among the archives of the American Catholic Historical Society, whose headquarters are at 219-221 
South Sixth Street, this city. An idea of the great progress made by the church since the last men- 
tioned date may be gained from the statistics which follow. These are for the city only, except 
when otherwise stated, though the Arch-diocese embraces the counties of I^ehigh, Montgomery, 
Delaware, Chester, Backs, Berks, Northampton, Schuylkill and Carbon, in addition to Philadelphia. 
The Catholic population of the Arch-diocese at present is about 410,000. In the city proper are sixty- 
two churches. The universal character of the Church is exemplified in the provision made for the 
spiritual needs of almost every known tongue, including the Syrian. Provision is also made for the 
deaf mutes. Though the Catholic Church makes no race distinctions, as a convenience to the colored 
Catholics, a church is located central to the colored population. The city churches are provided with 
about 175 priests, representing, besides the secular clergy, the Jesuits, Redemptorists, Augustinians, 
Lazarists, and Fathers of the Holy Ghost. The Seminaries are three in number, that of St. Charles 
Borromeo at Overbrook, having 141 students, with four of its students completing courses at Rome, 
three at Louvain, Belgium, and two at the Catholic University, Washington, D. C. At the Monastery 
of St Thomas, at Villa Nova, besides a large number of other students, eight are preparing to enter the 
Order of St. Augustine. At St. Vincent's Seminary, Germantown, eight are preparing to enter the 
Congregation of the Mission (Lazarists), and at the Apostolic School attached, thirty-one are studying 
for the priesthood. There are three Colleges, with 487 students ; fifteen Academies and select schools, 
with 1,391 pupils. The " Roman Catholic High School,'' for boys, at Broad and Vine Streets, provided 
for by a bequest of the late Thomas E. Cahill, has 475 pupils. Fifty-four Parochial Schools have 24,879 
pupils. The benevolent and charitable work of the Church covers every phase of human need, from 
the cradle to the grave, aye more, it begins before the former, and does not cease with the latter. St. 
Vincent's Home and Maternity Hospital, Seventieth and Woodland Avenue, received during last year 
677 infants, and had in its care at the close of the year 160. It had ten patients in the Maternity 
Hospital at that date, and received sixty-four during the year. St. Vincent's Home, Eighteenth and 
Wood Streets, had 142 children at the end of the year. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum (German), 
Tacony, had 218 inmates on January i, 1894. St. John's Orphan Asylum for Boys, Forty-eighth and 
Lancaster Avenue, has at present 385 boys. The Catholic Home for Destitute Girls, had 205 girls at the 
close of the year. St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, Seventh and Spruce Streets, has 180 girls, and 

178 



the branch house in Germantown, the same number, St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi's Home for Italian 
Orphan Girls, Marriott Street, has 27 inmates. The Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, at Andalusia, in 
charge of Mother M. Katherine (Drexel), provide a home for 180 Indian and colored children. This order 
was founded for the work of the Indian and Colored Missions. St. Francis de Sales Industrial School 
Eddington, provided for by the will of the late Francis A. Drexel, is preparing 250 boys to follow useful 
trades. At the branch house 507 South Ninth Street, a home is provided for 24 boys employed in the 
city. St. Joseph's House for Homeless Industrious Boys, Pine below Eighth Street, cares for 100 boys, 
having a library, literary society, savings fund, cadet company, etc. St. Mary's Home for Working 
Girls, 1628 North Broad Street, has furnished a home and procured situations for 322 girls since its 
establishment, January 20, 1893. The House of the Good Shepherd, for fallen women, and for the 
preser\ration of young girls who are wayward, is located at Thirty-fifth and Fairmount Avenue. It has 
320 penitents, exclusive of 153 " Magdalens, " who are now devoting their lives to the salvation of 
others. In the Asylum of St. Magdalen, Germantown, are 33 colored penitents. In the Children's 
Industrial School, Thirty-ninth and Pine Streets, are 96 children. All three institutions are in charge 
of the ' ' Sisters of the Good Shepherd." At St. Patrick's Academy, Twentieth and ILocust, a class of 
51 deaf and dumb girls are instructed. There is a Sunday School for deaf mutes at St. Patrick's, and a 
chaplain also visits the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Mount Airy. The I^ittle 
Sisters of the Poor, Eighteenth above Jefferson Street, take care of 250 old persons, without respect to 
sex, nationality or creed. The Home for the Aged Poor of Both Sexes, Germantown, under the same 
auspices, ministers to the wants of 300 old people. St. Ann's Widows' Asylum, West Franklin Square, 
takes care of 48 widows. The Tabernacle Society, at the Academy of Notre Dame, West Rittenhouse 
Square, supplies poor churches everywhere with the necessary altar furnishings, vestments, etc A 
somewhat similar society at the Sacred Heart Convent, 1819 Arch Street, donates a portion of its work 
to poor churches. St. Agnes' Hospital, Broad and Mifflin Streets, one of the finest structures of its kind, 
richly endowed by the late Francis A. Drexel, Andrew Nebinger, M. D., and Geo. W. Nebinger, M. D \ 
had at the first -of the year 96 patients, treated during the year 1,520 in the hospital, and 14,517 
m the dispensary. St. Josephs Hospital, Seventeenth and Girard Avenue, had 84 inmates January i, 
1894, treated during the year in the hospital 1,556, and in the dispensary, 4,507. St. Mary's 
Hospital, Frankford Avenue and Palmer Street, had 70 inmates at the close of the year, treated in the 
hospital during the year 899, and in the dispensary, 13,970. The Sisters of Mercy visit the sick poor, 
relieving want and imparting religious instruction. They also visit the state and county prisons' 
Priests from adjacent churches minister to the needs of inmates of public institutions, and at Blockley 
Almshouse a chapel is located, attended by a priest, specially assigned for the purpose. The Catholic 
Total Abstinence Union has in the Arch-diocese 162 societies, with about 16,000 members. The Irish 
Catholic Benevolent Union's National President and Secretary reside here. There are 56 branches of the 
Union in the city, with a membership approaching 7,000. Catholic young men's societies flourish in 
every section of the city ; even the Catholic students of the University of Pennsylvania have their special 
organization, The Newman Club. The De I'Epec Catholic Deaf Mutes' Association has a room at 
Philopatrian Hall, 21 1 S. 12th Street. The Catholic Club, of Philadelphia, a social body, is located on 
Locust Street above Broad. The Catholic Knights of America have eleven branches ; the Catholic 
Benevolent Legion, seven councils; the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, three branches. Many 
other Catholic societies, and as a prominent ecclesiastic has termed them, "societies of Catholics," are 
represented in the city. Forty-six parishes have Conferences of St. Vincent de Paul, and many have 
Dorcas Societies. The conferences during 1893 distributed $26,206 among the poor. The American 
Central Direction of the Apostleship of Prayer, League of the Sacred Heart (English speaking branch), 
has Its office at 161 1 Girard Avenue. The Catholic journals of Philadelphia consist of one daily (Ger- 
man), seven weeklies (one of which is German), two semi-monthlies, two monthlies, and four quarterlies. 
The Arch-diocese of Philadelphia is presided over by His Grace Most Rev. Patrick John Ryan, 
D.D., LL.D. Right Rev. Monsignor Nicholas Cantwell is Vicar General, and Rev. James F. Loughlin! 
D.D., is Chancellor, The visitor to Philadelphia will find many monuments of the zeal of the clergy 
and laity of the past as well as of the present age. If a Catholic he will be pleased, if not, he will at 
least be interested. 



179 



Our Jewish Citizens. 



By Henry S. Morais. 



Long before the American Revolutionary War, Hebrews had located in Philadelphia. There is 
evidence that as early as 1740, Jewish citizens met for worship, although not in any consecrated 
spot. The original Jewish settlers were chiefly of Spanish or Portuguese origin, some of whom 
came hither from Brazil, which country they had first sought as a refuge from persecution 
in the old world. The importance of the Jews, commercially and socially, in this progressive 
era, in the City of Philadelphia, is universally recognized. The Jews are naturally a law abiding 
people, and follow, peacefully, their vocations, desirous only of contributing to the weal of the 
community of which they are a part, and of earning the regard and esteem of their fellow citizens, 
with all of whom they share in common the freedom and the liberties vouchsafed us under our 
beneficent constitution. The Jewish population of the city is now nearly 40,000. 

The charities maintained by the Philadelphia Hebrews are upon a scale with their pi onounced 
traits of sympathy witli and liberality toward the unfortunate and needy of their race. At the office of 
the United Hebrew Charities, 636 N. Sixth Street, the sum of $51,071.42 was expended up to the end 
of the fiscal year (May, '92) in various sums to thousands of applicants. There is also an 
Auxiliary Branch which maintains an Employment Bureau. The Jewish Hospital Association 
maintains, at Olney Road near York Road, a beautifully environed Hospital, a Home for the 
Aged and Infirm, and the fine Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary. The Jewish Foster Home, upon 
Mill Street, German town, is a large and costly edifice set in the midst of extensive and shady 
grounds, and which now contains about ninety orphans, with a capacity for more. 

In educational matters the Jews are well advanced. The Hebrew Education Society 
maintains three free schools for Hebrew and religious instruction in diff'erent parts of this city. 
At its Southern building, Touro Hall, Tenth and Carpenter Streets, there are, besides, English Schools 
and Industrial classes, where useful trades are taught to numerous pupils of both sexes ; as many as 
1400 scholars having been admitted in a single year. 

The Young Women's Union, a branch of the above society, does vast work at 230 Pine Street 
At the two Hebrew Sunday Schools, Northern and Southern, and the Hebrew Sewing Schoo^, hundreds 
of children are aff"orded instruction. The Philadelphia Branch of the Jewish 
Theological Seminary Association, whose centre is in New York City, the Young Men's 
Hebrew Association (occupying a fine building as a library, reading and lecture hall 
and gymnasium, at 933 North Broad Street), the Hebrew Literature Society, and 
Jewish Publication Society of America, are all organized for the preservation of 
Jewish traditions and literature. 

The Philadelphia Branch of the 
universal Israelitish Alliance has about 
400 members 




JEWISH FOSTER HOME. 



The Society of Friends. 




By Frank H. Tayi,or. 



It is in the months of April and Ma}^ that the casual observer sojourning in the 
City of Philadelphia may best note the entire fitness of the sobriquet of the ' ' Quaker 
City." Upon the third second day of the fourth month the Orthodox branch of 
the Society of Friends begins the sessions of its yearly meetings, and a month 
later the great annual gathering of the Hicksite portion of the Society commences. 
The first of these is held in the substantial old meeting-house set in the midst 
of the ground, surrounded by a high brick wall, at Fourth and Arch Streets, 
which was set apart by the founder of the city for that purpose. The second 
series of meetings is held in the large meeting-house at Fifteenth and Race Streets. 
This sect is divided nearly equally into its t^^'o distinct branches. The 
Orthodox Friends hold yearly meetings in New England, in the cities of New 
York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, in the States of North Carolina, Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, and Iowa, 
and there are also " Western " and " Canadian " regular meetings. The total Orthodox membership is 
placed at 85,950. The number of Orthodox Friends in Philadelphia, which includes most of those 
who habitually wear the quaint garb of the sect and many who do not, is only 5,500 persons, but here, 
as elsewhere, they exercise an influence upon the community, and in the conduct of local, State and 
National affairs, quite out of proportion to their numerical strength. Simplicity, truth and humanity 
characterize them in all the relations of life. 

That portion of the sect which meets at Philadelphia, in April, includes the delegates of the Friends 
from the quarterly meetings held in the States of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. 
The quarterly meetings are in turn made up of local monthly meetings. During the week of this 
conference, the vicinity of the staid old meeting-house on Arch Street is thronged with attendants, the 
women clad in the neat gray and brown dresses and quaint poke bonnets usually worn by them, and the 
men arrayed in the broad-brimmed hats and straight-cut suits so familiar in Philadelphia at all times. 
These costumes, contrary to general belief, were never adopted specifically by the Friends, but are simply 
sim-ivals of a once popular fashion left behind by the more fickle "world's people," but retained by 
the conservative " Quakers " because it was found that a distinctive dress had its restraining influences. 
It is not obligatory, and the younger members very generally dress in the ordinary styles of the times. 
Although generally, as individuals and as an organization, the Quakers are wealthy, their 
buildings, like their dress, are exceedingly plain. Anything savoring of extravagance in ornament is 
discouraged. At the service, the congregation sitting upon plain, unpainted benches, the sexes 
separated, usually meditate in silence, awaiting the promptings of the Spirit before venturing upon 
speech. The ministers and elders are not compensated, and are generally engaged in business pursuits 
as a means of support. Many of the ministers are women. Questions coming before the meetings are 
never determined by vote, but by the weight of argument, the clerk acting as mediator. Affirmation is 
accepted by the courts in lieu of the oath in the case of witnesses of this faith. Perfect candor and 
directness of speech is enjoined in all their dealings with one another and with the world. 



iSi 



The Largest in the World. 



Vast Enterprises Existing in Our Midst. 



The group of industries located in Philadelphia, described under the twelve headings immediately 
following, are believed to be the largest and most important in extent, and the scope of tlieir operations 
in their respective fields, in the world. It should be added that there are many other representative 
establishments and institutions represented iipon the pages of this book, for which, although the 
superlative distinction above indicated is not claimed, it is proper to credit with ver^' large and far- 
reaching business connections, with a corresponding influence upon not only the prosperity of this city, 
but of the whole country. 



BURNHAM, WILLIAMS & COMPANY 
HENRY DISSTON & SONS 
POWERS & WEIGHTMAN 
JOHN B. STETSON COMPANY 
JOHN BROMLEY & SONS 
KEYSTONE WATCH CASE COMPANY 



ABRAM COX STOVE COMPANY 
CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
McNEELY & COMPANY 
GEO. V. CRESSON COMPANY 
N. W. AVER & SON 
OUEEN & COMPANY 



Baldwin Locomotive Works, 



Burnham, Williams & Co. 




Philadelphia has always been justly proud oi 
her great locomotive building plant, founded 
sixty-three j'ears ago by Matthias W. Baldwin, 
an ingenious mechanic, and which 
has developed into the greatest 
concern of the kind in existence. 
Since the first Baldwin engine, 
the "Old Ironsides, "was turned 
out, dating the end of 1893, 
nearly fourteen thousand loco- 
motives have been built and placed in service all over the civilized world. These machines vary in 
weight from 5100 pounds to 195,000 pounds each. The largest output was achieved in 1890, when 
nine hundred and forty-six locomotives were completed, and twenty have been built in a single 
week. In addition a large business is done in supplying duplicate parts for repairs. 

The buildings now maintained by Burnham, Williams & Co., the owners of this vast 
industry, cover sixteen acres in the heart of the city, and number twentj'-four. The principal 
departments are run day and night. The pay-roll includes about 5100 employes, and the present 
capacity per annum is 1000 locomotives ; 5000 horse power is employed in steam, and twenty -six 
dynamos supply additional power and light; 1000 tons of coal and 1500 tons of iron are used 
weekly. The erecting shop has a capacity for the completion of seventy -six locomotives simul- 
taneously. In 1889 the company began to build four-cylinder compound engines, suited for both pas- 
senger and freight service, and this type has proven the most successful yet devised; of this class 458 
have been completed or are contracted for up to Januarj' ist, 
1 894, the largest number of any type of compound engine j^et 
produced. The saving of fuel, as contrasted with ordinary 
locomotives, is from 25 to 40 per cent, in freight service. 

The present firm is composed of Messrs. George 
Burnham, Edward H. Williams, William P. Henszey, John 
H. Converse and William L. Austin. 







•1S2 



THE " OLD IRONSIDES," 1832. 




Hand Saw 
Finishing, 



^v The Keystone Saw, Tool, Steel and File Works, Philadelphia. 

Henry Disston & Sons, Incorporated. 

"When Henry Disston began, in 1843, to make saws, near Second and Arch Streets, 
the saws that were then cutting the lumber that floated down the Delaware, Susque- 
hanna and AUeghen}' Rivers, in his adopted State, were made in New York and 
England. Now the Disston works supply the saws for a continent, employ 2000 hands, 
and own a plant covering a good sized farm ; and Disston 's saws are famous wherever there is a tree 
to be turned into lumber, or a house, boat or ship to be built." 

The above extract from an editorial article appearing in the Times of Philadelphia, upon June 6, 
1893, ably epitomizes the growth of a business which Philadelphians have for many years regarded 
with especial pride, and in the expansion of which, to its present proportions, a large and prosperous 
suburb, filled with comfortable homes, owned by skillful American mechanics, chiefly owes its 
existence. 

Tacony, close by the western shore of the 
Delaware River, where the group of buildings 
composing the Disston works is located, is twelve 
miles by the Pennsylvania Railroad (New York 
Division), from Broad Street Station. Twenty- 
one buildings adapted to the complex details of 
this manufacture, stand in and largely cover an 
enclosure of thirty-eight acres, which has a tide- 
water frontage of 1500 feet; 2000 men are, in 
round numbers, upon the pay-roll, and the pro- 
duct is indicated tersely as follows : Hand saws 
manufactured, 2500 dozen weekly ; circular saws 
manufactured (all sizes), 50,000 yearly; cross- 
cut, mill, mulay and drag saws, 200,000 yearly ; 
hack and butcher saws, 6000 dozen yearly ; 
compass, keyhole and web saws, 43,000 dozen 
yearly ; brick trowels, 4200 dozen yearly ; files, 
1000 dozen daily. 

Further figures might be quoted to show 
the enormous consumption of coal, lumber and other commodities used in the process of the work every 
year, all of which stand for labor and wages to miners, woodsmen and mechanics in scores of other places. 
The evolution of the saw of our forefathers into its present perfection of material and design began 
with the early efforts of the founder, Henry Disston, more than half a century since, and the application 
of ingenious machinery, the fostering and adoption of clever inventions have been constant ever since. 
The initial step in saw making is the hammering and rolling of the ingots of steel, which are 
prepared for three^lasses of saws. The straight saw, which is developed from the implement of tradi- 
tion, the modern circular saw, and the band saw, 
operated upon pulleys. These ingots are made of 
Swedish and American iron, at the Disston works, 
^, and the product is of unrivalled quality. The 
accurate processes of grinding and tempering, 
formerly accomplished by manual labor entirely, 
are now effected by health -and labor-saving ma- 
chines, and thus, all through the journey of the 
inchoate saw, on its way to the shipping depart- 
ment, ingenuity and care is met at every step. 



Henry Disston & Sons' Works, Tacony, Philadelphia. 




Rolling Large Circular Saw Plates. 





mMmn 
mnmm 



B B i»l-«Hj^| p . -^1 p J, ,, ^, „ ^„ ,r ,! f ,5 J ;. ^i 

^felMaaJ.a'-B ft B' B.ii K « l«J-.' 5ln" 





John Bromley & 5ons. 



Rugs, Chenille Curtains and Table Covers, and Lace Curtains. 




Eleven acres of floor space, enclosed in a magnificent five-storj' building and its 
annex structures, equipped throughout with niachiner}^ which, when fully 
operated, gives emploj'ment to 2,300 operatives, suggests the vast extent of the 
plant of Messrs. John Bromle}^ & Sons, fronting upon Lehigh Avenue, and 
extending from Filmore to LeamA^ Street, and to Somerset Street in the rear. 

In addition to this notable group of buildings the firm continues to 
occupy its former factor^', at Front, Jasper and York Streets, which is devoted 
entirely to the production of Smyrna rugs, and usually engages a force of 500 
operatives. Total, 2,800. 

The new mills are undoubtedly the largest of the kind in the world- 
They include, in addition to the main building, the picker house, ofiice building, 
wing buildings, lace mill, chenille mill, weave shed, dj'e house, boiler house, engine house, dj'e 
house, sizing house and cop boiling house. The product of these mills includes chenille curtains and 
table co\-ers, and lace curtains in a great variety of artistic designs. The number of distinct shades of 
color used exceed 600, and of designs in chenilles alone about 150. The various processes between the 
yarns for curtains and covers, and the threads for lace making, and the beautifully finished goods, as 
displayed in the show room, are interesting and require not only the most admirable system in all depart- 
ments, but a high degree of skill upon the part of the workers. The most original and practical talent 
is employed in the designing rooms, where the rich combinations of color and form, destined to delight 
the eye of the house furnisher, are first accurately worked out upon paper, to be aftenvard cut into 
strips, properly classified and given to the loom workers, whose task it is to produce, collectively, the 
parti-colored chenille ready to be cut, wound into " cops," and finally Avoven into a harmonious pattern. 
In lace curtains are shown the productions of the best designers of both this country and Europe. 
No expense is spared by the owners of this great industrial concern to lead the market both in designs 
and fabrics. The mill is equipped with the latest and most improved machinery for making this class 
of goods, and every effort is made to produce results equal in every respect with goods of a similar 
character manufactured anywhere in the world. Few industrial processes among the thousands of 
factories in this busy city afford the favored visitor who is permitted to inspect them, so much to admire 
as those incident to the making of these artistic chenille and lace curtains, destined to embellish the 
homes of America. 

The rug mills are operated under the style of John Bromley & Sons, while the lace and chenille 
curtain and cover mills are conducted by the Bromley Manufacturing Company, simply as a matter of 
business convenience, the ownership of both plants being vested in the same persons. 

184 




The Keystone Watch Case Co 




Artistic and durable work based upon a famous Philadelphia invention. 



8IB4 



The discovery made by a clever Philadelphia watch case maker, James Boss, in his invention 
of the now famous "Boss" Filled watch cases, may be regarded as the corner stone of 
the vast business which has been developed to its present proportions by the Keystone Watch 
Case Company, one of Philadelphia's group of ' ' largest industries in the world. ' ' The above 
illustration will give the reader a fair idea of the extensive works at Nineteenth and Brown 
Streets, but only a tour in detail can impress one with the intricate work performed in the 
busy hive which exists within. The costly and delicate machinery, the skilled workers, the 
many processes between the plate and the completed case, ready for its vitals from Waltham 
or Elgin. 

The discovery by James Boss was made forty years ago. As another writer has 
tersely said, " He took as the basis .for his case a plate of composition metal, together with 
two plates of gold, soldered them together, rolled out the plate to the necessary thickness, and cut it 
into shape for the various parts of the case. He thus produced a stronger covering for the movement 
than the average solid gold case, because of the stiffening plate between the gold, and one that would 
look and wear as well, while costing but about half as much." The Keystone Watch Case Company 
manufacture, however, beside the " Boss " cases, every other kind in use, from the richest solid gold to 
the cheapest nickel, all grades produced being the acknowledged standard in the trade. 

Here's the Idea. Another "bright idea" patented by this concern is the non-pull- 

out bow or ring, which cannot be broken by a thief or detached by 
accident. This is the only efficient device made for the purpose. Every 
5_^ penaant (stem) ana nts case made here has the trade mark of the concern, a keystone like this^^ 
^^^^ into the grooves, firmly stamped ou the iusidc cap. In addition each grade has its own trade 

mark impressed upon the back of the case. These grades are the Key- 
stone solid gold cases, James Boss 14 karat filled cases, James Boss 10 
karat filled cases. Cyclone rolled plate cases, Leader silver cases and Silveroid cases. Guarantees 
for the James Boss 14 karat cases run for 20 years, and for the 10 karat cases, 15 years. These 
guarantees are backed by the capital and reputation of the company. They are honest Philadelphia 
pledges to every buyer. 



^R«y : 



The bow has a groove 

on each end. A collar 

runs down inside the 

pendant (stem) and fits 

. into the grooves, firmly 

'^'^ *" ^ locking the bow to the 

pendant, so it cannot be pulled or 

twisted off. 



185 










"1/ 








John B. Stetson Company. 

THE MAKING OP A HAT, 

The exhibit of the John B. Stetson Company is one of the solid attractions at Chicago, showing, as it 
does, the greatest accomplishment of human endeavor in a very important division of domestic 
industry. Close inspection of it reveals why, in this particular line, home production has effectively 
overcome foreign competition, and made an article of export of a line of goods formerly included 
among our chief imports. 

The display consists of hats made exclusively of fine South American Nutria and North American Beaver, and 
is from the factories of the John B. Stetson Company, of Philadelphia. Those vfho know of the resources and 
reputation of this company would naturally expect from them a fine exhibit, but the variety of the styles and the 
number of colors and shades shown are so great that words fail to pay proper tribute to the skill, genius and liberality 
of the organization that placed them in the great Exhibition for public inspection. Possessing the attractiveness 
that it does, it is not wonderful that this exhibit should be the subject of much favorable comment, but possibly 
the most terse and just criticism was the recent utterance. "Why, sir, the name Stetson is as inseparably associated 
with the BEST HAT MADE as is that of Columbus with this Exhibition." Many men are wise in their time, and it 
would seem that this man's time had come, as his assertion will be willingly endorsed by those who wear hats as 
well as those who sell hats, from one end of the land to the other. 

To attempt to describe the styles and colors shown in Stetson's exhibit of hats involves the enumeration of 
the most fashionable achievements in shape, and all the colors and shades known to the trade. As to color, samples 
are shown in maroon, bronze, mode, mauve, cadet, dark blue, burgundy, ivy, belly nutria (a natural color), green, gold, 
salmon, pure white, bleuraix, orient, otter, rougemis. tannin, cuvere, vert, tan, silver-belly beaver (another natural 
color), there being not less than 150 various shapes, shades and colors of soft hats alone. 



SOFT HATS. 

Of what are commonly known to the trade at large as "kettle-finish" hats, on account of the fineness of the 
fur and their pliability, the variety seems almost without limit. These embrace many shapes and sizes, both of crown 
and brim, and the names not infrequently indicate the section of trade or the individual they are designed to please. 
One hat of this class is made in four different dimensions, suited to the taste of the wearer, and the " Tip Top," a small 
fine hat, used for traveling, is worthy of special mention. There are also shown hats of this class named the " North," 
" South," " East " and " West," and the different names quite effectively point to the division of the country in which 
these styles find a market Staple shapes, soft hats, are shown in many styles. 

Of what are termed ' ' Tourist Flange Brim ' ' hats there are albo over a dozen varieties. 



186 



Taken collectively, it would be an obstinate taste, indeed, that could not be suited with a hat of this style from 
the variety exhibited. 



STETSON'S STIFF HATS. 

Stiff hats, for which the firm has been so noted in past years, are also shown in great variety. The styles include 
"Stetson '93 "—{a standard hat, well known to the trade, and is made in different heights to suit the exigencies of 
demand) the collection including over fifty varieties. Samples of Mexican Sombreros are also shown. These are 
elaborately trimmed, and there are toy sombreros to tickle the fancy of youngsters. 




AN EXHIBITION OF FURS. 

The material from which these hats are made is very interesting ; it consists of Russian 

and German hares, white and yellow carrot ; Scotch coney, white and yellow carrot ; Nutria 

and beaver in raw and carrot state. 

Pelts, from which this fur is cut, 

are also shown in the plucked and 

raw state. 

Those identified with the hat 

trade will recognize not only in the 

case at the Exhibition, but also on 

the heads of many in the throng, 

numerous products of Stetson's 

factories. This is particularl3' true 
of the " Columbia," a real belly nutria, recognized as one of 
the best hats ever produced by the company, and the " Rouud 
Up," which crowns the heads chiefly of the cowboys of ihe 
Southwest, and may not infrequently be seen on the head of 
a Mexican, and the " B. O. P.," broad brim, "Boss of the 

Plains," is familiar. The " Pacos," one of the new varieties, with semi-stiff brim, finds favor chiefly among the Texans. 
When one takes into consideration that all the various styles of hats named, and many others made by the 
company not on exhibition, which can, and some it is said are, made in all the various shapes and colors enumerated 
above, a somewhat comprehensive conception of the vast output of this establishment is appreciable. 



INSPECTING THE FUR. 




CUTTING THE FUR. 



HIGHEST AWARDS THAT COULD BE GIVEN AT COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

This company has received the very highest awards for its fine fur hats at the Columbian Exposition, as wel. 

as the highest award over all competitors for cut furs. It is well known that this company makes only the finest 

goods and the award simply covers the entire product. 

The concern now finds a market for its manufactures not only in every state 
and territory of the country, but the demand comes from beyond the borders 
of the nation, and even from the very foreign centres from which we formerly 
imported goods of this character. Such progress is commendable, but it is all 
the more so when the full story shall have been revealed. To-day these works 
(which are now conducted by a stock company) have a paid-up capital of 
$2,700,000, and in no concern in the country are the interests of employer and 
employe more harmoniously amalgamated. 

The officers of the company, in addition to Mr. Stetson, are as follows : 
William F. Fray, Vice-President, who has long been associated with the estab- 
lishment; Theodore C. Search, a member of the firm of Erben, Search & Co., 
extensive worsted yarn manufacturers, Treasurer ; J. Howell Cummings, Sec- 
retary. The Board of Directors includes Charles H. Banes, President of the 
Market Street N.-xtional Bank, and also a 
member of the firm of Erben, Search & 
Co. ; Samuel R. Shipley, President of the 
Provident Life and Trust Company ; John 
Dickey, President of the Ninth National 
Bank, and a member of the firm of Porter 
& Dickey, extensive manufacturers ; John 

S. Stevens, one of the oldest and best known of Philadelphia's builders, and 

N. B. Day, an old hatter, who has charge of the New York branch of the 

company's business. — Public Ledger. 




FORMING. 



T87 




SIZING 



I 




The first newspaper publislied in the Middle States 
was printed in Philadelphia, December 22, 1719. So 



W^ 




early was its commercial value recognized that the 
second number contained advertisements. 

On December 21, 1784, the first daily news- 
paper in America was also published in this cit\', its 
significant title, The Daily Advertiser, attesting the fact that the 
growing interests of the country demanded dailj' publication. 

From these beginnings the American newspapers have gone on anl on ; to the 
thoughtless, merely growing up with the country, but to the careful observer oftener furnishiag the veryy 
means by which the country has grown. 

Although not j-et generally recognized, it is, nevertheless, a fact that the newspaper has revolu- 
tionized the business-getting methods of the country. The trader of olden times expected bu.siness to 
come unasked ; he believed that fortune would knock once at every man's door. The trader of to-day 
knocks a great many times at her door 'by means of newspaper advertising, and finds going much more 
profitable than waiting. The olden time merchant appealed with manv' articles to a few people, while 
he of to-day often successfully appeals to many scattered people with a few specialties. The news- 
papers and the railroads have made this possible. The fallacy of the idea that no one but patent medi- 
cine dealers could afford to advertise in the newspapers, has been exposed by the wide and growing 
custom of selling the commonest staples of trade in just this way : and the old idea that a man must 
have a specialty before he could do newspaper advertising, has been time and again upset by the practice 
of using newspaper advertising to make a profitable specialty. 

It was an epoch in newspaper history when the firm of X. W. Aj-er & Son was organized in this 
city, twent\--five years ago. It was founded on the belief that in the right use of the newspaper there 
were great and unrealized possibilities for the business man ; and the history of the house, its standing 
to-day, and the extent and amount of its business, furnish a most excellent vindication of the correct- 
ness of that belief, and proof as well of the value of a rightly conducted advertising agency to both 
newspapers and newspaper advertisers. It is the aim of this firm to divest the practice of newspaper 
advertising fr-om the air of exclusiveness and mj'stery. and to demonstrate that as the plain people of 
the country all read the newspapers, the beginning of advertising wisdom is in the right use of the news- 
papers which they read. They have, therefore, systematically sought out those who were dealing in 
articles that people realh- want, and have given them their experience, facilities and services to tell people 
about it in the newspapers. Keeping everlastingly at this has brought success both for their clients and 
themselves. Looking backward they see hundreds of business men who said a few years since, "news- 
paper advertising would do us no good,"' that are to day regularly and profitably using the newspapers ; 
and looking forward, they assert that many others will have to adopt this modern method of telling 
people what they have, and what they are doing, or else see their business go to more enterprising 
and progressive competitors. 

A visit to Aj-er & Son's offices, in the Times BuUding, at Eighth and Chestnut, is a revelation 
to those whose attention has never been specially called to the matter of newspaper advertising. They 
moved into this building in 1876, at the time of its erection, occupying then a part of one floor. 
Constant growth has made more and more space necessary, until to-day the four upper floors, and 
those of an adjoining building also, are crowded by their busy clerks and papers. 

Into the hopper of this great establishrrient is dailj' poured the endless grist of 20.000 bus\- presses, 
for, with scarcely an exception, a copy of every newspaper in the countr\- comes here as published. 



iS& 




One hundred and twenty -five emplo3-es devote their entire time to the planning, 
placing and pushing of newspaper advertising. Some conduct the correspondence 
with clients ; others edit the advertisements, and secure right matter ; others put them 
in tj'pe, or electrotypes, ensuring right and economical display ; others indicate right 
newspapers, time and territon.^ for each specific purpose : others secure right prices; 
and still others assure right and exact service. In the accounting department there 
are. on the average, about 14,000 accounts open, and a part of the force here works 
through each night. 

When to all these trained helpers is added the thorough knowledge, large experience and abundant 
capital, of the firm itself, there is formed a combination which would seem to be of value to any news- 
paper advertiser : and when this is placed at the ser^-ice of a client, and becomes in efiect his advertisino- 
department, a good use of this modern means of obtaining and maintaining business is assured. 

The firm has, and seems to enjoy, the reputation of being different in its methods and motives, 
from others in the same line. Among its peculiarities are that it is a persistent and productive promoter 
of newspaper advertising without regard to consequences. Its competitors criticise this polic}- as beino- 
over broad, but the newspaper publishers of the countrj-- greatly appreciate it. The first effort of Aver 
& Son is to make the business man perceive the reasonableness and value of newspaper advertising- as a 
business method, to discern that it is available and helpful in almost every line of commercial activity,-, 
to understand that he cannot count, measure, weigh, and gauge ever\- advertisement ; to use advertisino-, 
not in the place of other efforts, but to make other efforts effectual. When all this has been attained they 
are quite willing to take their chances of getting the business, belie-^-ing that when he thinks advertising 
worth doing at all, he will take the second step that will insure its being done well. 

Another point of difference is that, although solicited to do so time and again, they have never 
entered the list of ' 'expert" writers on newspaper advertising ; neither do they issue an organ of their own; 
their reply to such suggestions being that while all their experience and knowledge are at the disposal of 
their clients, the close details of success are never published in other lines of business, nor should they 
be in newspaper advertising. As to the value of "expert" deliverances, they appeal to the test of 
practical results , pointing out that manj- of the most voluminous ' ' experts ' ' have not as j'et achieved 
success either for their clients or for themselves. 

Always of great value to the. newspaper advertiser, the good agency is to-daj- more so than ever. 
As competition in this field increases, the necessity for well-arranged plans and well-defined efforts 
increases also. To meet this need of definite knowledge Ayer & Son publish the "American Xewspaper 
Annual." This is a volume of some 1,400 pages, which mentions and describes ever\- paper in the 
country-, gives its circulation, size, age, subscription price, and political or other predilections. It also 
describes the place in which each is published, giving the character of soil, productions, industries, 
means of communication, banks, etc. The work is recognized by both newspaper publishers and 
advertisers as the standard authority and book of reference, and it is to them what the railroad 
guide is to the traveller, or Dun's, and Bradstreet's to the business man. 

Although a Philadelphia institution, the firm of X. W. A\-er & Son is known wherever in this 
country white paper receives the sable kiss of the printing press. They receive all the prominent news- 
papers regularly, and keep them on file, and are always glad to be of service to anj- residents of the 
city, or visitors therein, who ma}- wish to see any particular paper. Their latch string is always out to 
newspaper publishers and newspaper advertisers, and we cannot see how an}' one of either class could fail 
to be interested in them and the methods which ha^•e made them the largest house in the world in their 
line. Their motto is known from one end of the land to the other. After twent}--five years' trial of it, 
they say it is like the girdle of Thor, the old Xorse god, the tighter you buckle it about you the 
stronger you become ; it applies with force to many things, but to nothing with more 
force than to newspaper advertising. It is " Keeping Everlastingly at it Brings Success. " 





Powers & Wei^htman, 

Manufacturing Chemists. 



New York Office 
56 maiden lane 



By way of satisfying that inquiring interest which is sure to be aroused within the mind 
of the critical investigator of chemical proclivities who visits the World's Fair with nicely 
adjusted balances of comparison, attention is directed to the exhibit of Powers ScWeightman, 
Manufacturing Chemists, of Philadelphia, situated in the Drug Section, in the northeast 
corner of Manufactures Building. The exhibit has been installed in a finely carved wall 
case of mahogany, about 15 feet high, and its comprehensiveness is indicated by the 78 large 
glass jars shown therein, containing, with the exception of a few specimens of crude 
products, as many samples of tlie firm's chemical manufactures. These exceptions have a 
value for the student who is interested in the genesis of man}' of our familiar combinations, 
and the display of one of the firm's specialties — that of the cinchona products — is quite 
striking in effect, as is shown by an exhibition of the barks, crude and powdered, and the 
following combinations of their alkaloids : Cinchonine sulphate, quinidine sulphate, 
cinchonidine sulphate and salicylate, quinine pure and quinine sulphate, bisulphate, 
salicylate, ferrocyanide, bromide, valerianate, muriate, phosphate, tannate, and quinine with 
citrate of iron. The same effect is noted in the displaj' of opium, some very large crystals 
of morphine sulphate being especially worthy of mention, as are also the crystals of citric 
acid and fine specimens of gallic, tannic and chromic acids. 

The history of this firm is the history of the growth of chemical manufacture in 
America. Commencing in a small way in the year iSiS, the firm of Farr & Kunzi was 
continued until 1836, when Mr. Kunzi retired and Mr. John Farr associated with him Thomas H. Powers, and 
his own nephew, William Weightman, under the firm-name of Farr, Powers & Weightman. After the decease of 
Mr. Farr, in 1847, the firm became Powers & Weightman, and it so remains to-day, Mr. William Weightman being 
the senior of the firm. Its great business has been reared by legitimate enterprise and its reputation made solely by 
the excellence of its products and a business code embodying the strictest integrity. 

In the number and excellence of the different chemicals prepared at its works at Ninth and Parrish Streets, and 
the other great establishment at Falls of Schuylkill, it equals any similar concern in America, and is not surpassed by any 
in the world. They comprise the Alkaloids of Cinchona Ba7-ks : as quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and their salts; 
Morphine and Codeine, and their salts; Mercurial Preparations, including calomel, corrosive sublimate, red precipitate, 
white precipitate ; Strychnine, and all salts of strychnine, including sulphate ; Acids, such as muriatic, nitric, sulphuric, 
citric, taitaric ; Alum, Epsom Salt, Blue I'itriol, Copperas; preparations of Bromine, as bromide potassium, bromide 
ammonium, bromide sodium ; preparations of Iodine, as iodoform, iodide potassium, iodide ammonium, iodide sodium ; 
preparations of Bismuth, as subuitrate, subcarbonate, oxychloride ; Ethers, as sulphuric, chloric, acetic, butyric ; Silver ' 
Nitrate, CryJals; and, as our readers probably know, a very comprehensive assortment of chemicals, medicinal and 
for the arts and manufactures. 

Mr. Farr was among the first to manufacture sulphate of quinine in the United States, and it is a curious fact 
that he was devoting his attention to the bark alkaloids and pursuing his investigations about the time that the discovery 
of quinine, by Pelletier, in France, was announced to the world. In 1S74 the manufacture of citric acid was commenced 
by this firm, and in 1S75 the Elliott Cresson gold medal was awarded them by the Franklin Institute "for the introduc- 
tion of an industry new in tha United States and perfection of result in the product obtained in the manufacture of 
citric acid " The same medal (which is but rarely conferred) was also awarded them "for the ingenuity and skill 
shown in the manufacture and for the perfection of workmanship displayed in the production of the cheaper alkaloids 
of cinchona barks." It was entirely due to the efforts of this house that sulphate of cinchonidine became so favorably 
known and so largely employed as an efficient substitute for quinine at a time when the high price of the latter largely 
restricted its use. 

In April, 1S65, an office was established in New York, the present location of which is No. 56 Maiden Lane. At 
the Falls of Schuylkill the firm owns about seventy acres, ten or twelve of which are occupied by the laboratory 
buildings. The measurement of the city laboratory is about 190x360 feet. The latter has in prosimitj' three store- 
houses, the largest one measuring about no feet square. The aggregate of employes is about six hundred, of whom 
one hundred and twenty-five are females. Gathered around this great establishment, in all its departments, are capable 
men (many of whom entered as youths, and some have grown gray in tlie service) who have been trained in an atmos- 
phere of correct business principles and are devoted to its interests. The firm has been just and true in its dealings with 
all, not because it was politic, but because it was right ; its personal benefactions have never been dimmed by the shadow 
of a commercial spirit, and its relations with the entire drug trade of the country have always been marked by mutual 
kindness and good-will. "> 

The exhibit made at the Columbian Exposition is not entered for competition, but is simply a transfer from its 
store-rooms of some of the leading productions of the house, without any special selection, and just as they are being 
shipped daily. No effort has been made at elaboration or display, but purity and excellence is the standard upon which 
their claims to merit are based. — From the World's Fair Letter to the Pharmaceutical Era, August i^, iSgs- 

190 



Founded A. D. 1818, 




PRINCIPAL OFFICE AND LABORATORY NINTH AND PARRISH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA. 



iiixtitsatmefteiuk- 




y^X^if f^^y^^. 



|AST FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL, PHILADELPHIA. 

Powers & WeiQ HTM AN, Manufacturing Chemists. 
Philadelphia. new York. 




George V. Cresson Co. 



Power Transmitting Machinery. 



The large plant of whicli the accompanying illustration affords a true impression, is located at Eighteenth Street and 
Allegheny Avenue, the space covered being six acres. The business was founded by Mr. George V. Cresson in 1S59, ^'^^ 
he still continues at the head of its affairs. The original works were located at Twelfth and Buttonwood Streets, from 
which the industry was removed in 1866 to Eighteenth and Hamilton Streets, and, twelve years later this site being found 
inadequate for the requirements of a greatly increased business, the present shops were built. 

The buildings comprise machine shop No. i, 500 x 50 ft., with basement 250 x 50 ft. ; machine shop No. 2, 244 x 108 
ft. ", foundry No. 1, 200x55 ft-, with carpenter shop, pattern shop and pattern storage house at the end, 100x55 ft- I 
foundry No. 2, for light work, 100 x 65 ft. ; foundry No. 3, 34 x 65 ft., for brass, phosphor bronze and steel castings ; foundry 
storage house with a capacity for 1000 tons molding sand, 200 tons coke, 300 tons coal, 1500 tons pig iron ; engine room, 
36 X 28 ft. ; boiler room, 36 x 30 ft. ; cupola house, 34 x 25 ft. ; storeroom, loS x 21 ft. 

The output comprises Power Transmitting Machinery of every description. This Company being the first in 
this country to make a specialty of shafting work exclusively, and in 1870 introduced the system of vertical shafting 
for transmitting power in high buildings, and they now have their system in use in the largest buildings in this country. 

Among the patented specialties manufactured are the Internal Clamp Couplings for Shafting, Adjustable Loose 
Pulley Arrangements, Improved Parting Hangers, Mule and Guide Puller's, etc. 

Machine shop No. i, is equipped with the most improved machine tools, gear cutters for cutting either spur or 
bevel gearing, etc. The basement is used for storing iinished shafting, hangers, pulleys, etc., of which a large stock is 
kept on hand for immediate delivery. Machine shop No. 2, is fitted up with lathes, boring mills, etc. , for heavy work, 
with an electric crane of twenty ton capacity. One of the most important branches of the Company's business is the 
manufacture of Rope Wheels for transmitting power with manilla, hemp, cotton or leather ropes, and they are prepared 
to make them of all diameters, and for any number and diameter of ropes. They contract for designing and erecting 
complete power plants, and have designed and equipped many of the largest electric lighting stations in this country. 
Their facilities for making Machine Molded Gearing are unsurpassed, and they are prepared to furnish all classes of light 
or heavy gearing of most modern designs and accuracy of pitch, at the shortest notice. They are also prepared to 
contract for building special machinery for any kind of work, and the location of the works enables them to secure the 
best freight rates to all points. 

The present officers of the company are : George V. Cresson, President and Treasurer ; Antonio C. Pessano, Vice- 
President and General Manager ; Morris W. Rudderow, Secretary and Business Manager and E. Oscar Haeuptner, 
Assistant Treasurer. 

2:192 



Abram Cox Stove Company. 




Penn Stove Works. 



In all probability there are few branches of mechanical industry engaged in the 
production of household appliances which has made such rapid progress, in points 
of comparative merit, or magnitude of sales, as has been developed in the last fifty 
years in the line of apparatus for cooking and heating. Figured upon a wholesale 
basis the annual sale of stoves, furnaces and ranges reaches the enormous aggregate 
of fifty millions of dollars. Conspicuous among those engaged in this line of 
manufacture is the Abram Cox Stove Co., proprietors of the Penn Stove Works, whose exten- 
sive plant is depicted upon this page. Here are made the famous line of stoves, furnaces and 
ranges, which, under the general trade mark name " Novelty " have taken their position in the front rank 
of popular favor in every state in the Union. Equipped with its own system of electric lighting, a 
most complete arrangement for flooding the building in case of fire, machinery of the most approved 
type, in fact, every convenience which experience could suggest, together with spacious and well 
appointed ofiices and showrooms, is it any wonder that these splendid works should rank as a 
model stove foundry, notable among the great industries of the city, and a monument to the skill, 
energy, rectitude and thorough methods of its founders and owners ? These works were founded 
by Abram and Joseph Cox, who were in turn succeeded by Cox, Hager & Cox ; Cox, Whiteman 
& Cox, and, after the demise of his partners, by Abram Cox, founder of this great corporation. 

Starting in 1847 with a pay-roll of less than a dozen names its force of workmen now numbers 
upwards of four hundred, with wages aggregating a quarter million dollars annually. The buildings of the 
Penn Stove Works occupy an entire block, the main building, five floors in height, extending along 
American Street for a twelfth of a mile, with ample railroad siding, with older buildings of about equal 
height upon Dauphin Street. Filling the floors of the great warerooms is carried a stock of stoves, ranges 
and hot-air furnaces, exceeding in extent and variety that of any concern in the trade. A notable fact 
in connection with the business is found in the statement that during the past six years the average 
number of days during which the works have been in operation has been nearly 290 per annum. In 
view of the frequent necessity for suspension of work for repairs and changes, this is an exceptional 
record in the stove making industry. The ofiicers of the Abram Cox Stove Co. are Abram C. Mott, 
President, and W. H. Pfahler, Treasurer. 




PENN STOVE IVORKS, AMERICAN AND DAUPHIN STREETS. PHILADELPHIA. 











- m 

' ' ' v,M H R'sHllfiifll 



^c^m.\.. 



-^iiliiP' 



McNeely & Co. 
Glazed Kid Manufacturers, 



PHILADELPHIA. 




■^CT^ PE MAR K 



The largest manufactory of Glazed Kid in the world is that of McNeely & Co., 
and located in the nineteenth ward, with an annex in the sixteenth ward, in 
addition to two warehouses containing upwards of 100,000 square feet of floor 
space. The group of buildings composing this plant is above Columbia Avenue 
and bisected by Randolph Street. 
The product of the establishment is exclusively Black Glazed Kid for ladies', misses' and 
children's shoes. 

The home cflEice is at the southwest corner of Fourth and Arch Streets ; sales offices being also 
maintained in Boston, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco. 
The McNeely & Co. Glazed Kid is the most durable in the market. 

This firm was the first in America to successfully compete with the makers of the imported 
French kid, and they gave to manufacturers of ladies' shoes an article at a considerably lower price 
than that of the foreign goods, and superior to them in wearing qualities, as well as entirely free from 
the cracking of grain and loss of color characteristic of so much of the imported glazed kid. 

The fact that more shoes have been made from McNeely & Co. Kid than of any other brand 
manufactured in America, is beyond contradiction. The uniformity of its finish and its unequalled 
durability, have given to the shoe manufacturers of the country, who have adopted it, the most satis- 
factory results and gained for the firm an enviable reputation throughout the whole trade. Were any 
successful shoe manufacturing house, doing business upon a large scale, pointed out, it would almost 
certainly be found that their shoes were made from McNeely & Co.'s Glazed Kid. 

The leading specialty of this concern is a kid designed for a medium-priced shoe, with the wear- 
ing qualities and appearance of the most expensive footwear of the kind sold in the American stores. 



194 



The Ladies' Home Journal. 



The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia. 



With its issue of November, 1893, this magazine 
celebrated the close of the tenth year of its eventful 
history, during which period it has developed from 
a modest sheet of eight pages, barely able to 
weather the wreck-strewn coast-line of contem- 
porary literary venture into a giant in stature with a 
capacity for good, both to the public and its owners, 
far beyond the brightest anticipations of the busy, 
clear headed man who founded it and still controls 
its destinies. Its anniversary issue of that month 
records the interesting fact that its circulation is 
now larger than that of any publication in the 
world, being about 715,000 copies per month. 

This great army of devoted readers has been 
secured by wide advertising, and held by furnishing 
them far more and better literary wares for one 
dollar per year than has ever been attempted by 
other publishers. , 

The Ladies' Home Journal, itself so popular 
and valuable as an advertising medium, that it 
actually selects its advertisers, has been exploited in 
the pages of other magazines and journals at a cost 
of f 1000 per day for a whole year. It has enrolled 
upon its list of regular contributors and artists the 
best talent of this and other lands, hesitating at no 
expense which would gain for its constituency the 
readers of a continent, the mental product of great 
and original minds. The annual expenditure for 
literary matter alone is now in excess of $100,000. 
The unexampled success of this notable 
Philadelphia enterprise has enabled its owners to 
build and occupy an ideal publishing office, which 
fronts upon Arch Street, between Fourth and Fifth, 
and is opposite the burial place of that early 
publisher of the Quaker City, Benjamin Franklin. 
In 1892, Mr. Cyrus H. K. Curtis, who had 
been until that time sole owner, converted the 
property into a corporation under its present title, 
capitalized at fooo,ooo, retaining a controlling 
interest, and enabling many of the editors and heads of departments to become participants in the revenues of the business. 
The new home of the Curtis Publishing Co. includes not only its splendid and convenient building upon Arch 
Street, but an adequate printing, binding and mailing plant upon Appletree Street, directly in the rear. The facade of 
the new building is one of the most notable additions to the city's architectural attractions in recent years. Its several 
floors are filled with business and editorial offices, and peopled with bright men and women, each affording in the 
elaborate subdivision of labor some contribution toward the harmonious results of which The Ladies Home Journal is in 
monthly evidence. 

The salary account exceeds annuallj' |2oo,ooo paid to about 400 employes, two-thirds being.women. $250,000 is 
expended in a year for white paper. Twenty-four editors are regularly employed in editorial and art departments. 
The editors examine 15,000 manuscripts annually. The subscription lists include readers in fifty-eight countries, and 
the monthly issues pass through 38,000 post offices at home and abroad. 2,500 agents are employed throughout the 
world in the company's service. One of the publisher's most " happy thoughts," in the effort to extend circulation was 
the offer of free education to young women at Vassar, Wellesley, Smith or any girl's college in the world, to which, later on, 
musical, art and elocutionary and other scholarships were added, under which, up to date, some 200 young ladies have gained 
educations not otherwise attainable. Thus it will be seen that the scale of usefulness to humanity, is in exact ratio with a 
great magazine, to its degree of prosperity when in the hands of sagacious and painstaking owners. Mr. Edward W. Bok is 
editor, with a large staff of associates. Branch offices are established in New York, Chicago and San Francisco. 




195 



Philadelphia as a Manufacturing Centre 

for Instruments of Precision. 




Skilled Workers in a Special Field. 



From the beginning Philadelpliia has been pre-eminent in the arts of peace and the advance- 
ment of the humanities. Foremost in medical science, her citizens renowned in the fields of 
useful research, the chosen home of philosophy in a new land, it seems natural that this city 
should become and remain the centre of skilled work in the manufacture in America of 
scientific instruments of precision. 

The impetus which has led to this undisputed supremacy in a particular branch of 
industry began with the making, by Rittenhouse, of the first astronomical instruments com- 
pleted in this country, and the skill of Franklin in the production of electrical devices. Here also was 
made the first engineers' transit, and in our suburb of Germantown the first Quadrant. While to the 
influence of the ancient Philosophical Society, the pioneer of manj^ younger associations, reinforced later 
by that foster-mother of invention, the Franklin Institute, belongs much of the credit for our fame in 
this respect. 

There are four concerns in Philadelphia engaged in the manufacture and sale of scientific 
instruments, a term now covering a wide variety of beautiful mechanisms perfected for a great 
number of uses. The principal house in this trade is that of Queen & Co., incorporated, at loio 
Chestnut Street. It has been in existence since 1853, was incorporated in 1893 with a capital of 
$600,000, and is the largest establishment of its kind in the world. 

The building at lOio Chestnut Street is devoted largely to the display, sale and shipping of 
goods and the offices of the company ; but a large workshop is also maintained here for the grinding 
and mounting of glasses for the correction of vision. The principal workshops are on Filbert Street 
near Eighth, including the foundry, wood-working and instrument making departments. Many of 
the wonderfully delicate and accurate machines used in the work have been made here by those 
who use them. One of the largest customers of Queen & Co., is the United States Government, 
for which they make the thermometers, barometers and recording instruments used by the weather 
bureau. Many of these are also sold to the various State weather bureaus. The}^ also supply all 
the instruments for registering the velocity of projectiles, deep sea sounding apparatus, and the 
numerous appliances required in the several scientific branches of the government service. The 
instruments of the Peary Arctic expedition were made here, as well as those of other exploring enter- 
prises. Range finders are made for riflemen, safety lamps and anemometers for miners. Electrical test 
instruments, equatorial telescopes, transits for engineers, microscopes, standard measuring rules, and an 
infinite variety of devices to fill special orders 
are always under way in the busy shops. A 
novelty is the electrical pyrometer which 
registers heat up to 3000 degrees. 

Colleges, medical schools and academies are 
equipped by Queen & Co. with experimental apparatus 
in great variety, both in metal and glass, much of the 
latter being extremely fragile in construction. 

It should be a source of genuine pride among 
citizens that in the creation of the mechanical intermediaries by 
which the wilderness is subdued, the treasures of the earth wrested 
from its depths, the seas traversed, the universe revealed, human 
suffering alleviated, and all learning promoted, our city has no 
superior in the world. 

196 




The Grocers' and Importers' Exchange 
of Philadelphia. jgg — 



By Francis B. Reeves. 




The Grocers' and Importers' Exchange, with a present member- 
ship of about 150 leading firms engaged in the wholesale grocery 
business and allied branches of trade, and a nimiber of manu- 
facturers of grocers' supplies and merchandise brokers, was 
organized April 6, 1872, with about fiftj' m^embers. Before that 
time frequent attempts had been made to secure the united 
action of the wholesale grocers for the regulation of credit and 
discount terms, and for the correction of growing abuses in such , ^ 

minor matters as the want of uniformity in charges for packages, ^JS^^'ff 

cartages, etc., but always without decisive or lasting results. ' ' " ~^» '■;; 

Out of these apparently fruitless efforts to bring about reforms FJ .•;■;,. 

that were generall}' conceded to be essential to the health- 
fulness of trade and to greater satisfaction in the transaction 
of business, grew the "Wholesale Grocers' Association," bj' 
which name the organization was known until 1879, a year marked 
by a considerable accession to the roll of membership, by new features 

in the active work of the body, by the introduction of a telephone, and by the change of name to the 
Grocers' and Importers' Exchange. 

Its first President was Edward C. Knight, grocer, merchant, sugar refiner, and citizen, whose 
name, during his long life in Philadelphia, was ever a synonym for honor, integrity, energy, and public 
spirit. Those who have been subsequently honored by election to the presidency, in the order of their 
succession, are Thomas L. Gillespie, S. L. Kirk, John H. Catherwood, Francis B. Reeves, William M. 
Sinclair, James Graham, Solomon Smucker, Jr., Marvin E. Clark, James S. Martin, John E- Hough, 
Henry A. Fry, Alexander Harding, B. W. Andrews, Benjamin Reiff, W. J. McCahan, W. W. Frazier, 
V. L. Cavanna, Frank Halpen, Geo. B, Kester, HenryA. Fry(second term), B. W. Andrews (second term) , 
and Edwin Halpen. As set forth in its constitution, the main objects of the Exchange are : "To secure 
unity of action ; to promote a more friendly intercourse among its members ; to diffuse reliable com- 
mercial intelligence ; to reform abuses, and generallj' to advance the interests of trade in the City of 
Philadelphia." In the furtherance of all these objects a very marked success has been achieved. It has 
been demonstrated that through the promotion of friendly intercourse, and the free exchange of views and 
of important business information, those members who have availed themselves of the facilities afforded 
by the Exchange have derived a great deal of pleasure from its social features and no little profit from 
the practical business helps provided for members. The Exchange has for years successfully conducted 
a credit bureau, a medium for recording and dispensing information concerning the character and busi- 
ness standing of applicants for credit. Its roll of several thousands contains the names of a good many 
chronic, dilatory and delinquent debtors who, but for this bureau of information, might have caused 
many a worthy member to walk the floor man}^ a night. The Grocers' and Importers' Exchange, imbued 
with that public spirit and true patriotism which has always been a pre-eminent characteristic of the City 
of Philadelphia, is always ready for action in behalf of every wise public measixre for the good of the 
greatest number. It has alwa3'S stood boldly in defence of the right, on the side of progress and good 
legislation, and in opposition to political jobbery and corporate greed that are always seeking great 
private emolument at public expense. In such work as this the Grocers' Exchange has always been 
allied with its fellow guilds, the Trades League, Board of Trade, Manufacturers' Club, Commercial 
Exchange, Maritime Exchange, Produce Exchange, Drug Exchange, and Lumbermen's Exchange. 

197 



All of these organizations, together with many of the workingmen's associations of this city, unitedly 
demanded that city councils should pass the uecessar}' ordinance permitting the building of the Phila- 
delphia Belt lyine Railroad, by means of which the city's water front should be accessible to all railroads 
on equal terms without discrimination. They also demanded the admission to Philadelphia of the 
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the granting to the Reading Terminal Company the right to erect their 
magnificent station at Twelfth and Market Streets. The Grocers' and Importers' Exchange has always 
been foremost in works of public charity, a notable example being its large contributions to the Johns- 
town Relief Fund, the Russian Famine Fund, and, very recently, the Citizens' Permanent Relief Com- 
mittee's Fund for the assistance of the unemployed workmen of Philadelphia. 

The amount of capital represented by the members of the Grocers' and importers' Exchange, 
including only those that are engaged in business, either as dealers in or manufacturers of goods, wares 
and merchandise sold by the wholesale grocery trade, is not less than $46,000,000. Of this amount the 
sugar refining companies stand for probably $25,000,000. This is invested in plant and actual working 
capital of the Franklin, the Spreckels, the E. C. Knight, and the W. J. McCahan companies' refineries. 
The aggregate sales of merchandise made annually by the firms and corporations represented in the 
membership of the Exchange is estimated conservatively at $125,000,000. For honorable dealing, and 
the prompt meeting of engagements, the wholesale grocers of Philadelphia have always maintained an 
unsullied reputation. Failures among them are of the rarest occurrence, and this is their record from 
the writer's personal observation, covering a period of thirty-five years. 



The Philadelphia Oil Trade Association. 



By a. J. Loos, Secretary. 



This organization is similar in its character and purposes to those existing in other cities in which the 
business of wholesale oil traffic is active. It is of recent formation and at present holds its sessions at 
offices of members or at the Manufacturers' Club. The membership numbers fifty-two persons. Three 
general meetings are held annually, and sessions of the Executive Committee, open to all members, 
occur monthly, at which discussions upon matters of general interest to the trade take place, particular 
attention being given to lubricants and oils for textile use. The vast manufacturing interests of the 
country have created a constantly growing demand for efficient and economical lubricating oils, by the 
use of which friction is reduced to the lowest possible point, thus effecting large economies in power. 

The officers of the Association for the present year are : Lewis J. Eevick, President; Wm. N. 
Marcus, \'icc-Prcsidcnt ; Samuel C. Lambert, Treasurer ; A. J. Loos, Secretary ; John Gill, Jr., Charles 
A. Wilson, John Cunningham, W. H. Brill, Rowland D. Allen and Charles W. Lyon, Directors. 








DiDii^n 

OUR TRADE MARK 

UIIIIUU 



^^' 



This house conducts both 

a jobbing and a retail trade. The 

general title of the business being that of ' ' Importing 

Grocers." The retail department at the northeast corner 

^ of Tenth and Market Streets enjoys a large home trade among 

families. The offices of the firm are located here. The warehouses 

in which are kept the sample lots of the wide variety of canned goods 

carried in stock are located at 926 Filbert and 925 Hunter Streets, these 

alone filling the several floors of the buildings with what would , not long 

since, have been regarded as a most extravagant supply. The principal 

stock is carried in other warehouses convenient to shipping terminals, from 

which the goods are sent direct to the customer. 

The leading specialties of the firm include every variety of fruit and vegetable 
which can be successfully preserved, packed in gallon cans. These include 
tomatoes, pears, peaches, squash, pumpkins, quinces, cherries, strawberries, 
plums, apples, gooseberries, rhubarb, blueberries, string beans, blackberries, 
raspberries, pineapples and apricots, a fine selection is also carried of French 
peas, mushrooms, (champignons), string beans, (Haricots verts), lima beans, 
(Haricot flageolets) and mixed vegetables, (macedoines). 

Thomas Martindale & Co. are pioneers in Philadelphia in the intro- 
duction of native wines, at popular prices. These goods, as well as choice 
brandies, are sold by them either by bottle, case or barrel. 

The art of saving the surplus of the fruits of the soil and thereby equalizing 
the demand and extending the formerl}^ brief seasons in which the luscious 
native garden products were obtainable to the circle of the entire year has been 
developed within the past two decades. The housewife of this period who spreads 
her table with choice and varied sauces, preserves and fruits may place under 
contribution, at small cost, the entire world, and for this she is indebted to the 
modern grocer. 

In the story of this evolution in the methods and scope of the grocery 
trade as now conducted in the United States, Philadelphia has an honorable 
part, and among the notable concerns in this business now conducted .in the 
Quaker City, one of the foremost in this particular line is undoubtedly that of 
Thomas Martindale & Co. 



199 




The W. J. McCahan Go's Sugar Refinery. 



A Qreat Philadelphia Plant. 



Although the group is still incomplete, the lofty buildings of the plant already erected and in use by 
the W. J. McCahan Sugar Refining Company, at the foot of Tasker street, Philadelphia, form a leading 
feature in the scene along the river front in the lower portion of the city. 

At this point the company has about seven acres of ground, with ample water frontage, where 
two wharves are available for the simultaneous discharge of a number of cargoes. Both the Pennsyl- 
vania and Baltimore and Ohio Railroads have terminals here, cars being loaded immediately at the doors 
of the barreling rooms. The present buildings are the melter hous^, char or filter house, warehouse, 
pan house, tank house, boiler house, and extensive sheds. About quarter mile distant, upon Otsego 
street, is the molasses boiling department, which is in operation about five months in the year, com- 
mencing about March ist. Molasses is now imported in bulk by means of tank steamers, and pumped 
directly from the holds to the great receptacles in the tank house, six in number, from which it is 
afteri\'ards piped to the boiling department, the capacity of which is 400 hogsheads per diem. The 
McCahan Company uses about 6,000,000 gallons of molasses annually, and is chiefly obtained from 
Cuba. The capacity of the refinery is 1,500 barrels daily. The raw sugar comes to the wharves from 
all sources of supply, that from Java, a cargo of which was in the sheds at the time of the writer's visit, 
being packed in baskets. 

The W. J. McCahan Company's refinery is operated independently of the combination controlling 
nearly all of the similar works in the United States. It is equipped throughout with all of the most 
approved appliances for the thorough and economical refining of the raw material into the various 
grades demanded by the American trade. Many years of experience in a business peculiarly subject to 
changes of condition, due to both legislation and the discovery of new methods, give the management 
of this enterprising corporation every advantage in reaping whatever margin of profit the existing 
quotations of the market afford. 

The oSicers of the company are : W. J. McCahan, President ; R. S. Pomeroy, Treasurer ; W. J. 
McCahan, Jr., Secretary ; James M. JNIcCahau, Manager. The ofiice is at 147 South Front street. 



R. 



eeves, t^arvin 



& Co. 




Importers and Wholesale Qrocers. 



The firm of Reeves, Parvin & Co., importers and wholesale grocers, 
is widel}' known as one of the strongest and most active, as 
it is now one of the oldest, of Philadelphia's mercantile 
houses. 

Besides their importing business and their extensive 

wholesale trade in teas, sugars, spices, canned goods, dried 

fruits, and the thousand and one other items embraced in 

the catalogues of their customers in city and country, they 

have established a market in Europe for their celebrated 

QuiNTON Tomatoes and other proprietary brands of canned 

fruits and vegetables. The establishing of this branch of 

their business in England dates back nearly thirty years. The 

/ packing of these goods is carried on in New Jersey, of which State 

two members of the firm are natives. 

With ample capital and thorough organization in every department 
their business, Reeves, Parvin & Co. have found it comparatively easy 
retain their position in the forward rank of Philadelphia wholesale 
grocers. The firm was founded in 1S28, the original articles of copartnership, 
. bearing date Wednesday, March 12th, of that year, being still in their 
possession. These articles bear the signatures of Gideon Scull and Newcomb 
B. Thompson, and the style of the firm thus formed was Scull & Thompson. 
Subsequently, by the retirement of the senior member, the firm became N. B. 
Thompson & Co. Of this firm Mr. Francis B. Reeves became a member February 
I, 1859. This copartnership having terminated by the death of Mr. Thompson 
le same year, Mr. Reeves associated himself with others, and the style of the 
rm has been consecutively, Vanderveer, Archer & Co., Archer & Reeves, 
ves & Parvin, and — as at present — Reeves, Parvin & Co. Mr. William Parvin 
ired an interest in the firm in 1 865 , and remained in the partnership until it was 
terminated by his decease, in 1889. The firm now consists of Francis B. Reeves, 
Walter M. Patton, a member since 1869, and Thomas Firth Jones, who was admitted in 1873. Mr. 
Jones is a director in the Market Street National Bank. The firm is a member of the Trades I^eague, 
the Board of Trade, the Maritime Exchange, and the Grocers' and Importers' Exchange. 

This firm, especially as regards its senior member, Mr. Francis B. Reeves, has always been 
found at the firont in all matters for the public advancement. Mr. Reeves was one of Philadelphia's 
almoners sent to Russia in 1892, with the cargo of flour carried by the steamship Conemaugh for the 
sufi"ering peasantry. He was appointed by Governor Beaver as a member of the commission for the 
relief of the Johnstown flood sufferers in 1889. He is a member of the Citizens' Permanent Relief 
Committee, the Board of Managers of the Merchants' Fund, the Mercantile Beneficial Association, and 
other charities. 

Mr. Reeves is Vice-President of the Philadelphia Bourse, President of the Philadelphia Belt Line 
Railway, and a Director in the Girard National Bank, the Philadelphia Mortgage and Trust Companj', 
the Savings Fund Society of German town, and the Delaware Insurance Co. 



Philip J. Ritter Conserve Company, 




lOCl 



PHILADELPHIA. 




! 






r^/* 



'I 



Columbian World's Fair Prize Exhibit. 
P. J. Ritter Conserve Co. 



Within the memory of the present 

generation, preserved fruits, which 

are now an essential part in their 

varied and agreeable forms of all 

American dinner and tea tables, were 

w ithin the reach of the wealthy only, 

and were prepared in limited quantities 

as a feature of the confectionery trade. 

Far better goods, in wider variet3' and more 

attractive stjde of packing, are now supplied to 

the world, than the old-time preserves sold at 60 

cents per pound, for one-third of that sum. 

The Philip J . Ritter Conserve Company (now 
incorporated), originated in the foresight of the 
gentleman whose name it bears and who continues 
at its head, and who determined in 1854 to abandon 
his business as a confectioner and devote himself 
to this specialty. The present factory, at 2154, 
2156 and 2158 Dauphin Street, was built in 1874, 
and has been increased in dimensions frequently 
since that time. The work of the plant employs 
the services of about 150 persons throughout the 
year, and in the fruit season 300 are often busy 
here. The best fruits obtainable are used, coming 
from California, Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey. Pineapples are imported from the Bahamas. 
The product comprises preserved fruits, jams, jellies, fruit butters, fruit syrups, tomato catsup and 
salad dressing, and are made in three grades, to suit the demands of the market ; the brands being 
"XX " for the best quality, " Standard " and " Favorite." These are shipped in bottles, jars, kegs, 

barrels, half and quarter barrels and wood and tin pails to all 
parts of the United States. Branch offices are maintained in 
New York, Chicago and Cincinnati. The goods of the com- 
pany have been shown at many great expositions, uniformly 
winning the highest awards. The most notable display, illus- 
trated upon this page, having been 
at the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, where the first premium was 
again secured. 

The company acts as agent 
for the Ohio Maple Syrup Company, 
whose product is undoubtedly the 
purest and finest in the market, 
being made direct from the sap. 

The officers of the company 
are: Philip J. Ritter, Presideiit ; 
Christian Ritter, Vice-President; 
F. J. Dillman, Treasurer : and F. 
William Hofmann, Secretary. 





Dauphin Street Front, Offices and Factory. 



General View of 
P. J. Ritter Conserve Co's Factory 




Joseph Campbell Preserve Co. 
Camden, N. J. 



It is hardly a generation since the preservation of surplus fruitage and vegetable 
products, available for the table, at any season of the year, became, through improved 
methods, an established field for large business enterprise. Among the pioneers in the 
"canning" industry, as it was then called, was the firm of Anderson & Campbell, 
located in Camden, and dating from 1873, and from which was developed the present 
extensive concern, incorporated as the Joseph Campbell Preserve Co., of which the 
junior member of the original firm is still the active head. The buildings, as illus- 
trated, indicate a capacity for large operations, but only a tour of the many structures and floors will 
give a visitor an adequate idea of the varied and ingenious machinery in use, and the care, neatness 
and economy which attends the preparation of the numerous appetizing specialties which have made 
the name of ' ' Campbell ' ' famous everywhere. 

These products include mince meats, preserves, jams, jellies, fruit butters, vegetables, table 
sauces, ketchups, etc. They are packed in wooden pails and kanakins, glass, pottery ware and tin, 
embellished with appropriate labels, and find a market through the wholesale trade all over the United 
States, beside which a considerable portion of the output is exported to Mexico, South America and 
England. 

Campbell's Beefsteak Tomato Ketchup is packed in barrels, half-barrels, kegs, jugs, decanters 
and bottles, as required, and is the only ketchup awarded a diploma at the Pure Food Exhibition, 
Philadelphia, 1889. Another popular innovation is stewed and strained tomatoes, for soups and meat 
sauces. 

The location of the establishment, within easy reach from the rich fruit regions of New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania and Delaware, ensures, at all times, a high grade of goods at favorable prices. 




■1^81383 







203 



Whitman's Chocolates ^ Confectionery. 




Among Philadelphia's long list of successful special 
industries none have developed more remarkably 
than the preparation of the cocoa bean, not only 
for table purposes, but into the thousand and one 
delicious forms invented by the art of the confec- 
tioner for the delight of the human palate. Cocoa, 
once the luxury of the wealthy and exclusive, 
has become an article of food for the people, sup- 
planting coffee and tea upon thousands of tables, 
and, in some form, found in nearly every household. 
The name of Whitman has been identified for half 
a century with this favorite product of the tropics, 
and still leads in Philadelphia in this branch of trade. 
Founded in 1842 by Mr. Stephen F. Whitman 
(deceased), the extensive business is now conducted 
by his son, Mr. Horace F. Whitman. The factory 
is at 606 Cherry Street, equipped with every approved 
appliance for producing cocoa and chocolate goods, 
the finest kinds of candies, and employs a force of 
upwards of 350 hands. The Whitman retail store, 
at 13 1 6 Chestnut Street, is unequalled in its elaborate 
fittings and attractiveness by any other confectionery 
house in the Quaker City. Super extra chocolates, 
caramels, bon-bons, marshmallows, wintergreen. 
peppermints, chips, molasses candy", and every 
dainty creation known in the business are upon the 
trays, in the jars and dainty boxes displayed here. 
The output of the Whitman factory is sold both at wholesale and retail, the trade of the house 
extending all over the United States, contributing materially to the good fame of Philadelphia as the 
greatest centre in America for the production of high class goods of every sort. 




WHITM.AN'S RETAIL STORK, r3i6 CHESTNUT STREET. 



Knickerbocker Ice Company. 

Knickerbocker ice has been a Philadelphia staple ever since the formation oi 
this company over half a century ago. At the present time the invested capital 
of this great company is more than $2,000,000. The work of harvesting the ice 
supply, its storage, shipment and distribution gives employment to several 
thousands of men. 

The supply furnished to the public by the Knickerbocker Ice Company 
comes from the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers, Maine, and the mountain lakes 
of Pennsj'lvania, New Jersey and Maine — ice houses being located in groups at 
thirt3'-five points in these regions. The storage capacity of the various ice houses 
of the company is 1,000,000 tons, or fully 1000 vessel loads per annum. Over 
fi^•e hundred wagons and twelve hundred horses and mules are required iu 
the distribution in Philadelphia. 

The problem of handling this bulky and heavy commodity with speed and 
economy has led to the invention and adaptation of a large number of special 
appliances and tools which, together with the wide variety of wagons of approved 
construction and decoration, are made by the manufacturing department, not only 
for the use of the Knickerbocker Ice Company, but for the trade generally, this 
branch being the largest producer of ice tools, machinery and wagons in America. 
The workshops, covering nearl}' a block, are at Twenty-Second and Hamilton 
Streets, Philadelphia, and include machine shops, foundry', wagon works, tool works, harness making 
shop, horse shoeing shop, and emploj^ about 125 men constantl3^ 

The company conducts both a wholesale and retail business in ice ; contracting for large 
quantities with dealers, brewers, packers, etc., and also serving the general consumers from eighteen 
stations in Philadelphia, and others at Camden, Atlantic City and Cape May. 

The Ice Ti-adc Journal, which is the recognized organ of the business in the United States, was 
commenced in 1877, and is now a sixteen page, sixty-four column monthly, well printed on fine paper, 
and filled with matters of interest to the trade. It circulates not only in America, but through the 
British Colonies, Great Britain, Germany, Northern Europe and Central America. 

Premiums were awarded the company for wagons, tools and machinery at the Franklin Institute 
Fair, 1874; Centennial Exposition, 1876; Cincinnati Ind. Exposition, 1879; World's Fair at New 
Orleans, 18S4-5, and for their exhibits of ice wagons and tools at the Columbian Exposition they were 
awarded bronze medals. 

In addition to the abo^-e the Knickerbocker Ice Company' is among the largest retail coal dealers 
in Philadelphia. 

The principal office of the Knickerbocker Ice Company is located in their handsome building at 
Sixth and Arch Streets, Philadelphia. The officers are : A. Hunt, President ; E. P. Kershow, Vice- 
President ; Cicero Huxt, Secretary and Treasurer; James J. Gillin, General Superintendent; 
D. W. Hunt, General Manager. 




Knickerbocker Ice Company s Building. 




PATENT ENDLE.SS CHAIN ELEVATOR AND ICE CARRYING MACHINE. 




The Bergner /^ En gel 

Brewing Company. 




A COLOSSAL ESTABLISHMENT — A SUCCESSFUL CAREER— 
AN ENORMOUS BUSINESS DERIVED FROM THE 
PURITY OF ITS PRODUCTIONS. 



Any reference to the industrial enterprises of Philadelphia cannot fail to take account of the great 
brewing interests which have reached such coUosal proportions. Covering an area of ten and a half 
acres, between the Schuylkill River and the Pennsylvania Railroad, the plant of The Bergner and En gel 
Brewing Company gives even to a stranger an impressive idea of the scientific and liberal employment 
of capital amounting to $4,800,000, by a single concern, in the production for home consumption and 
export of pure and wholesome malt beverages, equal to those of the oldest and best breweries of Europe. 

By a generous expenditure in the introduction of the most approved appliances, all tending to 
an improved quality of productions, the company has been favored by the appreciation bestowed upon 
their special brands, which, in addition to their local fame and popularity in other American cities, 
have attained a reputation that has created a large and constantly increasing demand in the West 
Indies, Mexico, and even in Australia. 

Owing to convenient location and peculiar advantages for shipment and speedy transportation in 
cars of the latest refrigerating plan, The Bergner and Engel Brewing Company is able to despatch its 
product in any quantity, and deliver in the best condition to any distance, in the quickest possible time. 
To facilitate in this respect, branch offices with ice house and delivery facilities attached, are maintained 
in most of the leading cities of the West and South. 

The capacity of the establishment in Philadelphia is 1,000,000 barrels, with storage room for 
140,000 barrels, and a cooling capacity of 575 tons daily. 

At the Columbian World's Fair, the exhibit of The Bergner and Engel Brewing Company won 
the highest premiums and awarded four medals. The brands which have met the popular taste and 
achieved such celebrity are the famous Tannhaeuser Export, Standard Eager, Culmbacher and Buck 
beers.. The finest Canada West barley malt and Saaz hops enter into the manufacture of the 
Tannhaeuser beer, making it, according to that critical authority, the Medical Neivs, " the finest light 
beer ever made." The Culmbacher, a rich, creamy, dark beer, is pronounced by many equal to the 
belt Bavarian brews. 

The officers of the Company are: C. William Bergner, President; August W. Woebken, 
Secretary; GuSTAVUS A. Muller, General Manager; John Annear, Treasurer ; and C.William 
Bergner, Gustavus A. Muller, August W. Woebken, George A. Fletcher, Samuel S. Sharp, 
Richard W. Clay, and John F. Stoer, Directors. 



206 



The Eddystone Manufacturing Co., Limited. 



WILLIAM SIMPSON, SONS & CO. 

Selling Agents 
Philadelphia, New York and Chicago 



Upon the Pennsylvania shore of the Delaware River, twelve miles below Philadelphia, the extensive 
plant known as the Eddystone Print Works is located, occupying a frontage upon the river of about 
one mile, and extending inland proportionately. Its boundaries being Ridley and Crum Creeks, the 
former separating it from Chester. The substantial group of buildings filled with costly machinery 
and affording employment to nearly i ,000 operatives is seen to advantage from either passing vessels or 
from trains of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad and the Chester branch of the 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, both of which have stations at this point, which is incorporated as 
the borough of Eddystone. The considerable population dependent upon the works is well housed 
and enjoy the benefits of a public library and maintain several churches, public schools and all the other 
advantages usually found in prosperous manufacturing villages in America. 

The Eddystone plant consists of twenty or more substantial buildings of brick. With the excep- 
tion of the printing house, which is three stories high, and the finishing house which is two, all the 




EDDYSTONK PRINT WORKS. 

Structures are of one floor. Freight steamers stop daily at a fine private wharf at Eddystone. 
The company employs the highest obtainable talent in the designing department, and only the most 
skilled workmen in the various delicate processes of the work. 

The quality of the goods made at the Eddystone Print Works is not surpassed in the United 
States, and the finer cotton prints equal in design and finish the products of the French manufactures. 
These include satines, serges, satin stripes, pekings, grenadines, brandenburgs, madras, canton cloths 
and the standard 64 x 64 calicoes. The Eddystone mourning prints and brandenburgs have long been 
famous in the trade, leading the market in that class of goods. The annual product of this concern 
reaches the great total of 80,000,000 yards, and their prints are sold not only all over the United States, 
but are largely exported. At the Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago, 1S93, the Eddystone Prints 
were awarded both medal and diploma for printed cloth fabrics and dyed cotton fabrics. 

This industry was established nearly half a century ago at the Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, 
by William Simpson. It was incorporated in 1877 as the Eddystone Manufacturing Company, Limited. 
The selling agents are William Simpson, Sons & Co., 128 and 130 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and 
318 Broadway, N. Y. Offices are also maintained in Baltimore and Chicago. 

207 



The New Era in Refrigeration. 




COOLING BY STREET PIPE LINES. 



Interior View, shoTving Connections from Street Pipe Line to Cooling 



The scientific application of cold to arrest decomposition 
has in recent years enormously developed the business of 
storing and distributing the 
world's food supplies. Mechan- 
ical refrigeration, as employed 
in cold storage warehouses, is no 
longer unfamiliar, but the idea 
of supplying the means of this 
perfect refrigeration through 
pipes laid in the streets, exactly 
as gas, water and steam are sup- 
plied, is startling, and the pos- 
sible extension and importance of 
such a service are incalculable. 
That a system for this purpose 
has been invented and estab- 
lished as a complete mechanical 
Two plants, in Denver and St. 
For this the world 



and financial success, is, however, a fact abundantly demonstrated. 
Louis, have given most acceptable service to their numerous patrons for four years, 
is largely indebted to a well known Philadelphian, Col. David Branson, now President of the Inter- 
national Cooling Co., 32 Pine Street, New York. A concise account of this system may be found in 
the. Journal of the Frankliti Institute, of Philadelphia, for February, 1894. From it we learn that 
neither cold air nor anything cold is sent through the pipes, such methods invariably proving financial 
failures, because of loss of cooling power, despite the most costly insulation, by absorption of heat from 
the earth or air through which the pipes pass. In this system the pipes (except the expansion coil), 
have the temperature of their surroundings, and the entire refrigerating power of the machine is 
delivered and utilized in the refrigerators of the customers, none being lost on the way. 

Liquid anhydrous ammonia, usually at a pressure of 150 pounds to the square inch, at Summer 
temperature, flows from the machines through one pipe (the liquid line), to the point of use, and is 
there expanded by being allowed to flow through a small hole in a valve carefully adjusted to the amount 
of refrigeration required. This expansion takes place in a coil of pipe, known as the expansion coil, 
within the space to be cooled, and from this coil the ammonia, now changed to vapor, returns through a 
larger pipe (the vapor line), to the central station. 

A third pipe, connected with the liquid and vapor pipes at each refrigerating box and also in 
manholes at the street crossings, constitutes a vacuum, or safety line, and is a vital part of the system. 
By means of it any section in which new connections or repairs are to be made can be emptied without 
intermitting the operation of the system elsewhere. A reservoir (for liquid anhydrous ammonia) is 
placed at the outgoing end of the machine, a second reservoir (for strong aqua ammonia) at the incoming 
side of the machine, and a third (for weak aqua ammonia) is also employed. The machine operates 
steadily while the contents of the several reservoirs vary as the demand upon the street line is greater or 
less than average. The machine may be shut off entirely for a time for repairs, and in cool weather a 
night force may be dispensed with, the reservoir system continuing to work automatically. 

All degrees of temperature are supplied, varying firom that required in making ice or freezing 
fish to the small amount necessary to keep moths from fars and woolen goods Regulating valves, 
operated by electricity from the central station, are each controlled bj^ a thermostat in the place to be 
cooled. This is adjusted, ordinarily, to open the valve at one degree above and close it at one degree 
below the average temperature required. 

The Committee on Science and the Arts of the Franklin Institute have awarded to this invention 
the John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium. 



20S 




Factories, Gardner, Mass. 



Heywood Bros. & Co. 



Manufacturers 
^*^ of 



Reed and Rattan 

irniture 



Chairs 



pui 



/~Aliildren's ^ /"^hair 



ane 



I and I 

Carriages ^£ 
loio, IOI2, 1014 Race Street 

PHILADELPHIA 



"^nc:- 



Among the many substantial and often ornate buildings intended for warehouses and salesrooms 
erected in Philadelphia within recent years, one of the most notable is the costly edifice completed 
last year for the use of Messrs. Heywood Bros. & Co., manufacturers of chairs, chair cane, reed and 
rattan furniture and children's carriages, located at loio, 1012 and 1014 Race Street. 

The factories of this house are at Gardner, Mass., and in Chicago, and the new home of the 
long established Philadelphia Branch is but one of several, others being maintained at Boston, 
New York, Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, and Los Angeles, Cal. 

The new building, as indicated by the illustration upon this page, is a strikingly handsome 
example of architecture, its nine floors receiving an abundant flood of light through the many arched 
windows of its ornate front. 

The several stories give an aggregate of 100,000 square feet of floor space, which is filled 
at all times with the goods carried for distribution within the district to which this branch of the 
house sends its wares. This includes Pennsylvania, New Jersey (south of and including Trenton), 
upper Delaware and West Virginia. 

Passenger and freight elevators reach every floor, and the entire building, having been erected 
especially for the display and sale of this class of goods, is perfectly adapted to its purposes. 

Messrs. Hej^vood Bros. & Co. do not retail, all business being in the shape of wholesale 
business with the trade, and there are few retail establishments in this country dealing in house 
furnishing materials where the customer cannot buy Heywood chairs. 

An exception to the exclusively wholesale business with the jobbers and retailers is made in 
favor of hotels, churches, public halls, etc. Large orders from this class of buyers are received direct. 

The business of Messrs. Heywood Bros. & Co. is conceded to be the largest of its kind in the 
world, and the measure of their success in introducing thoroughly durable and exceedingly comfortable 
repositories for the tired frames of humanity, accurately defines the advance in civilization since the 
days of the straight-backed and ugly chairs of our grandfathers. 

The interior economy of the remote farm house has been modernized. Heywood chairs are 
found alike in the prairie cabin and the millionaire's palace. Heywood baby carriages, propelled 
by the aproned maids from brown stone fronts and the rosy faced helpmate of the working man, are 
seen in all of our parks, highways and byways. 

209 



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Van Sciver & Co., Furniture, 



CAMDEN, N. J. 



A Great Establishment Over the River. 



The originality clispla5'ed in locating the great Furniture business of J. B. Van Sciver & Co. in Camden 
has been justified, as is shown by tlie building up of a business which has now reached the $1,000,000 
point in annual sales. The loadstone that attracts the Philadelphia householder, or the stranger within 
our gates, across the Delaware River, to the big warehouse near the ferry, is the margin of saving, 
ranging between 10 and 30 per cent, below prices elsewhere, made possible by the economy of location 
and administration of this great business. Thousands, too, go to this establishment to gain artistic points 
upon harmonious furnishing and decorating. Being but a block from the ferry, and less than half an 
hour in point of time from the great terminal stations in the heart of Philadelphia, it is practically as 
accessible as the majority of Philadelphia stores in the shopping district. 

The substantial five-story building, which covers a whole block between Delaware, Federal and 
Arch Streets, is filled with an enormous and infinitely varied assortment of furniture, carpets, bedding, 
bric-a-brac, etc. This emporium is chiefly for samples, there being five outside buildings used for 
the storage of duplicate stock and other purposes. This firm are not only manufacturers of fine 
goods upon a great scale, but are constant importers of the art wares of the best workmen from 
Paris to Damascus. Visitors to the establishment are allowed perfect freedom to make inspection 
alone, or will be conducted by attendants whose duty it is to give any information desired. The 
most interesting feature to the majority being a series of richly furnished apartments representing 
the several rooms of a modern residence in excellent taste, the whole affording an object lesson 
which is simply a delight to the cultured mind. It may safely be asserted that few features of 
the great Columbian Fair were more interesting or of greater real value to the visitor than this perma- 
nent exhibit, which is always open to the public. These apartments suggest in their completeness of 




ONE OF THE FURNISHED ROOMS ON' THE SECOND FLOOR. 

detail rather the abode of refined and wealttiy people than the carefully arranged and elaborately 
harmonious collection intendel for sale. The house furnisher will find in these rooms the latest 
ideas in parlor decoration, the right sort of a picture to brighten a sombre corner, the exact tint of 
draping for the background of a statuette or bust, the newest fad in dining-room upholstering or 
table covering. The very essence of comfort pervades the model library, and one who could not 
dream sweetly in such a bed chamber must indeed be an iconoclast. 

A large department is devoted to carpets, rugs and mattings, and it may be superfluous to 
say that the stock is as rich, varied, diverse in style, as that of any dealer in the East. Office furni- 
ture is also represented by a wide line of desks, bookcases, tables, revolving and easy chairs, etc. 

In the business of such a concern as this not only the various classes of goods, ranging from a 
baby's crib to a pulpit, are always increasing in number, but the varieties of patterns, sizes, woods, 
multiplies each passing season to keep pace with the popular fancy, in fact, to lead it, if possible. 
But, however bewilderingly varied may be the goods, great and small, that are scattered from this 
central establishment all over the country, the quality never falls below the Van Sciver standard of 
excellence. The distant housewife writing to this concern for information will receive a copy of 
Home and Art, a journal issued by the firm, which will give, by both its many illustrations and its 
quotations, a clear idea of prices and styles, with many entertaining hints for the improvement of 

the average American home. Hotel pro- 

prietors, church committees, owners of 
theatres and public halls, and similar 
purchasers of furniture in large lots, will 
find it advantageous to communicate with 
this house when refurnishing. Builders 
of modern homes who desire harmonious 
interior finishing and furnishing, and 
every one who appreciates the best of 
goods at fair prices, may make the little 
pilgrimage to Camden, if in Philadelphia, 
with both pleasure and profit. 



ONE OF THE CARPET SALESROOMS. 



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L m r. e n 




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A Model Industrial Building. 



One of the most notable additions, in recent j^ears, to the manufacturing buildings of Philadelphia, is 
the extensive and handsome structure just completed at Nineteenth Street and Allegheny Avenue, by 
Mr. W. G. Warden, whose offices are at 328 Chestnut Street. The main front is upon Nineteenth 
Street, and is seven floors high, from which two extended wings of six floors project eastward to the 
line of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, separated by a large court into which a siding connecting 
with both the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia & Reading Railroads is introduced. Twelve 
extensive floors are thus provided for as many industries, a single wing floor being the minimum space 
rented. Freight and passenger elevators reach all floors. Tenants will be provided with steam power, 
steam heat, and electric lighting ; business offices also being located in every story. 

This building having been constructed with a view to the safe introduction and operation of the 
heaviest machinery employed by manufacturers, and situated at the most advantageous point in the 
city, with regard to convenience, in receiving or shipping by the railroad lines, will attract great atten- 
tion as an economical enterprise and as a new departure in the evolution of our local industrial 
conditions. 




N. Stetson & Co., 




PIANOS 

Vocalion Qrgans 



ORGANS 




STEINWAY 



STEINWAV 



By appointment to Her 

Majesty, the Queen 

of England. 



By appointment to their 

Royal Highnesses, the 

Prince and Princess 

of Wales. 



THE 

5teinway 

House of the 
City 




STEINWAV 



By appointment to His 
Majesty, the King and 
the Court of Prussia. 



14 16 and 14 18 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 



Philadelphia is notable among the cultured centres of 
American populations as a musical community- Its 
homes are not regarded as complete until the piano 
finds its place among the domestic furnishings. The 
city ranks among the first in the perfection of its choral 
and orchestral organizations, and the great artistes of 
the lyric stage pronounce the audiences of the Quaker 
City as most critical and appreciative. 

This widespread musical element creates a con- 
stant demand for instruments of the first class, and 
this want is most completely met by the piano house 



of Messrs. N. Stetson & Co., incorporated, at 14 16 
and 1418 Chestnut Street, Hazletine Building, repre- 
sentatives in this city and for the States of Pennsyl- 
vania, New Jersey and Delaware for Steinway, Brad- 
bury, Hallet & Davis, Henning and other pianos, 
vocalion organs and Erard harps. This house keeps 
on exhibition at all times between two hundred and 
three hundred pianos, beside a full line of musical 
wares, arranged in its warerooms and parlors, the 
establishment being one of the largest in the United 
States. Accomplished pianists and organists are 
always in attendance, and strangers visiting the city 
upon business or pleasure will find this one of the 
features of the town which should be included in their 
local itinerary. The location upon Chestnut Street 
just west of Broad, is within a brief walk of the best 
hotels, the great railroad terminals and the shopping 
centre, and is reached by numerous street railway 
lines from any quarter of the city. 




2.13 




Bowen, Duncan & Co. 



Leaders in Millinery Furnishings. 

The Growth of a Tasteful Industry. 



The variety of the industries which have been developed within a few 
years in this city and many near-by communities, v.-ith the large number 
of skilled workers and the great capital employed in producing the 
artistic concomitants of feminine headwear, is but partially understood 
by the public. 

While formerly — within some fifteen years — the materials entering 
into a fashionable hat or bonnet were nearly altogether imported, about 
75 per cent, of the goods are now of domestic creation. In Philadelphia 
about a dozen factories are engaged in the artificial flower business, such parts as are still imported 
beirig largely finished and applied here. The great silk mills started in recent years in Philadelphia, 
Bethlehem, Allentown, Mauch Chunk, Pottsville, Harrisburg and Honesdale in this State, and at 
Paterson, N. J., supply the numerous beautiful ribbons required. The velvets and plushes are from 
French, German and Swiss makers. The untrimraed straw hats for Summer wear, and the attractive 
felts of the Fall trade, are domestic, with most of their laces and jaunty adornments. 

The principal concern in Philadelphia through which these goods are distributed to the jobbing 
trade and the milliners of the country, from one ocean to the other, is that of Bowen, Dungan & Co., 
occupying two floors of the large building Nos. 715, 717 and 719 Arch Street. The counters filling 
all of the first floor of this establishment, an apartment 65 by 150 feet in area, are richly burdened with 
what may be regarded as a " permanent exhibition " of attractive millinery supplies, of almost infinite 
variety of shape, color and material. The styles of hats alone number upwards of seven hundred, 
from the infantile first ' ' Gainsborough ' ' to the coquettish turban of the 
seashore belle and the sombre bonnet of the widow. The rich array 
of flowers, at present arranged for the Summer demand, suggests the 
conservatory of a Crcesus. Plumage from every country and clime, 
ribbons, straw braiding, jet ornaments, which are still imported, 
crepes, nuns veiling, netting, satins, laces, and many minor items for 
the gratification of female caprice and individual taste, are here in 
great profusion. 

The members of the firm are W. S. Bowen, C. H. Dungan, 
A. P. Chapman, and CD. Phillips, all of whom are well known in 
business circles, and the reputation of the house in the special de- 
partment of habiliment to which they are devoted, both in domestic 
and imported goods, is second to none in the United States. 

The millinery supply business is always subject to the mysterious 
decrees of fashion, and demands at all times such accurate judgment 

in selection of stock as can only be 
gained by a larger experience than is 
required in the operation of most mer- 
cantile lines of trade. Such training is 
obviously to the advantage of the pur- 
chaser. 



214 





The Hale & Kilburn 

Manufacturing Co. 

48 & 50 North Sixth St., Philadelphia. 



This Company has for twenty years enjoyed an enviable 
reputation as the most extensive designers and makers of 
strictly high class furniture, employing hundreds of skilled 
workmen in its production. With a view to affording their 
clients services, ensuring perfect harmony in design and color, 
as relates to the treatment of interiors, they have in recent 
years increased their extensive facilities by the creation of 
departments devoted to the several branches of art entering 
into the complete execution of an artistic interior. Each 
department is directed by reputable artists in their respective 
branches, and the entire corps is presided over by a specialist 
on interior architecture and design — a graduate of the 
Academic des Beaux-Arts, of Paris. They have very suc- 
cessfully executed some of the most important commissions, 
ranging from a single apartment to the treatment of an 
. entire building, involving the accurate reproduction of the 
stvlcs of decorative treatment peculiar to the various epochs 
in the world's history. Other departments are devoted to 
the manufacture of improved seats for steam and street rail- 
way cars, folding beds and patented furniture specialties. 





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215 



Henry A. Dreer 



ESTABLISHED 1S38. 



INCORPORATED 189Z. 



Seed, Plant and Bulb Growers and Merchants. 




It is as fitting as true that the art of the seedsman has 
reached its highest development in the immediate vicinity 
of Philadelphia, all the conditions of soil, climate and 
communication being highly favorable to superlative 
results. The price of success in this important rural 
pursuit is almost infinite patience and boundless research. 
From the store of Henry A. Dreer, at 714 Chestnut Street, 
Philadelphia, and the extensive growing and testing 
grounds at Riverton, New Jersey, upon the shore of the 
Delaware River above Philadelphia, vast quantities of 
selected stock seeds are sent far and wide to farmers 
who return in due time ' ' an hundred fold ' ' in the wide 
variety of seeds, of vegetables and flowers which this great concern supplies to the public. Thus, 
for instance, the seed of the pea is returned from Northern New York, Canada and Michigan ; Lima 
beans and onions from California ; beets from Pennsylvania ; cabbages from Long Island ; carrots from 
Connecticut ; in fact, some particular species of vegetable life in seed form from almost every section 
of the country, all soils and conditions being thus laid under contribution, the best conditions being 
found usually upon or north from the latitude of the parent or stock seed farm. 

The firm of Henry A. Dreer, has been in existence above half a century. It is now incorporated 
and its President is Mr. William F. Dreer, the son of the founder. The establishment at Riverton 
covers nearly one hundred acres, upon which are located forty-four large gi'eenhouses, each devoted to a 
special class of plants, four packing houses, a cold storage cellar and many minor structures. The rich 
soil is devoted to the production of constantly improved stock seeds, which, obedient to nature's 
beautiful and generous laws, here attain, under the fostering care of specialists, their greatest perfection. 
The Dreer catalogues, published periodically, are prized by all gardeners and agriculturalists. 
The trade of the firm extends to not only all American points, but to many foreign countries as well. 




DREER SEEP F\RM, AT RrVERtON. — PLANT DEPARTMEN-T?. 



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HOOPES & TOWNSEND, BOLT, NUT AND RIVET WORKS, 1330 BUTTONWOOD STREET 



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The Manufacture 

of 

Dentists* Supplies. 



FACTORY, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. 

Few perhaps of the thousands who experience the benefits of dental services, give more than a 
passing thought of curiosity to the instruments and appliances with which the dentist achieves his 
results. Yet it is probably true that no other business under the sun covers so wide a field as the manu- 
facture of dentists' supplies in the range of materials used and in variety of finished products. There 
is scarcely a substance known to the industrial arts, scarcely a process employed by the artisan, which 
is not utilized in this business, and so great is the variety of products required, that in the whole world 
there are not more than two houses which cover the entire line. 

One of these, the largest in the world, and the one universally recognized by dentists as the leader 
in quality as well as quantity of products, has its headquarters at the southeast corner of Chestnut and 
Twelfth Streets. 

This business was founded in 1844, by the late Dr. Samuel S. White, a dentist, who had served 
an apprenticeship to the ' ' art and mystery of the manufacture of incorruptible 
teeth." Recognizing the faults in the crude porcelain teeth then available 
to dentists, he made many improvements in them. His improved teeth 
found ready favor, and it was not long until he was compelled by the 
increasing demand to give up the practice of dentistry in order to devote his 
entire energies to their manufacture. The business grew apace. From time 
to time other lines of dental supplies were added to its products ; the needs 
of the business compelled the erection of the building at Twelfth and 
Chestnut, which was occupied in 1868. Eleven years later Dr. White died, 
and in 1881 The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co., with a paid-in 
capital of $1,000,000, was incorporated, with the following officers : President, 
Dr. James W. White; General Manager, Henry M. Lewis; Secretary, 1- 
Clarence White ; Treasurer, Samuel T. Jones. The only change that has 
since occurred in the personnel of the officers was occasioned by the death 
of Dr. James W. White, in 1891, when Mr. Lewis became the President and 
Mr. William H. Gilbert was elected General Manager. 

In 1844 the sole product of the establishment was porcelain teeth ; in 1894 it makes every article 
used in dental practice, from the tiniest broach to the most elaborate chair. Throughout this entire line 
there is no single article which is not universally recognized as the best of its class. It is one of the 
traditions of the house that everything it turns out must be the best of its kind. Its motto is, " The 
best is the cheapest." As a consequence, it sets the standard of quality for the world's manufacturers 
of dentists' supplies — a standard which it ever places higher and higher. Its products have been 
exhibited at all the great world's fairs, and have never failed, from the Crystal Palace Exhibition of 
1851 at London, to the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, at Chicago, to receive the highest 

award in their class. The building erected, in 186S, at Twelfth and 
Chestnut, 45 x 235 feet, and five stories high, contained the entire 
manufacturing plant, and was supposed at the time to amply pro- 
vide for any future growth. To-day there is room there for only 
^1 I ^ a single department. The main factory is at Prince's Bay, Staten 

Island, where nearly .soo people are employed, and another separate 
factory at Frankford gives employment to nearly 200 more. In all 
its departments, including branch houses for the sale of its goods in 
New York, Boston, Chicago, Brooklyn, and Atlanta, the company 
employs about 1000 people. 




iititi 

mi 



MAIN OFFICE AND SALESROOM, 
PHILADELPHIA. 




21S 



FACTORY, FRANKFORD. PHILADELPHIA. 




A Chapter Upon Fine Arts. 



Geo. C. Newman, 

806 Market St., 

Parlor Mirrors, Pictures, Frames, &c. 



There is at the present time an increasing demand for works of art and all 
kinds of artistic decoration for the interior of homes. This fact is decidedl}' 
encouraging, as it is an indication to the observer that the citizens of Philadel- 
phia are prosperous, and it clearly demonstrates their constantl}' growing refine- 
ment, culture and good taste. Every exhibition under the auspices of the Art 
Club has a larger attendance than the former one, and the many sales of pictures 
at these exhibitions' indicate the great growth of interest which Philadelphians 
display when the opportunity to view the works of art is afforded them. 

The various seasons, Christmas, I.enten and Easter, bring with them many 
pretty souvenirs and tokens of regards, which are constantly being exchanged, 
and many other occasions, such as the marriage of a friend, birthday anniver- 
saries and other occurrences where the question of an appropriate gift arises, and what can there be 

more appreciated than a handsome picture ? 

Among the art dealers in Philadelphia there is not one better prepared to satisfy the most 

cultured taste than Mr. George C. Newman, 806 Market Street. 

Having superior facilities for carrying on the business, this well- 
known house, by strictly honest and fair dealing with all, has 

established a rapidly increasing patronage, until to-day it stands 

in the front rank of this line of business. The stock of pictures, 

comprising all the latest publications of etchings, engravings, photo 

gravures, fac-similes and water colors, would delight the eyes of 

connoisseurs. The beautiful mantel mirrors, in cream and gold 

or all gold, exquisitely carved, embellished with roses and scrolls, 

artistically arranged, and the various patterns in the stjdes of different 

periods can be had at proportionate prices, and are constantly kept 

on hand. There is an endless array of pretty art mouldings for 

the framing of pictures. This magnificent display of works of art 

presents to the notice of those who desire to purchase gifts for home 

decoration an ample variety to select from. 

The experience of Mr. George C. Newman in this business 

covers a period of forty years. He issues a beautiful and very inter- 
esting illustrated catalogue and price list, explaining in minute detail 

how etchings, engravings, fac-similes and photogravures are made — 

their grades, qualities and values. It is the only list ever given to 

the public free of charge. If our readers feel interested in the matter 

they should send or write for a copy. All orders and inquiries come 

under Mr. Newman's personal supervision, thereby insuring entire 

satisfaction. 




219 



The Qutekunst Co. 



PHOTOGRAPHERS 
AND PHOTO-ILLUSTRATORS. 




The aggregate of achievement in the art of photo- 
graphy, as applied not only to portraits and 
photographic results as such, but as well to the 
wide application of the camera to artistic illustra- 
tion, as found in Philadelphia at the present time, 
is the result of much individual effort upon broad 
lines. In this work of constantly accelerated 
progress in the creation of artistic and enduring 
effects, no name here or elsewhere stands higher 
than that of Gutekunst. , 

A sketch of Mr. Gutekunst 's life is really 
a history of the photographic art in this citj', so ■ 
closely has he been identified with it from its 
inception to the present time. 

He began with the production of the 
Ambrotype, and his excellence in that form of 
portrait work gained him reputation and friends. 
This was in 1856, at 706 Arch Street, not far from 
his present location. 

Mr. Gutekunst was among the first to take hold of the then new photograph, and soon forged 
ahead of all competitors, his work taking the lead, which it has maintained to the present day. 
His business became of such magnitude, that he was obliged to move into more extensive quarters, 
712 and 714 Arch Street, which is still occupied in the production of his exquisite work. 

Mr. Gutekunst's reputation has extended all over the country, and strangers make it a point 
in visiting Philadelphia to stop at "Gutekunst's" for one of his excellent portraits. 

Prominent men in every walk of life — political, social, scientific, etc., have honored him with 
sittings, and his collection of portraits of eminent men is remarkable. 

Mr. Gutekunst's reputation has also extended abroad, he having received medals from all of 
the prominent Expositions : a decoration from the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, a handsome vase 
from the Emperor of Japan, an award of honor from the Queen of England, and from Victor Emanuel 
a gold medal. 

In addition to his fine pastel work, he has lately introduced oil portraits, which have been 
pronounced superior to the high-priced productions of Paris artists. 

In 1878 Mr. Gutekunst introduced Photo-Gelatine printing, which first occupied a few rooms 
of his Arch Street establishment, but the work proving superior, he was obliged to seek larger 
quarters at Ninth and Arch Streets, where after a six years' stay, his increased business forced 
another move to gain additional room for this growing trade, at the present location, 813 Girard 
Avenue. There is every facility for the rapid production of fine art printing from gelatine plates, 
phototype printing, half t^ne blocks and zinc etchings. 

A list of illustrative books produced by this house would fill a volume, but among them 
might be mentioned Appleton's "Artistic Houses" and "Artistic Country Seats," and the "History 
of Yachting." It might be mentioned also that many of the half-tone blocks in this work were 
made by this house. 

Mr. Gutekunst also has a large gallery at 1700 North Broad Street, to accommodate that 
portion of his trade who live in the northwestern section of the city. 



220 



The Philadelphia Produce Exchange, 



Howard Austin, Secretary. 




The Produce Exchange is to the whole- 
sale business in butter, eggs, fruits and 
vegetables what the Commercial Ex- 
change is to the grain and flour interests 
of Philadelphia. It is the rallying point 
of the local business houses identified 
with the trade in produce. Its influ- 
ence has been strongly felt for many 
rj I years in all matters relating to the 
transportation and delivery of pro- 
duce in Philadelphia, in the adjust- 
ment of trade disputes, and in all 
movements designed to extend the 
acquaintance of growers and shippers with the advantages 
of this city as a market for the products of the farm and dairy. 
The first steps toward the organization of the produce 
interests were taken in April, 1874, when a meeting of com- 
mission merchants was called to form an association which 
should have for its principal objects " mutual protection against irre- 
sponsible dealers, the establishment of uniform prices, free and prompt 
interchange of commercial views and the exchange of commodities." At 
a subsequent meeting nineteen firms signed the agreement of membership and Mr. James M. Gilbough 
was elected President, Mr. W. W. Jones, Vice-President, and Mr. Matthew Semple, Secretary and 
Treasurer. From this small beginning the organization grew in strength and influence until in 
recent years its average aggregate membership has comprised two hundred firms and individuals 
prominently identified with the various branches of the produce trade. 

The Exchange was incorporated in November, 1878, during the Presidency of W . H. Dunlap 
— the purpose of the corporation as declared in its charter being " the encouragement and protection 
of trade and commerce, and the maintenance of a society for protective purposes to its members." 
Immediately after the organization of the Exchange it began the publication of a letter sheet Price 
Current, which, under the direction of a Quotations Committee, is still compiled by the Secretary, and 
is issued sem.i-weekly to subscribing members who employ it as a means of disseminating among 
shippers an official statement of the condition of the markets. 

The exchange was originally located at No. 37 South Water Street, and afterwards at No. 56 
North Water Street and at the corner of Delaware Avenue and Chestnut Street, whence it removed 
in 1882 to the building it now occupies at the intersection of Arch and Water Street and Delaware 
Avenue. The Exchange is governed by a board of twelve managers, but regular meetings of the 
association are held on the first Wednesday in every month, and important questions relating to the 
business or policy of the organization are usually settled by a direct vote of the members. The 
officers of the Exchange for 1S94 are as follows: President, James D. Ferguson; Vice-President, 
Wm. S. Emley ; Treasurer, John Jamison ; Secretary, Howard Austin. Managers : James D. Ferguson, 
Wm. S. Emley, Basil H. Brown, C. G. Justice, Robert B. Lehman, R. P. Stewart, H. C. Gerhart, 
W. P. Ireland, J. F. Hobson, O. W. White, W. S. Nice, and E. C. Crow. 




A. F. Merrell & Co. 

Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 
PHILADELPHIA. 



The very general rectangular plan to which the thoroughfares 
of Philadelphia conform, have naturally resulted in the wide 
and advantageous distribution of both wholesale and retail 
business in all essential lines over the entire city, and in no 
other large community of the country are there to be found 
such large numbers of attractive and prosperous establish- 
ments, dealing directly with the people, located in the 
residence sections. The illustration upon this page is that 
of a handsome building, erected at Nineteenth Street and 
Fairmount Avenue, by A. F. Merrell & Co., druggists, and 
which was completed in 1892. The first floor is fitted up in 
exceptionally costly and attractive style, with tiled flooring 
and embossed metallic ceiling. The basement and large 
vaults beneath the footways are iiiil:/.ed for goods in packages. The stock carried embraces all of the 
wide variety of proprietary articles in usual demand, to which are added a number of specialties pre- 
pared and widely sold by this concern, including Merrell's Hepatine, Merrell's Hair Wash, Merrell's 
Beef, Wine and Iron, Globe Flower Cough Syrup, Dr. Pemberton's Stillingia, Oil of Mercy, etc. 

A. F. Merrell & Co. were the pioneers in the now very general move among the druggists in the 
direction of popular prices for all drugs and articles sold by them. 

The upper floors of the Merrell building are designed for the use of lodges and societies, and the 
whole establishment is a notable addition to the populous section surrounding it, and an example of 
enterprise which will doubtless induce emulation in many other portions of the city. 




A. F. MERRELL & CO 'S RETAIL DEPARTMENT. 




The Wholesale Shoe Trade 
of Philadelphia. 



By JOHN T. MONROE, at the request of the Philadelphia Shoe Exchange. 



Of the many necessities incidental to modern living, no one thing seems to be more 
conducive to our physical comfort than the article of footwear, and as it is no 

longer the fashion to go barefooted, it follows, that with our constantly 
'growing population, the consumption of shoe leather must be very large 

indeed — so great, that according to the last census, the total value of the 
boot and shoe production of the United States amounted to the enormous sum of $220,649,358 per 
annum. Our city has always maintained a high reputation for the character of the shoes manufactured 
here, and the inscription " Philadelphia Made " has become synonymous throughout the land, with all 
that is honest and tasteful in shoe making. The origin of the wholesale shoe traffic of Philadelphia 
dates back to the early part of the century, when a firm of enterprising New Englanders opened a 
warehouse for the sale of various products of the Eastern States, including shoes, and in return, for- 
warded to their correspondents in Boston, grain, flour, fruits and such other produce as would likely 
prove salable in that vicinity. From such humble beginnings, the jobbing shoe business of Philadel- 
phia had its origin, and among its representative houses from then to now, are included the honored 
names of men distinguished in all the qualities that make good citizens and successful merchants. At 
no time in the commercial historj'- of the city has the shoe trade included among its members a more 
representative following than now, and never has the volume of goods handled been as large as for the 
past few years. During the year 1893 there were (in addition to the sixty-five factories employed 
exclusively in the manufacture of the finer grades of shoes), sixty-seven firms engaged in the wholesale 
boot and shoe business in Philadelphia, whose shipments for the year amounted to 200,000 cases. The 
high estimation in which Philadelphia is held for selling honest goods at loiu figures, has added very 
materially to her reputation as a Shoe Distributing Centre. Owing to the greater degree of enterprise 
manifested by a number of the wholesale houses, and the close attention paid to the detail of the 
business, goods are being offered to the retail merchant, which for quality will compare favorably with 
the best custom work, at prices that enable the largest dealers to supply their daily wants firom the 
warerooms of our jobbing houses, instead of waiting for the slower processes of the manufacturer. 
These conditions apply as well to the cheaper and more staple grades, adapted to the wants of the 
agricultural, mining and manufacturing districts. The antiquated method of selling goods upon 
long credit, at large profits, which so long prevailed, has been superseded, to a great extent, by the 
modern principle of small profits, quick sales, and close collections. 

The want of a closer bond of union between the different wholesale houses had been felt by 
a number of the members of the trade, and on November 7, 1890, the various suggestions finally 
culminated in the organization of the Philadelphia Shoe Exchange, which includes in its membership 
nearly all of the houses engaged in the wholesale shoe business, and has for its object the discussion of 
various matters pertaining to the trade, as well as the general welfare of the city. The result has 
developed a spirit of good fellowship among the members, which has proved very satisfactory to all 
identified with the movement. Important subjects have been discussed, and reforms inaugurated, 
which ha\-e resulted in mutual benefit. An interesting social feature has been the annual dinner, which 
has been given every year under the auspices of the Exchange. Upon each of these occasions 
addresses have been made by distinguished guests from our own and sister cities upon important topics. 
In all matters relating to the prosperity of our goodly city, the members of the Shoe Trade have taken 
a lively interest, and when called upon to contribute to charitable or other worthy objects, none have 
been found more willing to respond to the demands upon either their time or money than the Wholesale 
Shoe Merchants of Philadelphia. 

223 




Weimer, Wright & Watkin, 

Boots, Shoes and Rubbers, 

837 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA. 



The "Three W's," which is the trade mark of this long 
established firm, signifies equally the initials of the firm 
and the legend " We Wear Well." It is familiar to the 
shoe trade of the country, and especially in the states of 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Delaware, Maryland, 
West Virginia, and the whole South, through which the 
house has, for many j'ears, transacted a large business. 

This firm was founded in 1875, locating first at 
No. 302 Market Street, and later at No. 808 Market Street. 
It deals largely in Ladies' and Children's Shoes, which are 
made at its own factory in Lynn, Mass., but it has developed 
a still greater jobbing trade in male footwear, including 
Rubber Boots and Shoes. 

At the present location, the several floors of a sub- 
stantial building are heavily stocked with every style and 
size of leather and rubber footwear to be found in the 
market, and which is probably unequalled by any other 
house in the city. 

The wholesale price list issued to the trade includes 
118 styles of Ladies' Wear, 25 of Misses', nearly 150 of 
Children's and Misses', 41 of Brogans and Plow Shoes, 
223 of various kinds of Men's and Boys' Shoes, besides a 
long series of Base Ball, Tennis and Bicycle Shoes, Russet 
color goods. Boots, Slippers, Oxfords and Prince Alberts, 
Rubbers, Shoe Findings and Overgaiters. 
It may be safely asserted, that in no other branch of the numerous trades ministering to the 
protection of humanity from the elements, does the consumer pay such a slight percentage of tribute to 
the handlers of goods as in the matter of shoes of all sorts. The improvement of machinery, greater 
manual dexterity, larger operations and competition, have all tended to revolutionize the business to 
such an extent, as now conducted, that reductions often amounting to nearly fifty per cent, of rates, 
once considered close, represent the ruling prices. No people in the world are as well shod upon such 
remarkably cheap terms as the Americans, and it is only by the application of careful economies, a 
thorough knowledge of the market, and the handling of goods satisfactory, alike to the retailer and his 
customer, that this or any . ,-^.. 

other firm could continue 
operations. 

The members of the 
firm are Wm. H. Weimer, 
Addison R.Wright, Howard 
Watkin and Harry B. 
Voorhees. 




FACTORY AT LYNN, MASS. 



LriZ^'^^ 




////// 



'/zm^ 



}t£K 



^^Mf^ The Shoe Manufacturing Industry 



'fsf^rV 




.J 



of Philadelphia. 



By Howard L. Townsend, Secretary. 



"PHILADELPH1A=MADE FINE SHOES" is a trade mark registered in the mind 
of eacli vendor of fine footwear in the United States. 

The manufacturing of fine foot apparel under factory organization of work- 
men, whereby divisions and subdivisions of labor required in the production 
are reduced to systems by which close economies are secured, and the completed article 
artistically beautiful in finish, anatomically correct in architecture, can be handed the 
distributer at a cost trivial indeed when contrasted with the price ruling a score of years 
ago ; these methods have had no earlier or more devoted adherents than the manufac- 
turers of Philadelphia. 

They claim the high distinction of having been the first large producers of fine 
and semi-fine footwear in America ; larger products of goods of less value distributed 
through divers channels belong to other markets and do not figure in competition with 
the Quaker City's output. 

Approximately speaking, the sixty odd factories of Philadelphia with an army 
of 5000 employes, producing an annual aggregate of I9, coo, 000 00 of boots and shoes 
and in the main, sell directly to the retailer — cased, cartoned and decorated as he may command. 
From the miniature sandal, in assorted widths, for the baby to the expensive hand painted 
satin boot for the lady of ultra-fashion, the product stands an unchallenged one for excellence of 
quality and variety of styles. The dainty Spanish foot of arched contour, the fantastic Parisian fad, 
the English idea, and the whole range of modern American styles are found together with a full 
complement of original ideas in each factory. 

No qualities of footwear requiring composite materials, or leather imitations have any coun- 
tenance or demand here. Located in the first leather market of the world and the one from which 
almost all other manufacturers of other cities derive their supply, Philadelphia manufacturers possess 
an unusual advantage over competitors and doubtless merit the oft-accredited deduction by leather 
manufacturers, that they "are hard to please.'' The careful scrutiny they exercise, rejecting uncertain 
qualities, maintains a high standard of quality in their goods not found elsewhere. 

Aside from the effort of the individual manufacturer much credit must be given to their imiso7i 
of action in The Shoe Manufacturers Association's workings. This Association, organized April 20, 
1 88 1, has had one continuous record of brilliant achievements, and to-day has no equalin the world 
as a trade organization, regulating its own affairs without injuring any one individual whether manu- 
facturer or workman. It prevents with a promptness and resolution seldom seen, any trade disturbing 
strikes or lockouts, enforces arbitration adjustments of mooted questions, and thereby ensures an un- 
interrupted prosecution of each one's business, and makes proper delivery of orders a certainty, a 
desideratum with each — manufacturer and dealer. 

The prevailing good feeling amid the members of the trade, and through them to and with 
the distributer, conveys to every live dealer an urgent, cordial invitation to investigate Philadelphia- 
Made Fine Shoes. 

225 




Paul Brothers, 



Wholesale Cash Distributers of Boots, Shoes and Rubbers. 



^«S^ 



One of the most important questions claiming the attention of the 
thinkers of to-day is that of distribution. It is generally conceded that 
capital often gets an undae share of tlie net profit of the earnings of 
labor. This inequality, happily, is less marked in the manufacture of 
Shoes than in other leading industries, owing to a better understanding 
between the manufacturer and the skilled laborer, as evidenced by joint 
boards of arbitration to settle differences that may arise. By this means 
strikes and lock-outs are to a very great extent avoided, and the industry 
is thus made firmer and labor more certain of continuous and remuner- 
ative employment. The beneficent effect of this union of interest does 
not end with the manufacturer of shoes, but is extended to the distrib- 
uter of the products of the factories. The old method of jobbing, that is 
of buying at the lowest price and selling at the highest is superceded by the new method of distribution, 
of a u:iion of interest between the manufacturer, distributer and retailer, in which the aim is to sell 
the best shoe possible at a stated price. This can be best accomplished through a central distributing 
house, carrying factory lines, in different grades, styles and kinds of shoes, and selling them as the 
product of the factories represented. Under this system there is no pretension of manufacturing the 
lines sold'. This at once establishes confidence between the buj^er and seller, and a comity of interest 
is established between the retailer, distributer and manufacturer, as it is plain the interest of each is 
that of the others, the aim being to have the best, and that is more easily obtained by and through this 
union of interest. 

The manufacturer attends strictly to the details pertaining to making shoes, in buying stock, and 
the general supervision necessary to procure artistic work. The distributer investigates the wants of 
the trade, gets the concensus from the retailers of st3'les and grades most likely to be popular, has 
factories to make them up, puts them in stock to supply the demands of the trade, and disposes of the 
product of many factories with the same fixed charges that would be necessary to dispose of the pro- 
duct of one factory, thus materially lessening the relative cost of distribution. 

The retailer having been consulted as to styles and grades, finds in the warehouse of the distrib- 
uter goods of all grades suited to their wants, ready for immediate delivery, in anj' quantit}^ is enabled 
to carry a more complete and better selected stock of goods, on less capital, than is possible where 
goods are ordered ahead in larger quantities than is required for immediate needs, in order not to be 
short in sizes when trade opens. All speculation is thus eliminated from business, as cash transactions 
for immediate wants in each department, assure each the best results obtainable. No one loses 
discounts, as that has not been put on the cost of the goods as a fine for slow pay. This alone is a 
large item of profit made in advance. 

This basic principle of business was first introduced to Philadelphians by M. C. & W. M. Paul, 
who established the wholesale distributing house of Paul Brothers, Julj^ i, 1876. By rigid adherence 
to the principles thus outlined, they have, perhaps, advanced to the foremost position of shoe 
distribution in Philadelphia, and, representing leading factories in all kinds and styles of shoe wear, 
feel justified in saying that they are prepared to sell the best shoe at a given price that can be 
produced through skill in manufacturing, backed by cash, and aided by economy in distribution. 
They cordially invite a test of this statement by an inspection of their stock Cor, if requested, will 
cheerfully forward samples out of stock for inspection), as they prefer to be judged by what they do, 
rather than by what is merely asserted. 

Paul Brothers still adhere to their unique terms of "spot cash, no time, no dating ahead, no 
discount, and they never compromise." 



226 



Lippincott, Son & Co. 

AUCTIONEERS, 

624, 626 and 628 Market Street. 



The relation of the auctioneer to the business public in 
affording facilities for the expeditious conversion of 
goods into money is important. The oldest and largest 
Philadelphia house engaged in this business is the one 
named herewith, the firm of L,ippincott, Son & Co., 
having been founded more than forty years ago. This 
concern confines its attention to a wholesale business in 
certain staple lines, for which it has a national reputa- 
tion . At all times throughout the year the large build- 
ing of the firm is well filled with goods; the basement, 
fourth and fifth floors being used for the storage of shoes. 

Auctions are held regularly four days in the week, 
in addition to which private sales are made daily. The 
firm handles millinery goods of all sorts on Mondays, 
footwear upon Tuesdays, dry goods and clothing upon 
Thursdays and conducts Sheriff's sales upon Fridays. 
Settlements are always made within five days. Ad- 
vances negotiated, and liberal time given to buyers, who 
represent all sections of the country. 

The members of the firm are Barclay Lippincott, 
Frank B. Lippincott and George T. Lippincott. 





The Else Shoe Company. 



Among the old and well known business houses of Philadelphia is to be found this 
popular and ever successful wholesale boot and shoe house. 

The premises of The Else Shoe Company are situated at No. 53 North Third 
Street, and consist of an imposing structure, measuring 23 x 175 feet. The 
house has been located in this square since 1852, and the business has 
^^^^^ increased every year, calling for a continuous increase of accommodations. 
The travelers, of whom the firm are justly proud, many of them having 
been with the house for many years, carry a most excellent line of samples, 
representing the entire stock. 

They handle medium grades of goods for the thousands, the wants of the trade being care- 
fully studied. When other firms have complained of a declining business, this house, by intro- 
ducing novelties in st5de and make at tim^s when they were demanded, and when, also, they struck 
the popular taste, have in these respects held the market — this being one reason for their success. 
Their aggressiveness and progressiveness have always been conspicuous. The operations of 
the firm cover Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. The 
firm is composed of John E. Kern, William Lauderbach and Robert M. Robinson, gentlemen of 
integrity and ability with ample capital. 

Travelers are kept constantly on the road, and in every respect the firm ranks as one of the 
leading houses in Philadelphia. 



227 




Audible Electric Block Signal. 




SWITCH BOARD IN CAB. 






■<iaMSa„ 



PtATES IN POSITION. 




Under the title of the Audible Electric Block Signal, a highly valuable invention has 
recently been put into practical use upon eight miles of steam railway within 
the city limits of Philadelphia, the benificent promise of which is so far- 
reaching that it is destined to become an essential part of the equip- 
ment of every railroad of the land. Briefly, by the creation of ^^ 
a series of electric circuits, in which the rails are utilized, 
and the frequent contact of wire brushes attached 
to the locomotive with metallic plates placed 
between the rails the engineer is assured, 
without fail, either of a clear track miles in k -, 
advance of his train, or of any obstruction 
in the nature of an approaching, receding 
or standing train, a wreck, misplaced switch 
broken rail, open draw-bridge, or overhanging car, ^- 
the alarm being instantly given upon a gong located 
in the engineer's cab. Through the same electric agency the brake 
man of a standing train or any person desiring to warn any train entering 
the circuit may do so by creating a short circuit through the simple means of a wire, crow-bar, poker 
or other metallic conductor laid upon the rails. This system deiies any adverse condition of weather or 
track, and must inevitably inure greatly to the saving of human life and the avoidance of the 
destruction of rolling stock. The device can be applied to any railway at a very small cost 
p^r mile, the saving from ordinary loss by accident resulting from its adoption soon covering 
the outlay. Patents covering the invention in all of its particulars have been obtained in 
every civilized country. 

The following strong testimony from an official of the Philadelphia, Newtown & 
New York Railroad, the line above mentioned, was recently published in the Railway Age : 

Philadelphia, October 2, 1S93. 

This signal has been in operation on some four miles of road for some time back.* It has answered 

every purpose which is claimed for it, and under a severe test it has done every thing that can be done. 

It has in no case failed to show any obstruction that has been placed upon the track, such as a train ahead, 

an open switch, cars extending partly over main track while on siding, broken rails, misplaced rails, or 

rails or other metallic substance thrown acros.s the tracks. I do not desire to give an 3- of the particulars of 

construction, but consider it a very complete arrangement, and the most reliable signal that I have seen yet, it not being 

dependent upon any human agency for operation, and giving a signal at all times to those iu charge of an engine, no 

matter what the state of the weather or the condition iu which they might find themselves. It gives its 

signal to all that are in hearing distance of the gong, which can be made any size. 

Being an advocate of an audible signal in preference to a visible signal, I consider the one iu use 
ou part of this road the best in existence at this time. 

W. M. Geary, Superintendent. 
*Sincc increased to eight miles, and entire road now being equipped. 

The officers of the company are : President, Smith Harper ; Vice-President, 
H. M. Bellows; Secretary, Francis Asbury ; Treasurer, Elijah B. Cornell. The 
latter gentleman being the inventor of not only this but other uniformly successful 
appliances. Credit for the perfection of this invention is also due to A. H. R. 
Smiley, an electrician of note, and Wilson 
B. Solliday, a practical railroad expert. 

All are well-known residents of the 

City of Philadelphia. 



22S 



BP.USH IN CONTACT. 





FREIGHT ENGINE EQUIPPED FOR SIGNALS. 



METHOD OF BREAKING A CORRENT. 



The Retail Clothing; Trade of Philadelphia. 



Wanamaker & Brown. 




On the spot where Robert Morris, Superintendent 
of his country's moneys during the Revolution, 
had his home, the southeast corner of Sixth 
and Market Streets — one of the business insti- 
tutions of Philadelphia now stands. Dating its 
modest beginning, almost in the week that Fort 
Sumter was fired on and Civil War inaugurated , 
the house of Wanamaker & Brown has grown, 
in a generation, into the greatest establishment 
for the retailing of Clothing in the country — 
in the world. 

The intermediate story of its wonderful 
prosperity and continuing success, is the storj' 
of courage, judgment and hard work. At first 
a store of less than 30 x 60 feet, additions made 
as necessity and opportunity came, have increased 
the store to its present magnificent dimensions 
of 66 feet front on Market Street, with a side 
frontage or depth on Sixth Street of 180 feet. 
At first serving the transient custom of the 
thoroughfare, it has prospered to a business of 
millions annually, with its representatives in every section of the United States, and to the westward 
and southward in almost every place aspiring to the dignity of a country town. A business so con- 
tinental establishes its own claim to be a representative American business house. Much of this 
trade is as regular in its flow to "Oak Hall" as the seasons, acquiring its regularity from the 
confidence of customers in the house. 

The building up of a business so exceptional in magnitude, is due to the originality of methods, 
hardly less than the furnishing good goods. Since its inception, "Oak Hall " has been the leader in 
reconstructing trade customs. Its famous announcement of one price, with privilege of return of goods 
purchased and refunding money paid, was a trade epoch, marking the end of haggling store practice 
everywhere in the retail trade. A shifting price nowadays would doom a store to ruin. Loyalty to the 
customer is the cardinal maxim of the house. 

The manufacturing of all the goods it sold, sprang out of its determination to take the responsi- 
bility of selling only honest qualities. Tests of the cloth bought are made chemically. The shrinking, 
sponging, cutting of the cloths, linings, with all the details of manufacture, except the actual sewing 
of the garments, is done in the great six-storied building that serves as partial workshop and entire 
salesroom. All over the city and surroundings its small colonies of work-people are dotted, enough in 
numbers, if congregated, to people a good-sized county seat. Once it is sewed, the clothing comes 
back for inspection — close, critical, minute, extending even to every button. And all this goes on day 
after day to maintain at its fulness an enormous stock, immense even in thequiete.;t parts of the seasons , 
and augmented very greatly when trade is in full swing. All wool is the standard of its clothing. If 
the goods are not, the salesman's duty is not done, till he tells the customer so. No purchase of cloth 
is too great, if there is advantage in the price ; nor are special orders to mills uncommon when better 
style or quality or price is secured thereby. 

This close touch with the customer is the vital end of Wanamaker & Brown's policy. 

229 



The E. R. Artman=Treichler Company. 




Carpets, Rugs, Mattings, Oil Cloths and 
House Furnishing Goods. 



This company was incorporated about, four 
years ago, with a capital of $500,000. Its 
members being widely known through their 
identification with the trade since 1 865 . The 
company, from its formation, ranked among 
the leading jobbing houses of Philadelphia, 
as well as the United States. The efforts of 
this well-known house are directed toward 
supplying the demands of the retail carpet 
dealers of all sections, and their exten- 
sive warerooms at No. 711 and 713 Market 
Street, and extending to No. 712 Filbert 
Street, are at all times filled with the most 
popular, as well as the most reliable lines 
of carpets and kindred goods produced in 
America. The illustration herewith portra3-s 
but one of the numerous departments. The 
other being a view in the loom room of 
the carpet factory at Second and Huntingdon 
Streets, operated by this compan}^ where the 
celebrated Putnam- Mills extra supers are pro- 
duced. The goods made by this mill, under the management of J. E. Bierck, are unexcelled in point 
of quality and style by those of any maker in America. Their great popularity is best illustrated by 
the fact that this mill has been continuously run with full force upon orders since the formation of the 
company, including the entire dull period of 1893 and 1894. 

The company represent, as selling agent, a number of leading carpet manufacturers. They rank 
among the largest distributers of China and Japan mattings ; in linoleum, flioor and table oil cloth, and 
mounted shades they are acknowledged leaders throughout the trade. 

The high reputation Philadelphia has so long enjoyed as a carpet manufacturing and jobbing 
centre, has been largely due to such representative houses as the one here mentioned. 

Their trade extends throughout the New England, Middle and Western States, and the volume 
of business is perhaps larger than that of any other house of the kind in the United States. 

The officers of the company 
are Major E. R. Artman, Presidetit; 
M. K. Treichler, Treasurer ; D. G. 
Endy, Secretary. These gentlemen, 
with James Artman and J. P. Chap- 
man, form the Board of Directors. 
All of the officers are active in the 
management of the business of the 
company. 






EXHIBIT AX THU COLUMBIAN WORLD'S FAIR. 



Scott & Williams. 




NEW RIBBED 
UNDERWEAR MACHINE. 



Knitting Machinery. 




TWO-FEED SLEEVER. 

Among the wide variety of ingenious and highly perfected machinery made in Phila- 
delphia, and used in the factories of America and other busy countries, that devoted to 
the production of knit goods, has added greatly to our inventive fame. 

The largest builders of circular knitting machines and their accessories in the 
world, is the firm of Scott & "Williams, whose works at 2079 East Cumberland Street, 
in the heart of the great mill district, are supplemented by show rooms at Sixth and 
Arch Streets. 

The catalogue of this firm includes all of the standard machines, together with 
their many interchangeable parts, exceeding five hundred in number, used in the pro- 
duction of hosiery and knit underwear. A few of these are illustrated herewith. In 
addition to the output of their own plant, which emploj's about one hundred and 
fifty expert mechanics, many of their machines are made under contract by other 
establishments in the United States and England. 
Messrs. Scott & Williams' exhibit of machines in operation at the Columbian Exposition, 
attracted wide attention among practical visitors, and won for them the prize medal. It is not over- 
stating the facts to say that few mechanical features of the great 
fair drew the admiring attention of the passing throngs more 
constantly than these modern successors of the knitting needles 
of our grandmothers, which seem endowed with almost human 
intelligence. 

The knitting machinery made at the works of Messrs. Scott 
& Williams, is the result of an experience covering nearly thirty 
years of experiment and adaptation in this particular line, this 
house having been established in 1865. 

A handsome catalogue of about seventy pages, and illustrated 
with numerous cuts of the machines and parts made at this estab- 
lishment, can be had upon application. 



231 




NEW SBLVEDGING BAR STITCH 
AND FESTOON MACHINE. 



Stokes & Parrish Elevator Co. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




Hydraulic, Electric and Steam Power Passenger and 
Freight Elevators. 

The firm of Stokes & Parrish began business in 1873, as 
manufacturers of general machinerj', at Twenty-third and 
Wood Streets, and in the course of their business at that 
time, having secured the contract for erecting a passenger 
elevator (an industry then in its infancy) and so successfully 
carrying out the same, the demand for elevators rapidly 
became an important factor in their business ; so rapidly, in 
fact, that they were obliged the following year to remove to 
larger and more commodious shops at Thirtieth and Chestnut 
Streets, and to organize the Stokes & Parrish Machine Co. 
Their elevators meeting with such approval, and the 
business increasing rapidly, in 1 888 they practically abandoned 
the manufacture of general machinery, devoting themselves 
exclusively to the elevator business, reorganizing the concern 
into the Stokes & Parrish Elevator Co., and since that time 
have been devoting themselves to the perfection of this 
class of machinery, specimens of which can be seen in most 
of the prominent buildings in this city, and large numbers 
in New York, Baltimore, Brooklyn and all the other larp;e 
cities of the country. 

Prominent among the plants erected by them in 
Philadelphia are : The new Terminal Station of the Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad, Broad Street; Reading Terminal, Twelfth 
and Market Streets ; Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. ; 
Bullitt Building ; Provident L,ife and Trust Building ; Mutual 
Life Insurance Co. of New York ; Land Title and Trust Co. ; 
Manufacturers' Club ; Mercantile Club ; Strawbridge & 
Clothier ; Cooper & Conard (now Gimbel Bros.) ; Darlington, 
Runk&Co.; Hood, Foulkrod & Co. ; Drexel Building, and 
the new Girls' Normal School, Thirteenth and Spring Garden 
Streets . 

The Philadelphia Bourse will be fitted out with ten 

large elevators manufactured by this company, also the new Odd Fellows' Hall, Broad and Cherry Streets. 

The fact that this company has for twenty years been devoting itself to the perfection of elevators, and 

nave constructed many hundreds now in successful operation will insure to customers the good work 

which can only be obtained through such a large and exhaustive experience. 

The illustration herewith depicts the most advanced mechanism for operating elevators by 

electricity, as manufactured by this company. 

Main Office : Bullitt Building, Philadelphia. 

New York Office : 136 Liberty Street. 

Bartlett, Hayward & Co., Agents, Baltimore, Md. 

Works : Thirtieth and Che.-.tnut Streets, Philadelphia. 



232- 




The riorse Elevator Works. 



Morse, Williams & Co., Incorporated. 



This establishment has long ranked among the larger concerns of Philadelphia, having been conducted 
as a partnership until last season, when it was incorporated, the title of the firm name, Morse, Williams 
& Co., being retained. The manufacturing plant is located at Frankford Avenue, Wildey and Shacka- 
maxon Streets, in the Eighteenth Ward, and is conveniently reached by either the Third Street cars or 
those on Girard Avenue. The principal office of the company is also at the works. The series of 
buildings devoted to the business of constructing elevators has a firontage upon Wildey Street of nearly 
400 feet. They are divided into the machinery, blacksmithing and woodworking departments, each of 
the numerous rooms being equipped with all the machines and appliances required in the work of 
uniting wood and metal into the various parts of the modern first-class freight and passenger elevator. 
This concern claims to build more freight elevators than any house in the United States. They 
build all kinds of steam, belt and hand-power elevators for freighting, with automatic hatch doors, 
gates, etc., and they are now building an addition to accommodate the increasing demand for their 
electric and hydraulic high-speed passenger elevators. About 175 men are employed in the shops and 
the work of adjusting elevators to buildings. A special feature 
of the machinery connected with the Morse, Williams & Co. 
elevators is the improved Hindley worm gearing, which 
obviates, by increasing the bearing surface pf the gear, the 
danger of breakage. The exhibit of this concern at the Colum- 
bian Exposition won the prize medal. Offices are maintained 
by the company in addition to the home office at the works, at 
19 Pearl Street, Boston; 38 Cedar Avenue, Allegheny City; 
425 Spruce Street, Scranton, Pa. ; 108 Eiberty Street, New 
York; 82 Church Street, New Haven; 714 Omaha Building, 
Chicago; 27 West Third Street, Cincinnati, and Builders' 
Exchange, Baltimore. The officers of the company are Edwin 
F. Morse, President; G. R. Rebmann, Vice-President, and 
■ Carlton M. Williams, Secretary and Treasurer. 




Merchant Tailoring in Philadelphia. 



John B. Morley & Co. 

Merchant Tailors. 
Custom Tailoring Exclusively, 

Nos. 730 and 732 CHESTNUT STREET, CORNER OF EIGHTH. 



This house has always been in close touch with 
the substantial business elements of the cit}', a 
condition happily acquired originally from their 
predecessors, George A. Castor & Co., and care- 
fully fostered by an accurate appreciation of the 
preferences of commercial and professional citi- 
zens, among whom their reputation for taste and 
judgment is accepted as infallible. 

The firm was established in 1877, opening 
at 730 Chestnut Street. In 1880, the business 
having largely increased, the adjoining four-story 
building at the corner of Eighth Street was added, 
giving floor space of over 20,000 square feet for 
salesrooms, offices, workshops, etc. The force 
now employed^ — cutters, tailors, salesmen and 
clerks, numbers two hundred persons. 

With the great increase in their facilities, 
an effort was made with flattering success, to 
attract the trade of young men, who make a 
point of being alwaj'S an fait \n habiliment. To 
this class the house has long offered excellent, 
stylishly made goods at ven^ moderate prices, a shade or nothing above the ready-made article, 
sending home the completed work in the shortest possible space of time. They now lead the local 
trade in this field of tailoring. They carry the largest and most varied stock of woolens for men's wear, 
and conduct the most extensive business, devoted exclusively to custom tailoring in the city. 

In addition to the large local patronage, the house sends goods to wearers in all sections of the 
United States, Central and South America, from grades at the lowest possible price at which clothing 
can be made to order, to those of the finest quality and finish. 

A specialty is made of armj'' and navy uniforms, and liveries of all descriptions. 
The buildings are lighted throughout by electricity, the workshops are equipped with the best 
machinery, and the several departments are organized to produce the highest possible results with 
economy, skill and taste. 

Correspondence, with inquirers at a distance, is especially desired. 




234 





atering and 

Restau ranting. 






\j- 



The Philadelphia business man who wishes 
to entertain at lunch his customer from the 
West or his friend from New York or Boston, has at com- 
mand the resources of several cafes not surpassed in quality 
of service by any in the world of the cuisine. These noonday 
in distinct centres of business, and each has its clientele of 



rallying places are located conveniently 
patrons . 

Soulas' Rathskeller, Betz Building. 

From the date of its opening, upon the completion of the splendid and lofty Betz building, upon 
Broad Street, above Chestnut, and opposite the Public Buildings, the new Rathskeller conducted by 
Mr. Chas. W. Soulas has been considered one of the sights of the town. It is the most elaborate and 
artistically embellished establishment of its kind in the United States. Entrances lead from both Broad 
Street and South Penn Square opening immediately into a large room, which is really one of the leading 
social exchanges of the city. Two sides are occupied respectively by a superb bar richly decorated 
with carvings, mirrors and all approved accessories, and a grill counter with ranges and a staff of 
skilled cooks always actively employed. A pretty side room is -devoted to the purposes of a ladies' 
dining room. The gallery beneath the broad footway, a few steps lower, is furnished also as a lunching 
place for both gentlemen and ladies, always well lighted and ventilated, decorated with effective paintings 
in oil appropriate to the scene, and provided with both American and foreign journals. 

The leading feature, however, is found still below, where the medieval baronial hall of the Raths- 
keller is placed, every detail of which, mural paintings, elk horn chandeliers, richly embellished 
tankards, chairs and tables, suggest forcibly a tourist visit to the historic wine cellars of some ancient 
city of the Rhine. Soulas' Rathskeller is typical of our cosmopolitan character as a home city for 
many prosperous nationalities. 

Wiener's Cafe in the Builders' Exchange. 

One of the most popular midday resorts in the city is the roomy apartment located upon the 
fourth floor of the Builders' Exchange building, upon Seventh Street above Chestnut, conducted by 
Mr. Jacob Wiener. It is reached by elevator from the ground floor, upon which the Builders' Exchange 
permanent exhibition of building materials is located. This display is constantly visited by numerous 
strangers, as well as citizens, who find in the cafe above a most agreeable lunching place with social 
or business acquaintances. It is the regular daily dining place with many leading merchants, and a 
favorite with ladies while down town on shopping errands. The service is either table dlwte or a la 
carte, as desired. The furnishing of the cafe is bright and attractive, the staff of attaches carefully 
chosen, the menu is always varied and tempting, and the elevated location insures comfort to guests 
in even the heat of midsummer. 

In the vicinity of this establishment are many of the most interesting of our local features. 
Immediately opposite is the Franklin Institute. In the same block the site of the fuilding in which 
the Declaration of Independence was written. A little more than a square distant is Independence 
Hall and Square, and Washington Square. Any section of the City may be reached upon cars of the 
various lines passing within a block. 

Mr. Wiener is also largely engaged in the catering business, a branch for which he has abundant 
facilities. The large number of important public occasions and private festive events which he provides 
with edibles and wines during the year being a guarantee of his success and popularity with the public. 



235 



Reisser's Caf^ and Rathskeller, 

Mr. Chas. H. Reisser occupies three floors of a building upon Fifth Street above Chestnut, long 
famed among Philadelphians. The first floor is devoted to the bar and lunch counter ; upon the second 
floor are a series of beautifully arranged dining rooms, with tables reserved for ladies who daily lunch 
here in large numbers, being arranged with Japanese screens, which have the effect of semi-privacy. The 
especial feature of the establishment is its original Rathskeller, located as its name indicates, below the 
main floor, and in which the quaintness of the ancient German meeting place of the civic fathers is 
accurately reproduced. The grotesque carvings, quotations, artistic jugs and every detail are in strong 
contrast with the hum-drum life of the street from, which one enters. The great Reisser game exhibit 
made in the Winter holiday season, to which the nimrods of the whole continent contribute, and the 
Spring trout exhibit, are "fixtures" which Philadelphia looks for and appreciates annually. It 
should be noted that many great dinners are given in the evening at Reisser's during the season, attended 
by the most exclusive elements of both sexes in the city. Social and secret societies, judicial, business and 
professional organizations often dine here. A distinct business is conducted at this establishment in the 
retail sale of fine wines and liquors, which probably exceeds in volume that of any other dealer in the city. 
The completion of the splendid Bourse building opposite, will make this permanently one of the most 
largely patronized establishments in the city. 



Hires, Turner Glass Co. 

SUCCESSORS TO 

HIRES & CO. (Limited.) 

Importers, Dealers and Manufacturers of Window, Picture and Car Glass, 
Rough and Polished Plate Qlass, 

626 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 



CLASS 



The independence of Philadelphia in the important matter of obtaining 
from an adequate stock, any size or quality of glass within her own 
borders, is of recent accomplishment, and was inaugurated by this 
progressive house, which now takes the leading place in the business in 
this city. In the rear of the offices of this company, at 626 Arch 
Street, a large annex building is filled with an unequalled assortment of 
glass from which orders for either local or distant customers are immediately filled. The assortment 
kept in store includes polished plate, window, picture and car glass, beveled plate, plain and beveled 
mirrors, curved glass, and a rich line of stained and decorative glass. The best sources of supply, both 
foreign and American, are drawn upon, in addition to which the Hires, Turner Glass Co. own and 
operate the large plant at Ouinton, Salem County, N. J., where upwards of 150 skilled workmen make 
the now popular Quinton window and picture glass, the product reaching 3,000,000 feet annually, and 
much of which is shipped either by Vail or water, direct to purchasers, in all parts of New England, 
the Middle and Southern States. The vast amount of plate and sheet glass used in the construction 
of the two great railroad terminals of Philadelphia was furnished by this firm. 

The establishment originating in the firm composed of George and Charles Hires, has passed its 
thirtieth anniversary. 

The Hires, Turner Glass Co. issue practical , special pampnlets, defining the various qualities of 
standard glass, for the information of architects, builders and others, together with a description of 
the finishing of plate glass. 

The officers of the compaiiy are: George Hires, President; Charles Hires, Vice-Preside7it : 
John Turner, Secretary and Treasurer; William Pluiumsr, Jr., Assistant Secretary and Treasurer. 

236 



r.i+Litmil"' 




Cyrus Borgner, 



MANUFACTURER, PHILADELPHIA. 

Fire Bricks, Tiles and Clay Retorts. 



This establishment has been in existence nearly a quarter 
centur3^ its present owner having been one of its founders 
and the sole proprietor since 1891. During this long 
period the product of its kilns have gained a reputation 
for uniform excellence all over the country and in foreign 
sections. 

The plant includes an extended water front upon 
the Schuylkill River, and has the additional advantages 
of a siding from the tracks of the B. & O. R. R. The 
buildings consist of a two-story structure 80 x 205 feet, 
and an addition of 75 x 150 feet, fully equipped with 
all the appliances of a first-class plant. In addition to 
a large variety of standard sizes, special shapes are 
constantly made to order from plans. The product 
includes fire brick and clay retorts, tiles, fire clay, fire mortar, etc. The Borgner fire brick is in great 
demand for gas works, rolling mills, cupolas, furnaces, forges, lime and cement kilns. 

The various processes of grinding, moulding, drying, pressing, burning and finishing, are 
conducted with direct reference to the best results. A fine exhibit of the Borgner fire bricks, tiles 
and clay retorts, which received the highest award at the Columbian Exposition, may be seen at the 
Builders' Exchange in this city, with which Mr. Borgner is prominently identified. 





237 



The Otto Qas Engine Works. 



SCHLEICHER, SCHUMM & CO., Philadelphia. 




Among the younger industries 
of our country, which, like many 
other good things, have found 
birth in Philadelphia, and during 
subsequent growth coupled their 
fame with the name of our city, is 
the manufacture of Gas Engines. 
New York, Boston and other cities 
can show records of the attempts 
made to establish a similar manu- 
facture without success, but when 
ill 1S77 Mr. James Schleicher and 
his brother Adolphus W. Schleicher 
undertook the building of the Otto 
Gas Engines, in Philadelphia, they 
adhered to their purpose and plan 
through many unprofitable years, 
with the tenacity and patience char- 
acteristic to our Philadelphia peo- 
ple in such matters, fully confident 
that close study and frugal manage- 
ment would score a success, which 
capital often alone fails to secure. 
To-day the Otto Gas Engine, built at the Otto Gas Engine Works, Thirty-third and Walnut 
Streets, is known as the standard Gas Engine all over the bioad land, and should any one fail to recall 
the name of the engine he favors, he will never forget that it is the Philadelphia make which he wants. 
There are in the City of Philadelphia, scattered throughout the business portion of the town, 
to-day, not less than 500 Otto Engines in use, contributing to the revenues of the City Gas Works 
.aboLit $150,000 annually. From these figures it will be readily concluded that the Otto is quite a factor 
as prime mover among our numerous small industries, effecting a large saving to their users. 

The above illustration shows an Otto Gas Engine of modern design, of the stationary type, and 
known as "Columbian St3'le," havir.g obtained the highest award at the Columbian Exposition. 
The special features consist in the use of poppet valves, for admission of gas and air, instead of slide 
valves . These are placed in separate casings, which drop into pockets provided in the main cjdinder casting, 
and in this manner all valve seats can be replaced when worn, or readily removed for inspection or repair. 
The Otto Gas Engine Works are equipped with exceptionally good facilities in the way 
of machine tools, traveling cranes, etc., and the shops are noted for the cleanliness, system and 
discipline which rules in them. They turn out to-day not only Gas Engines but also Gasoline 
Engines for use in the country ; and the sizes of engines built by the Otto Works are much larger 
than they were but few years ago. They inc'.ude engines as large as 130 horse power, and such 
large sizes are specially in demand by gas companies engaged also in electric lighting ; by manu- 
facturers located in the Natural Gas Districts and those who can use liquid fuel (gasoline or naphtha) 
to better advantage than coal. The Otto Engines are built also as Marine Engines for boats, 
yachts, and again as Traction Engines, for use in the wheat section cf the northwest. The total 
capacity of the works reaches 800 engines per year, on which as high as 200 to 250 machinists 
find employment. 



238 



Columbian rietallic Railway Ties. 



An Invention for Safety, Economy and Profit. 




Section of IMetallic Bridge Sfiowing the Columbian Combination 
JNIetallic Tie and Guard Rail. 



Tlie unexampled development of American 
railroad motive machinery and rolling 
I stock, responding to the require- 
^^ nients of a vast and ever-increas- 
ing traffic, has constantly taxed 
the resources of the track-builders, 
who admit that wood is no longer a 
safe or economical component in the 
structure of a trackwaj^ intended for the 
passage of the ponderous locomotives and 
almost equally heavy cars already in use 
upon all principal lines of travel and 
shipment. 

Invention, ever alert, already offers 
a homogeneous form of construction 
entirely metallic, and invites the investigation of ever}' practical railroad official and progressive investor. 
The Columbian Metallic Railway Ties are introduced by. the American Railway Main- 
tenance Syndicate, having offices at nog, mo Betz Building, Philadelphia, where models may be seen 
and all information obtained. 

These ties are of steel, and require neither bolts, rivets nor keys. The bed-plates are one-fourth 
inch thick, and the tie-bars three-eighths inch thick. The bed plate of the main tie is twelve inches 
long, ten inches wide at the top, flaring to fifteen inches at the bottom, and cut away on inside to allow 
perfect tamping. The tie-bar is three inches high and four inches wide on the bottom ; the joint tie 
being a modification of the main line tie, having an increased bed-plate and two angled tie-bars. 

Two cheeks or lugs project from the bed-plate of the main line tie, and three from that of the 
joint tie, the centre lug being extra wide, to 
cover the joints, replacing the present treach- 
erous spike, and grasping the inside flange of 
the rail, where the greatest strain is imposed. 
The outside flange is held by the vertical 
angle of the tie-bar which passes through 
the bed-plate, and into which the rail is 

slotted. The ties are placed thirty inches apart, and number 2 112 to the mile, or slightly more than 
three-fourths the number of wooden ties for that distance. Main line ties weigh 85 to 90 lbs., and 
joint ties 120 to 125 lbs. Rigidity is secured without loss of elasticity. Lateral displacement becomes 
impossible. Cost of maintenance of way is reduced one-third. The life of the steel tie is estimated to 
be five times that of the wooden tie. The retaining power of the lugs upon the Columbian metallic 
bed plates is six times that of the spikes now used in fastening the rails to wooden ties. The Columbian 

Metallic Railway Tie is the only one capable 
of sustaining the loo-lb. rail and the transit of 
the I GO -ton locomotive which has j^et been 
devised. 

Columbian Combination 
Metallic Tie and Guard Rail. 







y 



^Z 



y 




<^^ 



'1) 



The Columbian Metallic Main Line or InLerniediate Tie. 





239 



F. B. Vandegrift & Co. 



Customs Brokers, Forwarders and Foreign Express. 




PHILADELPHIA s^ NEW YORK. 



0, 



T-' 



The ever increasing complexity of international commerce and the frequency of 
tariff changes in the United States has, within recent years, developed the 
vocation of the custom house broker into that of the trained expert, ready at all 
times to serve his numerous clients in mercantile and maritime pursuits, with 
safe and conclusive advice and assistance. This can only be accomplished 
through systematic compilation of all the past and present literature of the 
custom house, and by a special knowledge only acquired through long experience. 
The firm of F. B. Vandegrift & Co., of 50 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia, and 
27 William Street, New York, is widely known in this field, both as custom house brokers 
and general forwarders. Acting both for importers and exporters, this house defends 
the client against unwarrantable advance in valuations, protests against the illegal increase 
of duties, prosecutes claims for overcharges, collects amounts due by the customs depart- 
ment upon foreign goods manipulated here and exported, collects and remits 
accounts, furnishes lowest rates for storage, drayage, weighing, insurance, etc. ; 
forwards imports by rail to destination, either by freight or express, and in 
every way facilitates the movement of commodities to and from all parts of 
the world. F. B. Vandegrift & Co. is the only concern in Philadelphia 
appearing regularly before the Board of Appraisers in New York, and 
thereby enabled to advise customers promptly of any changes in rulings. 
This firm, through their agents, are able to transact Custom House 
business at any port in the United States, and through their correspondents 
are able to transact a forwarding business in any part of the world. 

So efficient has this firm become in the interpretation of the tarifl 
laws that their text book (which is in process of completion, and which will 
be published immediately on the tariff bill, now before Congress, becoming 
a law), will be the most complete work of the kind ever given to the public. 
It will not only give the tariff law in full, but also a full digest of the 
articles by trade name, with decisions ; a full digest of the law on the 
administration of the Customs service ; a comprehensive guide to obtain 
draw-back on exported articles manufactured from imported material , as well as much other information 
invaluable to both exporter and importer. 

Their monthly circular, which is widely consulted, includes sailing days of all the Trans- 
Atlantic Steamers, close of foreign mails, foreign tariffs on money and valuables, and general 
instructions to shippers by land or sea. 

While foreign accounts are solicited, duties and charges paid, advances made, and a general 

import and export business conducted by 
this house, it should be noted that they 
are tioi commission merchants. 

The cable addresses are " Vangrift, 
Philadelphia," and " Amistad, New York." 




5^4^^^ 





240 



The Reading Railroad. 




The annals of this great railway' may be said to constitute the history of 
Philadelphia's system of land transportation. Having its inception more 
than sixty j'ears ago, it has ever borne a conspicuous and important 
part in the quickening and development of Philadelphia's commercial 
and industrial activities, and in the general prosperity of the great 
territory tributary to that city. 

Regardless of the mutations and vicissitudes which, in common 
with other railway's, it has undergone during its long career, it has 
ever been progressive, ever a leader, ever mindful of its obligations to the people ; 
and it now furnishes facilities for travel and for traffic that are not surpassed by those 
of any transportation enterprise in this or other lauds. Its freight lines and connections, 
reaching to the remotest borders of the Continent, provide an unrivalled channel for the interchange of 
products and commodities, with quickness, certainty and cheapness. Its passenger traffic service has 
been brought to a degree of perfection which renders the " Royal Reading Railroad Routes" a 
synonym of all that is excellent in travel — a model for the railways of the world. Substantial con- 
struction, careful maintenance and vigilant inspection render its roadway the finest extant, while safety 
is further guaranteed bj^ the employment of the most approved devices for the protection of its tracks 
and trains, and their operation by the highest skill obtainable. Its car equipment is generally conceded 
to represent the convenience, comfort and luxury of modern travel in its highest development. 

The Reading Railroad's most prominent routes are "The Roj-al Blue Line," between Phila- 
delphia and New York ; ' ' The Royal Route to the Sea', ' ' reaching Atlantic City ; the Reading-X,ehigh 
Vallej' "Scenic Route," to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Chicago and the West; and the multiplicity of 
main and branch roads extending, gridiron-like, over all portions of Eastern, Central and Southern 
Pennsylvania. 

Eminent authorities have pronounced "The Royal Blue Line" to be the most perfectly 
constructed and superbly equipped piece of railroad in America. It approaches an air line as nearly as 
the topography of the country will permit ; and the absence of curves and heavy grades enables the 
running of trains at the highest speed with entire safety. The trains are marvels of elegance and 
magnificence. They are vestibuled from end to end, steam-heated, and illuminated with the Pintsch 
light. The parlor, buffet, dining and sleeping cars are those of the Pullman's Palace Car Company. 
A feature of paramount importance is the absolute safety of " The Royal Blue Line " trains, the cars 
being not only vestibuled, but also further protected by an infallible anti-telescoping device. The 
fastest trains between New York, Philadelphia and Washington are run via this line, the time between 
New York and Philadelphia being two hours, and five hours between the Metropolis and the Capital. 
The Philadelphia terminus, the great Reading Terminal Station, is in the very heart of the cit}', while 
the station in New York, at the foot of Liberty Street, North River, is most conveniently situated, 
being accessible from all portions of the city by the elevated system and surface car lines. 

A conspicuous and pleasing feature of travel on the Reading Railroad is the absence of dust, 
smoke and cinders. The roadbed is ballasted with clean broken stone and iron-slag. The locomotives 
are fueled exclusively with hard, anthracite coal, which burns without emitting cinders, gases or 
smoke. This is an advantage which no experienced traveler fails to appreciate. Another noticeable and 
agreeable feature of the Reading lines is the imiform courtesy and attentiveness of the station and train 
officials and employes. In a word, "The Reading" offers every facility and accommodation 
demanded by the extreniest exactions of end-of-the-century transportation. 

In all cities and important towns throughout the United States and Canada through tickets 
and baggage checks ma^^ be obtained via the Reading Railroad Routes. 



241 







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2J2 



The Novelty Electric Company, Philadelphia. 




"Everything Electrical." 

No other element ministering 
to the good of mankind has ever 
proven such a versatile servant as 
electricity, nor one so speedily in- 
dispensable in the economy of our 
ever}' day affairs. It brings far dis- 
tant friends together, transports us 
swiftly to and fro, illumines the dark 
places, stands guard over our sleep 
and wakens us in the morning. It 
is used in countless departments of 
science and medicine, in the arts of 
peace and war. Ever since the da}' 
when Franklin wooed the lightning 
with his storied kite in a Phil adelphia 
field, invention has been taxed to 
provide the mechanism of elevitrical 
application, each successive discov- 
ery in electric science opening new 
lines of effort for the skilled me- 
chanic and experimentalist. 
' ' Everything electrical ' ' includes a great variety of appliances and their parts, and in Philadelphia 

the Novelty Electric Company leads in the manufacture and importation 

of goods of this sort. 

The offices, salesroom and factory of this concern, which was a 

pioneer in this business, having been established in 1883, are at 50, 52 and 

54 North Fourth Street, within a stone-toss of the grave of Benjamin 

Franklin. 

The extensive catalogue of the Novelty Electric Company includes 

all descriptions of batteries, burners, lighting keys, push buttons, call 

bells, ornamental door pushes, gong bells, speaking tubes, annunciators, 

switches, window and door springs, porcelain and glass insulators, pins 

and brackets, linemen's tools, construction material of every sort, electric 

light material, testing instruments, watchmen's clocks and registers, 

medical batteries, dynamos and motors, electrical toy motors, telegraph 

instruments, storage batteries, wind indicators, insulated wire and cable, 

telegraph and telephone wire, electric turn-tables for show windows, etc. 

A late improvement is indicated upon this page in the Acme watchman's 

time detector, which is a perfect magneto-electric register for mills, 

factories and public buildings where watchmen are employed. This 

apparatus requires no battery, a current of electricity being generated by 

the magneto everjr time the watchman turns the handle at the station. 

It never fails ; requires no replenishment or attention. 

An extensive list of scientific, mechanical and electrical books will 

be mailed to persons applying, from which selections may be made and 

books ordered. 

243 




ACME TIME DETECTOR, 
With Office Regulator Time Cloct. 




Wm. Sellers & Company, Incorporated^ 



Makers of flachine Tools. 




The making of machinery, the purpose of whicli is to facilitate the production of other 
machines and which is classed as " machine tools," is a comparatively modern subdi- 
vision of engineering. The term in its present broad spplication includes all 
machines that work or shape metal : steam hammers, hydraulic forging machines, 
riveting, punching and shearing machines, turning lathes and drill presses. The 
perfection, accuracy and durability of all forms of machinery employed in the 
arts of peace or war are due primariljr to the equally perfect machine tools 
now used in their construction. In this field of special work the firm of 
Bancroft & Sellers, organized in 1848, of which the present great concern of 
Wm. Sellers & Co., Incorporated, are the successors, were pioneers. Located at first in Kensington 
they soon removed to the site still occupied by their works at Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets and 
Pennsylvania Avenue, adjoining the Reading Railroad, the whole now covering a space of five acreSv 
Upon the demise of the senior partner, in 1S55, the business passed into the hands of William and 
John Sellers, Jr., and subsequently others long associated with the business were admitted to the 
partnership. In 1886 the house was incorporated. The history of the establishment runs parallel 
with the wonderful progress of invention in America, and has made the name of Sellers & Co. famous 
and created a demand for its numerous special machines in all civilized countries. 

In addition to its principal business already indicated, the firm has long engaged in making 
railroad turn-tables for locomotives and pivot bridges, shafting, couplings, hangers and pulleys for 
the transmission of power, introducing new and lasting improvements into the construction of all of 
these mechanical appliances, which have brought them into universal use, and compelling such enco- 
miums from the experts upon the British Commission at the Vienna Exposition, that they denominated 
this firm as the " Whitworth's of America." It may be proper to say that at Vienna, Paris, and 
all subsequent expositions of an international character. Sellers &: Co.'s machLnery has invariably 
won the highest honors. 

244 




F. Pulaski & Co. 

DEALERS IN PICTURES AND PICTURE FRAMES, 

Frames Hade to Order a Specialty. 

724 Chestnut Street. 

Branch. 1619 Columbia Avenue. 



^. 'I 



The perfection of artistic yet cheap methods of reproducing famous 
paintings within recent years, together with the wide diffusion of art 
education, has advanced the taste of the public immeasurably, and 
now no home is well furnished which does not bear upon its walls 
etchings, photo-graveures, water colors or oil paintings from the hands 
of artists of recognized standing. With this vast demand for pictures 
the companion art of the frame maker has kept pace, and the variety 
of beautiful combinations now available for encasing domestic art 
treasures is as wide as the taste of the most critical purchaser could 
demand. Among artists, dealers and the Philadelphia public generally 
the name of Pulaski & Co. is recognized as a leading concern in the 
manufacture and sale of picture frames. This firm conducts both a 
wholesale and retail business. The principal store, at 724 Chestnut Street always attracts the notice 
of the art-loving passer-by, the entire building being devoted to the business of frame making and to 
a large and varied stock of fine engravings, reproductions, paintings and art novelties. Only first-class 
work is undertaken, and the trade of the house extends all over the country. A branch store is main- 
tained with a complete stock for the convenience of up-town patrons, at 1619 Columbia Avenue. 

The firm has been in existence about ten years, and consists of Messrs. F. Pulaski and E. Title- 
baum, the latter also being manager of the firm's large dry goods business at Cuthbert, Georgia. 
Visitors in the city will always find at the Pulaski stores many pictures worthy of careful study. 



Alfred N. Chandler & Co. 



m'^ 







Offices: 147 South Fourth Street, 

Have had many years' successful experience in and make a specialty of 
financiering all kinds of meritorious enterprises. They devote particular attention 
to the organization and consolidation of corporations from their inception to 
final completion, including the permanent placing of the various securities 
amongst their extended circle of clients. This enables them to offer to both 
the investor and vendor the double advantage of transactions at first hands. 

They are devoting themselves largely to foreign business matters, for 
which they have unusual facilities and are fully competent to successfully 
carry on negotiations of any magnitude. 



2451 






Hood, Foulkrod & Co. 



IN reviewing the immense business enterprises tliat have been 
built up in this city within the last century, and those which 
contribute to the greatest extent in supplying the actual 
necessities of the people, and at the same time help keep 
Philadelphia prominently before the business world, the 
firm of Hood, Foulkrod & Co., importers and jobbers of 
dry goods, notions, etc., at the south-west corner of Eleventh and 
Market Streets, should have the first consideration. This great 
firm holds the leading position in its particular line in the city, and it 
io one of the largest in the country. 

The history of Hood, Foulkrod & Co. dates back as far as JS23, 
when the late Samuel Hood, father of the present senior member of 
the iirm, commenced the dry goods business, in Philadelphia, in a 
small way under the name of Hood & Co. The business prospered, 
and, from a small beginning, continued to increase until 1S60, when 
the liim became Hood, Bonbright & Co., James Eonbright being 
admitted as a member. The business steadily increased until 1S64, 
when they were compelled to take larger quarters, and moved to 
529 Market Street. In 1872 it was again found that more room was 
necessary to meet the demands of their growing business, in conse- 
quence of which the late Thomas Powers built for their use the 
stores at Sii, 813 and S15 Market Street, which was at that time 
considered one of the finest mercantile buildings in the country. 
But the business still continued to grow, and in 1SS6 even larger 
quarters being required, the firm made arrangements with the 
Board of City Trusts for the erection by the Girard Estate of the 
handsome structure they now occupy at the corner of Eleventh and 
Market Streets. 

The splendid building in which this immense business is trans- 
acted is considered one of the show places of the city, and it is 
without doubt one of the handsomest and largest in use in the whole- 
sale dry goods business in the country. It is entirely of iron, six 
stories high, being one hundred and forty feet from the pavement 
to the top of the tower. The dimensions of the building are i5o feet 



front on Market Street, iSo feet on Eleventh Street, 160 feet on Girard 
Street, and iSo feet on West Street — the latter being a private street from 
which the house does all its shipping. The basement is used for 
domestic dry goods ; the first floor is devoted exclusively to dress 
goods, in which can be found all the different fabrics of foreign and 
domestic manufacture, from the low^est price cotton goods up to the 
finest silks made ; the second floor is devoted to hosiery, uuderw-ear, 
gloves, and notions; the third floor to linens, white goods, laces, and 
upholstery goods ; the fourth floor to hosiery and underwear exclu- 
sively ; the fifth floor to sample room, together with storage room; 
the sixth floor is the packing and shipping room. Ever}' convenience 
that can possibly be thought of for transacting a large business with 
dispatch can be found in this building. 

Here can be seen daily a great army of clerks and salesmen who 
are busy carrying out the details of the various departments, and 
helping along the wheels in the machinery of a great business which 
is the pride and glory of the City of Philadelphia. In addition to the 
large staff in the main establishment, the firm's buyers either reside 
in or visit every large citj' and emporium in the world, and it also has 
oflSces at 8S White Street, New York, at Market and Monroe Streets, 
Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, San Francisco, and No. 23 Theater 
Strasse, Chemnitz, Saxony. 

The present firm is composed of Thomas G. Hood, who for forty 

years has been at the head of the jobbing dry goods business in 

Philadelphia; William W. Foulkrod, who has been actively engaged 

in the wholesale notion business for the past twenty years, and who is 

prominently connected with the leading commercial organizations of 

Philadelphia ; Uriah G. Fo.x, who has spent all his life in the wholesale 

dry goods business, and who was formerly a member of the old 

Hood, Bonbright & Co. firm ; Barton F. Blake, who has charge of the 

financial part of the business, and who was formerly superintendent 

of The Bradstreet Agency, and later, financial manager of John 

Wanamaker's business ; and John Wanamaker, who is the special 

partner. 

— Taken from Philadelphia and Popular Fhiladc.'f'hians, 



246 



John Condon & Co. 



MERCHANT TAILORS, 



CHESTNUT STREET. 




With a reputation developed through the most careful attention to the details of a 
growing business, covering a period of seventeen years, this firm has a well-earned 
patronage for exclusively custom-made apparel among the most desirable classes of 
purchasers. During its existence it has occupied the same site upon Philadelphia's 
most popular thoroughfare. 

Messrs. John Condon & Co. aim to supply patrons with clothing of the most 

correct styles and best goods at moderate prices. They wisely recognized the fact, 

long ago, that while men of exacting tastes might continue to purchase garments to 

r-^-— measure at liberal prices, in order to hold the general buyer, whose preference for 

custom-made goods was not decided, it would be expedient to offer carefully made and 

stylish goods at a small advance only, above the widely advertised ready-made article. In adhering to 

this idea they have steadily increased their line of customers each year. 

Probably at no time in the history of civilization have masculine garments been fashioned with 
so much regard to fit, convenience and common sense as now ; and certainly in no time or age has the 
inducement to the wearer or his opportunity for selection been so favorable as at the present. This 
house turns out no "misfits," a suit from " Condon's " is invariably up to date in every particular. 



Henry H. Sheip & Co. 



Manufacturers of Cigar Boxes, Dealers in Cigar Box Lumber, etc., etc. 



The factory of this concern, which is the principal firm in 
the trade, is upon Randolph Street, above Columbia 
Avenue. The heavy stock of lumber, principally cedar 
and poplar, is stored chiefly under roof upon the opposite 
side of the street, the capacity being 1,000,000 feet. In 
addition to the leading item of cigar boxes, a wide variety 
of fancy wood boxes and cases are made for syringe, surgi- 
^^StS-^'-^S^^^^^^^^^^^^''^^'^** cal, dental, electrical, mercantile and domestic uses. In the 

accurate and economical production of these wooden boxes a 
great deal of ingenious machinery is used, reducing manual 
work to a minimum. The factory is a fine five-story building, 
90 X 100 feet in dimensions. The industry was launched in 
1S76, and in 1881 Mr. Harrison Landis became a partner. From 275 to 300 hands are employed, and the 
output of cigar boxes alone is about 60,000 per week. A feature of the boxes is the lock corner. 
Hardware, shelf and confectioners' boxes, reels, frames, small woodwork, mouldings, moulds and 
presses for cigar makers, band sawing and planing are features of the business. Cigar makers' supplies, 
including ribbons and labels, are kept in stock to suit all customers. 




247 




illiiilil 

iiiiin 

ifiiiii 
0m 




Geo. S. Harris & Sons, 

Printers and Lithographers, 

718, 720, 722 and 724 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 




iHE ' ' art preservative of all arts ' ' is most adequately represented in 
Philadelphia by the great printing house of Geo. S. Harris & Sons, 
^occupying an extensive building of seven floors especially erected for the 
"purpose, at 718, 720, 722, 724 Arch Street. The business of which the 
present extensive plant and trade is the reiult was commenced some fifty 
years ago at the southeast corner Fourth and Vine Streets. The first 
building occupied was replaced, in time, by a substantial brick structure 
which soon proved inadequate to accommodate a rapidly increasing patron- 
age. This resulted in the erection of the present establishment, which is 
^•' devoted to the highest grades of lithographic and letter-press printing, the beauty and 
originality of which has made this house famous wherever artistic work is appreciated. 

The present business is locally unrivalled in the production of first-class letter press work, this 
volume being an example, and in originality of design, perfection of press work and facilities of all 
kinds in this branch of manufacture, it is not surpassed by any concern either in America or Europe. 
The best obtainable artistic talent is regularly engaged. All the reproductive methods in which photog- 
raphy intervenes in the making of plates and etchings are adopted. The work done in its embossing 
department is admittedly the finest in the world. 

A wide variety of orders from the leading advertisers of the country is always to be found in the 
hands of the artists and printers. 



248 



The Philadelphia Drug Exchange. 



By L. Hassell Lapp. 



fc. 







^'^- 



3r x_. 



1;. 


% 




w 




1 



The Philadelphia Drug Exchange was organized in Jan- 
uary, 1861, and became an incorporated body April 5, 
1862. It ranks as second, in point of age, among the 
numerous commercial bodies of that character now in 
active existence in Philadelphia. Previous to its organ- 
ization a class of merchants, representing a very large 
invested capital, and doing a business of millions of dol- 
lars annually, were deprived of the facilities now afforded 
for the purchase and sale of drugs, chemicals, etc., and 
the more intimate personal contact of the trade now 
enabling them to work systematically for the protection 
of the individual and united interests of the drug trade. 

For over thirty years the ' ' Exchange ' ' has occu- 
pied a comfortable suite of rooms in the unpretentious 
building, No. 17 South Third Street, and daily, at the hours of meeting, there are in attendance 
numbers of our best and most intelligent citizens who are engaged in the manufacture, importing, or 
sale of drugs, chemicals, and allied products, connected with the wholesale drug trade. The Philadel- 
phia Drug Exchange is about the only independent exchange, having for its sole purpose the fostering 
of the drug trade, in the United States. A few of the larger cities have a drug department, or section, 
connected with their general commercial exchanges, but they are subservient to the main body. 
Realizing the character of its members, and the experience gained in many contests, both with 
the National and State Legislative bodies on the side of right and justice, it is easy to understand 
the extent of its influence, which to-day is felt wherever directed. Quoting from a late report: " No 
more solid proof of the value of the Exchange to its members can be adduced than the fact that for 
three decades it has been the channel through which its members have sought relief from either 
threatened or accomplished legislative enactments ; and to the honor ot the body it can be truly said 
that the trade of the city has been greatly benefited by reason of the readiness of the Exchange to 
give effective direction to needful measures of protection to the interests of each and every branch of 
business represented in its membership." 

Its usefulness, however, as a commercial body, has not been limited to apparent selfish considera- 
tions, for it has ever been active in all philanthropic efforts, and has sought to be a participant in the large 
funds raised for Chicago sufferers by fire, yellow fever sufferers in the South, Plymouth victims of the 
mine horrors. Grant Memorial Funds, and Johnstown flood sufferers, Russia in her famine trial, in all 
of which cases thousands of dollars were raised and distributed. 

The Philadelphia Drug Exchange occupies a position almost without a parallel in other trade 
interests, the large proportion of the business conducted by its members being of such a nature that it 
is controlled by many moral, legal, and physical considerations that are not pertinent to other trades. 
It is hedged with national, state and municipal restrictions and requirements. It commands an intelli- 
gence for its proper conduct far above the average necessary for other mercantile pursuits, in which 
the risk of life and health is fully as great. The Philadelphia Drug Exchange has been, is now, and 
always will be, we trust a foremost champion in everything that will tend to promote the good of our 
fellow men in general, and that of our city and trade in particular. 



249 



J. S.Thorn Co. 

ARCHITECTURAL 

Sheet rietal 

WORKS 

No. 1223 to 1233 Callowhill Street 
Philadelphia, Pa. 



The IManufacturers' 

^ 1 National Bank 




Manufacturers of 

Copper aud Galvanized Iron 

CORNICES 

aud 

BUILDING TRIMMINGS 

of any design 



Skylights and Structures of 

IRON and GLASS, 

METALLIC CEILINGS, 

METAL SHINGLES, 

and heavy and light 

Sheet Iron Work of every 

description 




Capital, $750,000 
Surplus, $150,000 



President 

Wm. H. Heisler 

Cashier 

Samuel Campbell 



Directors 
Wm. H. Heisler 
John W. Moffly 
W. E. S. Baker 
Daniel Sutter 
Thomas C. Else 
Henry P. Brown 
Sam'l H. Austin, Jr. 
Isaac Schlichter 
Edward Wolf 



G. G. GREEN, 
President. 



L. HASSELL LAPP, 
General Manager and Treasurer. 



Lapp L/rug Company of Hhiladelphia 



Nos. 206 and 208 Market Street 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



M 



anufa6luring 

■^Jobbing 



Druggists 



PROPRIETORS OF 



Lapp's Liquid Silver Cleaner 

Hassell's Easy to Take Worm Syrup 

Bennett's Embrocation 

Durham Horse and Cattle Powder 



PHIL.AlDELPHIA DEPOT FOR 

Lincoln Lithia Water 
Borthen's Norway Cod Liver Oil 



CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 



250 



Works. Oamden.RJ. o"" "ESTERBROOk 



Office. 26 John St. N.Y. 00 STEEL PENS. ,.' 




HERMAN BECKER 



The Oldest and Largest Manufacturers in America. 



THOMAS C. TAYLOR, JR. 



Established 1850 



1 he Philadelphia 1 russ Co. 



Awarded 

GOLD MEDAL 
AT New Orleans, 18S5 




Manufacturers of 



The 



/^HAMPION 

Truss 

Patented Sept. 21, 1875 and iSSo 



SDPPLTED 
TO THE U. S. GOVERNMENT 




Awarded 

SPECIAL MEDAL 

AT Centennial, 1S76 




Also Makers of 

Hard Rubber Trusses 

Elastic Stockings 

and Supporters 

CRUTCHES tP SUSPENSORIES 



610 LOCUST ST. 
Philadelphia, Pa., u. s. a. 

p. O. Box 1307 



McCallum & McCallum 




IVlanufacturers and 
J^ealers in- 



arpets 



Kug5, Etc. 



IOI2 and 1014 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 

I and 3 Union Square - - - NCW York 



New Glen Echo Mills 

WAYNE JUNCTION 



352 



gurpee's 5^^fis Qrow 



Extract from a three- 
column article in the 
Philadelphia "Inquirer" 
of March iSth, iSgs. 



t^i>^ ^^fc^ ... ,.iqu 

dlI attending to other corrospondence. 
It is one of the astoniahins things 
about the fiiip o( W. Atlee Burpee & 
Co. that it has built up in seeds one of the 
largest mail, express and freight busi- 
nesses of any kind in the United States. 
During the months of FeDruary, March 
and April its mail is the heaviest of any 
firm in the counti'y, and its order-bopJ*^ 
sliow that it keepsSn touch with inefS sec- 
tions of fhis and other caiynfries than 
any other firm known. ♦'It took years of 
the hardest kind of work aud personal $2 
energy to bring about this state of 
things, but popular prejudice against 
the use of the malls lor purchasing was 
finally overcome, and ' this, combined 
with the gradually acquired certainty in 
tile public mipd that seeds l>ought from 
Buirjee would le seeds that would grow, 
Bulliced to make the firm what it Is to- 
d!>y— the unlciua house of its kind In the. 
world- ^«pj 



*Our order books show 
customers at 56,830 sep- 
arate post oMces, in the 
United States alone. 



The Largest Mail Order Trade in the World 



WAREHOUSES : 

475 and 477 North Fifth Street 

476 and 478 York Avenue 
PHILADELPHIA 



SEED GARDENS & TRIAL GROUNDS: 

DOYLESTOWN, 

Bucks County, Pennsylvania. 





CAPITAL 

$500,000 

SURPLUS 
AND UNDIVIDED PR0FIT3 

$200,000 



PRESIDENT 
RICH.-VRD L. AUSTIN 

VICE-PRESIDENT 

GEORGE W. BL.4BON 

CaSHIER 

THEO. E. WIEDERSHEIM 



directors 
Jacob G. DeTdrck 
William B. Scott 
philip jagode 
Simon B. Fleisher 
Geo. Fales Baker, M, 
John Sailer 
James F. Suhivan 
Chaklfs H, Duncan 
George \V. Bremer 
Charles J. Harrah 
George W. Blabon 
Richard L. Austin 
Nicholas LenniS 




We Want Your Patronage 




In Oak or Walnut, $5.00 



OTHERS waut it just as badly, you say. Why 
should you give it to us? Simply because 
it is to your advantage to do so, in this wise • 
We are manufacturers, doing all our own work, in 
our own building. In buying from us you save the 
profit of the middle man. Our facilities for Engrav- 
ing, Lithographing, Printing and Blank Book making 
are unequaled by any house in Philadelphia. 

COUNTING HOUSE 
STATIONERY 

OP EVERY DESCRIPTION AT THE MOST 
MODERATE COST 




Copying Press, $2.50 




Banks and Corporations will find 
it to their advantage to request our 
estimate on their supplies. 

We have the shop right for 
Philadelphia to manufacture 
FREY'S PATENT 
FLAT-OPENING 
BLANK BOOK. 



Positively the Best Flat Opening Book Made 

An enormous line of all kinds and sizes 
of Books in stock, ready for imme- 
diate delivery. All sold by 
our IOC Page System, 
which means a saving 
of 25 per cent, to you. 




Imperial Files, 30c. each 
$3.50 a dozen. 




Wm. H. Hoskins 



Manufacturing Stationer 
Blank Book Maker 
No. 815 Chestnut Street Engraver, Uthographer 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Book and Job Printer 



Imperial Inks & Mucilage. 

Writing Fluid, 40c. qt. 
$3.50 a dozen. 

Pure Gnm Arabic Mucilage, 80c. qt. 

$4.50 a dozen. 




NEW 

ELEGANT 

CONVENIENT 



Hotel Stenton, 

Broad and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia. 



STRICTLY FIRE-PROOF 



A. C. ZILLINQER, Lessee. 



EUROPEAN PLAN 



The Hotel Stenton is located upon Broad Street, Philadelphia's most fashionable thoroughfare, within 
five minutes' drive of the great railroad terminals, and in the immediate neighborhood of the largest 
clubs, best theatres, and but a short distance from the principal shopping streets. 

The interior fittings, decorations and furnishings are in accord with the most artistic and 
luxurious ideas. 

Each room has a separate bath-room attached. 

The restaurant is conducted upon the European plan, in addition to which are a cafe and private 

dining rooms. ._ , . , j j ■ 

Concerts will be given nightly during the Summer, in the beautiful roof garden, and durmg 

the warmer months a Parisian road-coach, connected with the hotel, makes a daily trip into the country. 
Rates for rooms vary with location. Rooms constantly reserved for transient guests. 

255 



/*'\nTR9F0LE 




Hotel Metropole 

BROAD AND I,OCUST STS. 

PHILADEI.PHIA, PENNA. 



1/^. 



^7/ 



EUROPEAN PLAN ENTIRELY FIRE-PROOF 

STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS 
ARTESIAN WATER FOR ALL PURPOSES 

JOHN M. SHARP & CO., Proprietors 



The Rittenhouse 

HIGH-GRADE HOTEL 

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS 

250 ROOMS 

TWENTY -SECOND AND CHESTNUT STREETS 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

ONE BLOCK FROM B. & O. STATION 

JOHN M. SHARP, Proprietor 




JVNIPCR t CHE3rNVT STS 



Hotel Hanover 




COR, ARCH AND TWELFTH STS. 
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 

THE BEST $2.50 AMERICAN PLAN HOUSE IN THE COUNTRY 

250 ROOMS 

SITUATED NEAR PENNSYLWiNIA AND READING R. R. STATIONS 

JOHN M. SHARP & CO., Proprietors 






256 



Capital, Full Paid, o/;^ 

$250,000.00. fyxC<5/ 



Casualty 

Indemnity 




A 



fUAB/l/TV/A^DJ^^MVITV- COMPANY' 
■ OJ^'J^^AWS'rZVM7A • 



Surplus and Reserve, 
over $200,000.00. 

Incorporated April, 1894. 



menca s 



Leading Liability" 

Indemnity Company 



EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY INSURANCE, PUBLIC LIABILITY INSURANCE, 

STEAM BOILER INSPECTION AND INSURANCE, 

ELEVATOR INSURANCE, SPRINKLER INSURANCE, 

WORKMEN'S BENEFIT INSURANCE AND GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE, 

ALL COMBINED, IF REQUIRED, UNDER OUR PERFECTION BL4NKET POLICY, AND NOT ISSUED BY ANY OTHER COMPANY. 



Do no Individual Accident Business, 
confining their lines solely to Liability 
Insurance, and have a Loss Ratio Less 
than any Accident Company. 



xyAe/ 




^^^^^^^^^ 



f£/AB/l/7-y/JV2?£'MA7rVCOA/PJA/y- 
•or-jPfAOVSyZVAJV/A- 



Are prepared to give Lowest Rates, 
and Satisfactory Reference that no Com- 
pany in existence can show such proofs 
of Promptness in Settlement of Losses. 



OFFICERS: 



THOS. V. COOPER, 

President. 



C. WM. BERGNER, 

Vice-President. 



JOHN L. WILSON, 

Treasurer. 



WM. H. KNORR, 

Secretary. 



DIRECTORS: 



.4. ANDERSON, Piesident Anderson Preserving Co. 

C. WILLIAM BERGNER, President Bergner & Engel Brewing C 

FRANK BOWER, Messrs. John Bower & Co. 

HON. THOMAS V, COOPER, President National Kaolin Co. 

IS.AAC COOPER, Vice-President Chestnut Street National Bank. 

CYRUS BORGNER, Fire Brick Manufacturer. 

JARED DARLINGTON, Treasurer I. P. Thomas & Son Co. 

JOHN G. CROXTON, Messrs. Croxton, Wood & Co. 

CH.\S. A. FURBUSH, Treasurer Southwark Mills Co. 

ABRAM C. MOTT, President Abram Cox Stove Co. 

H. R. KERN. 

P. D. KEYSER, M. D. 

RICHARD F. LOPER. 



EDWARD J. MOORE, President Gloucester Iron Works. 

H. G. MICHENER, Messrs. J. H. Michener & Co. 

H. C. ELLIS, Messrs. Arthur Hagen & Co. 

HON. CHARLES A. PORTER, Contractor. 

ISAAC SCHLICHTER, President Schlichter Jute Cordage Co. 

HON. MAURICE A. ROGERS, Messrs. T. A. Rogers & Son. 

CLARENCE KENNEDY, Attorney at Law. 

HON. BOIES PENROSE. Attorney at Law. 

JOHN W. WOODSIDE, Messrs. Stewart, Ralph & Co. 

JOHN L. WILSON, Longdate Iron Co. 

C. H. W.ARTHMAN, Messrs. A. H. Warthman & Co. 

CARLTON M. WILLIAMS, Morse, Williams & Co., Incorporated. 



HON. BOIES PENROSE, 



LEGAL BOARD: 

HOWARD GENDELL, ESQ., HON. JOHN C. 



NEW YORK. 

HERMAN W. WILLIAMS, 

115 Broadway, New York. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

STARKWE.ATHER & SHEPLEY, 

17 Custom House St., Providence. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

OBRION & RUSSELL, 

108 Water Street, Boston. 

NEW JERSEY. 

JOS. M. BYRNE & CO., 

Soo Broad Street, Newark. 



KENTUCKY. 
YOUNG & CO., 



Covington. 



BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENCIES ; 

OHIO. 

FRANCIS & F. S. FERRY, 

3 Masonic Temple, Cincinnati. 

GEORGLA. 

AARON HAAS & R. E. WATSON, 

37 S. Pryor Street, Atlanta. 

SCR.ANTON, PA. 

MONIES & JACKSON, 414 Spruce Street. 

ILLINOIS. 

GEORGE E. CUTLER, 

New York Life Building, Chicago. 

MARYLAND. 

THOS. A. SYMINGTON & CO., 

23 South Street, Baltimore. 



HON. JESSE M. BAKER. 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 

A. S. ALLEN, 22 Conestoga Building. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

CHAS. O. ROEMER, 

2ist and Main Sts. (Roemer Block), Wheeling. 

VIRGINIA. 
PLEASANTS & CRENSHAW, 

1104 J4 East Main St., Richmond. 

ALABAMA. 

R. F. MANLY & CO., Birmingham. 

MICHIGAN. 

GEORGE E. CUTLER, 

New Vork Life Building, Chicago. 

TENNESSEE. 
I. SUGARMAN, 291 Main St., Memphis. 



J. E. HYNEMAN & - CO. 

Special Agents, 

413 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 



PHILADELPHIA SPECIAL AGENCIES : 



B.\RKER & McCALL, 

Special Agents, 

222 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 



CRETH & SULLIVAN, 

Special Agents, 

429 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 



LOUIS C. MADEIRA & SONS, 

Special Agents, 
320 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 



RICHARD F. LOPER, General 



HEAD OFFICE, 

Manager, ^35 Chcstout St., Philadelphia. 



257 




IL5 



Loos & Dilworth, 



Successors to- 



TIDE=WATER OIL COHPANY, 

38 North Delaware Avenue, 
PHILADELPHIA. 



H 



ighest Grades of 



Lubricating, Textile # Illuminating Oils. 



CYLINDER 
ENGINE 
MACHINERY 
DYNAMO 



WOOL OILS 
LOOM OILS 
SPINDLE OILS 



STUDENT OIL 
"CHESTER A" 
HEADLIGHT 
GASOLINE 



FULL LINES OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS AND GREASES, 
PARAFFINE WAX, LUBRICANTS, ETC. 




Complete 



'1 Appointments 

wrganization 
^^^ Ivocation 



Mlusit 



Every Saturday during Dinner 
from ^ until 8 o'clock 

In the Winter Season 



t^ 



Continental 



Ni 



C 



inth and V^hestnut Otreets 



hiladelphia 



THE 



c 



ONTINENTAL 

Has been known for many years as the most 
desirably located hotel in the city, with regard 
to business and shopping districts, and the 
theatres. It has been newly decorated and 
furnished, and still remains 



.X hiladelphia 's Leading Hotel 



^ J- E. KlNGSIvEY & Co. 
Proprietors 



258 



The Berkshire 



ORGANIZED 1851 



Life I 



c 



Expert 



nsurance Company 

OF PITTSFIELD, MASS. 



TESTIMONY from the United States Review^ Philadelphia. 



The Berkshire Life has strong claims for consideration at the hands of the public. 
It is ably, conservatively, efficiently and honestly managed. Its officers are men of 
great experience and ability as well as of high personal character. It is located in Massa- 
chusetts, a State in which corporate interests have always been exceedingly well man- 
aged, and is under the scrutiny of an Insurance Department, the best in the world. Its 
contracts are clear, definite, simple. It deals justly with its policy holders. It is large 
enough to secure a good law of average and a satisfactory ratio of fixed expenses. The 
high character of its financial management is beyond question. Its assets are of the 
most substantial character, and its surplus, on a conservative valuation of securities, has 
reached the limit prescribed by the Massachusetts law, which affords the most ample 
security for the faithful fulfillment of its contracts. Its business is conducted in the 
interests of its members, to whose families it earnestly endeavors to afford protection at 
the lowest cost. 



For rates and further information, address, stating age, 



E. H. PLUMMER, General Agent, 512 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 




(fh 



e 



Pidelity 



Mutual Life Association 



INCORPORATED IN 1878 



Sketch of the New Home Office Building, 
Erected by the Fidelity Mutual Life Association, Broad St. above Arch, Phila. 



THIS IS ONE OF PHILADELPHIA'S MOST STABLE AND ENDUR- 
ING INSTITUTIONS. IT OPERATES WHAT IS 
WIDELY KNOWN AS THE 

''FOUSE SYSTEM OF UFE mSURANCE " 

THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF WHICH ARE: 

-■■St— Limiting: the expense of inanag-ement in policy contract to a 
uniform rate for all ages. 

^d— Rendering the insurance portion of the premium flexible, 
because of variation in the death and interest rates, thus 
avoiding technical insolvency. 

^^d— Basing the premiums on actual insurance experience of going 
companies, and not upon an exploded theory of nearly fifty 
years ago, thus effecting a reduction of about 30 per cent. 

The Fidelity's Assets are 58 times its Liabilities. 

It is the strongest of the strong life insurance companies, although 
one of the youngest. It is neither age nor bigness, but large ratio of 
assets and resources to liabilities and clean business that indicate the 
strength and loss-paying power of a life companj*. 

L. G. FOUSE, President. ARTHUR THACHER, Treasurer. 

O. C. BOSBYSHELL, Vice-Pres. W. S. CAMPBELL, Sec. .^ Solicitor. 
S. C. BOLLING, Superintendent of Agents. 



259 




F 



ixed or Movable Sills 



AND 



L 



evel Floors 



—J In Burglar, Fire Proof and Cold Storage Vaults, to prevent 
stumbling without impairing security. 



RECOMMENDED BY 

leading Architects, Mechanical and Civil Engineers of the highest 

repute, Engineers and Designers of Vaults, the leading Vault Builders, 

^r ^ I , the United States Commission on Safe and Vault Construction, the 

llllIllli«.iU-#illlllll .„ lillllllllite^jJLijiMillti^^^ u,.LllllltidllllllllMlill Director of the Mint, the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer United 

States, the present Supervising Architect and the ex-Supervising Architects of the Treasury Department, the Franklin 

Institute of Science of Philadelphia, which awarded the John Scott Legacy Premium and Medal, and Financial 

Institutions of New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Boston, Providence, Baltimore, Washington, D. C, Pittsburg, 

Wilkes-Barre, Cincinnati, Chicago, Camden, and Haddonfield, N. J. ; Wheeling, W. Va. ; Worcester, and Lee, Mass., 

and London, England, and other places, representing over $1,000,000,000 of capital and surplus. 

SPECIAL REFERENCE IS MADE TO 

Coleman Sellers, E. D., Consulting Engineer; Wilson Bros. & Co., Mechanical and Consulting Engineers and 
Architects; William Sellers & Co., Engineers; J. M. Mossman, Vault Engineer and Expert; R. M. Patterson, Civil 
Engineer ; Blake Bank Lock Inspection Co. ; W. H. Brown, Chief Engineer Pennsylvania Railroad Co. ; Henry R. 
Towne, M. E., and President Yale and Towne Manufacturing Co. ; D. K. Miller, M. E., President Automatic 
Tumbler Lock Co. ; Fairman Rogers, C. E. ; F. S. Holmes, M. E. and Vault Engineer ; David Evans, Civil 
Enginer and Architect; J. C. Brooks, M. E., and President Southwark Machine Co.; M. N. Forney, M. E., and 
Publisher of Railroad and Engineering Journal ; John T. Morris, M. E. ; W. C. Gatzmer, C. E., M. E., and Marine 
Architect; M. R. Muckle, Jr., & Co., Mechanical Engineers; John Birkinbine, M. E., President American Institute 
Mining Engineers; J. H. Linville, C. E. ; Alex. P. Gest, C. E. ; Jacob Naylor, M. E. ; John V. Rice, Jr., M. E. ; 
Richard M. Hunt, Architect; Heins & La Farge, Architects ; Stanford White, of McKim, Mead & White, Architects; 
Babb, Cook & Willard, Architects; J. C. Cady & Co., Architects; Carrere & Hastings, Architects; Charles W. 
Clinton, Architect; R. W. Gibson, Architect, New York ; James H. Windrim, ex-Supervising Architect Treasury 
Department U. S., and present Director Public Works, Philadelphia; G. W. & W. D. Hewitt, Architects Philadelphia 
Bourse; T. P. Chandler, Jr., Architect; Furness, Evans & Co., Architects; Addison Hutton, Architect; Cope & 
Stewardson, Architects; Will H. Decker, Architect; Geissinger & Hales, Architects; Willis G. Hale, Architect; 
Moses & King, Architects ; Collins & Autenreith, Architects ; Frank Miles Day, Architect ; Minerva Parker, 
Architect; Albert Dilks, Architect; Brown & Day, Architects; Angus S. Wade, Architect; Hazelhurst & Huckle, 
Architects; Baker & Dallett, Architects; Amos J. Boyden, Architect; Otto C. Wolf, Architect; E. F. Durang, 
Architect, Philadelphia; Cabot, Everett & Mead, Architects ; Winslow & Wetherell, Architects, Boston; Baldwin & 
Pennington, Architects; Charles E. Cassell, Architect; Jackson C. Gott, Architect, Baltimore; James G. Hill, 
Architect, Washington, D. C. ; Wm. KaufFman, Architect; F. J. Osterling, Architect, Pittsburg; The Fidelity 
Insurance, Trust & Safe Deposit Co.; The Pennssylvania Co. for Insurance on Lives & Granting Annuities; The 
Girard Life Insurance, Annuity & Trust Co. ; Drexel & Co. ; Brown Bros. & Co. ; Dick Bros. & Co. ; The Provident 
Life & Trust Co.; The Guarantee Trust & Safe Deposit Co.; The Real Estate Trust Co. ; United Security Life 
Life & Trust Co. ; The Land Title & Trust Co. ; Tradesmens National Bank ; The Beneficial Saving Fund 
Society ; Market Street National Bank ; The City Trust, Safe Deposit & Surety Co. ; The Commonwealth Title 
Insurance & Trust Co. ; Philadelphia Mortgage & Trust Co. ; The Western National Bank ; Central National Bank ; 
Bank of North America ; The Philadelphia Trust, Safe Deposit & Insurance Co. ; Fourth Street National Bank ; 
Philadelphia and Reading Terminal Co.; Pennsvlvania Railroad Co., Philadelphia; Lincoln National Bank; 
Mercantile Safe Deposit Co. ; Central R. R. Co. of New Jer.sey, New York; Franklin Tru-^t Co., Brooklyn; Security 
Safe Deposit Co. ; Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Co. ; State Street Safe Deposit Vaults ; Union Safe Deposit Vaults ; 
Old Colony Safe Deposit Vaults; Bay State Trust Co.; International Trust Co., Boston; Fidelity & Deposit Co. of 
Maryland; Mercantile Trust & Safe Deposit Co.; Drovers' & Mechanics' National Bank; Merchants' National 
Bank, Baltimore; Washington Loan & Trust Co.; American Security & Trust Co., Washington; Rhode Island 
Safe Deposit Co., Providence; Haddonfield National Bank, New Jersey, and many others. 

ROYALTY FOR EACH VESTIBULE FOR BURGLAR PROOF VAULT, $200; FOR COLD STORAGE OR FIRE PROOF VAULT, $25. 

Architects, Engineers and Financial Institutions are requested to specify Clarlc's Level Passage In all Vault Vestibules, which will 

then cost no more than the old <tyle raised sills. 

Tlie right to make and use these devices can be obtained only by license from 

G. S. CLARK, 325 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

260 



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s 



ecurity^ 

FROM LOSS BY 



Burglary 

Robbery 

Fire or Accident 



The 



Fidelity 

Insurance, Trust 
an^'Safe Deposit 
Company 



OF PHILADELPHIA 



In its Marble Fire-Proof Building 

325=331 Chestnut Street 




CHARTER PERPETUAL 

Capital, $2,000,000 = = = Surplus, $2,000,000 



SECURITIES and VALUABLES of every description, including Bonds and Stocks, Plate, Jewelry^ Deeds, etc., 
taken for Safe-keeping, on Special Guarantee, at the Lowest Rates. 

The Company also Rents Safes inside its Burglar-proof Vaults at prices ranging from $5 -po $200 according 
to size. Rooms and desks adjoining vaults provided for Safe-renters. 

Deposits of Money received on interest. Incomes collected and remitted for a moderate charge. 

The Company acts as Executor, Administrator and Guardian, and Receives and Executes Trusts of every descrip- 
tion from the Courts, Corporations and Individuals. 

All Trust Funds and Investments are kept separate and apart from the assets of the Compan}-. As aduitional 
security the Company has a Special Trust Capital of j5i,ouo,ooo primarily responsible for its trust obligations. 
Wills receipted for and kept safely without charge. 

JOHN B. GEST, President ROBERT M. SCOTT, Treasurer 

CHARLES ATHERTON, Vice-President H. H. PIGOTT, Secretary 

RICHARDSON L. WRIGHT, Jr., 2d Vice-Pres't R. A. WILKINSON, Real Estate Officer 

G. S. CLARK, Safe Superintendent 



Directors 



JOHNT B. GEST 

Edward W. Clark 



George F. Tyler 
William H. Merrick 



Thos. McKean John C. Bullitt 

C. A. Griscom Geo. Philler 

Charlhs Atherto.x 



RoDULPH Ellis 
A. J. Cassatt 




Wm. K Read 



Manufacturer of 



Silk Warp Fabrics 



THE QUAKER WEAVER. 



Sole Maker of 



Lansdowne 



213 Chestnut St. PHILADELPHIA 

351 Canal Street - NEW YORK 




erguson s 



lercalines- 



The 

Most 

Perfect of alL 



Linings 



SOFT 



SILKY 



LIGHT 



FINE 



STRONG 




Ferguson Brothers 



Wn. F. READ 

Sole Agent in the United States 

213 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA 

351 Canal St., - NEW York 



^arlisle, England 



263 



Morris, Wheeler & Co. 



PHILADELPHIA 



Wro ught Iron -# Cteel 



OF AI.!. DESCRIPTIONS AND SHAPES 



Bridge, Ship, Tank <^ Boiler Plates, with Sheared fs^ Rolled Edges 

BURDEN'S RIVETS 



Q 



OMMON, REFINED, DOUBLE REFINED 
AND NORWAY BAR IRON. 



Angles, Zees, Tees, Channels and Beams. Hoops, Bands, Rods and Ovals. 

Large Rounds to 6 in. diameter. 



FULL STOCK ON HAND 



i8ai 



1888 



Morris, Tasker & Co. 



Incorporated 



/Manufacturers of 

Boiler 
Tubes 

Wrought 
Iron 
Pipe 



AND 



Fittings 




-"mi 



Offices 

222 and 224 
South Third Street 

Philadelphia 



ELECTRIC RAILWAY AND LIGHT POLES 

Pascal Iron Works Delaware Iron Works 

Philadelphia New Castle, Delaware 

264 



Haupt & pranklin 



Roads, Railroads, Canals, Traction, 

Surveys, Plans and Estimates, 

Water Supply, Drainage 



o^fe 



QiviL Engineers 

^4 QONTRACTORS 



Inspection of Strengths 

and Designs of Buildings, Jury 

Cases, Cemetery and Park Work . . 



'^^W^^ 



i8 South Broad Street 



Established in 1875 




The I evytype Co. 



S. E. Corner 

Seventh and Chestnut Sts. 

Philadelphia 



M 



anufacturers of Photo- 



m/^^ 



Engraved relief plates, 
in the finest style, from 
photographs, wash or 
India ink line drawings, 

by the most approved method 



The S. P. Wetherill 
Company 



Indian, 

Tuscan and Venetian Reds 



^ 

^ 



♦ 



ANU- 
FACTURERS 
OF 



American and Foreign Umbers, 
Siennas and Ochres 



Purple Browns 
and Metallic Oxides 



I evy^3 



the I evytype process 



For Examples 

... of our 'Work- 



See Engravings, containing 
our imprint, in the 

" Book of Philadelphia " 



Barytes, 

Paris White, Whiting, 

Talc, Soapstone and Copperas 



Sole Agents for' the products of the Lehigh Zinc and Iron Co. 
and the Florence Zinc Co. 



Penn Mutual Life Building 

925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia 

45 Cedar Street, New York 




Electro = Phototype Co. 

Photo=Engravers, 35 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia. 

Among the concerns in Philadelphia which have con- 
tributed so largely to the wonderful advance in the 
standard of American pictorial art, this company takes 
a leading place. It is fally equipped for the rapid and 
economical production of all forms of plates for illus- 
tration from pen and ink drawings, wash, etc., in line 
or half-tone. Its large business in book, newspaper, 
and commercial work being the best evidence of the 
uniform excellence of its productions. For further 
examples of the plates made by this house, see the 
chapter upon "Atlantic City.'' 



A. M. Collins Manufafturing Co. 



No. 527 ARCH STREET 



PHILADELPHIA, U.S.A. 



MAKERS OF ALL KINDS OF 



Card Boards 

AND 

Cards 



Photographers, Printers, Lithographers, 

Stationers, Etc. 





HE house of David Landretli & Sons, Philadelphia, U. S. A., founded in 1784, 
is the oldest in its line in America. 

From the date of its establishment to the present time, the proprietors 
have been practical seedsmen, giving personal attention to the cultivation of 
their own grounds. They offer seeds grown from Pedigree Stocks, carefull}- 
selected, which carry with them, in view of the above facts, the strongest 
possible assurance of good quality'. 
VEGETABLE OR KITCHEN GARDEN SEEDS, all the old standard varieties, 

including many specialties, and all novelties of merit. 
FLOWER SEEDS, a very complete assortment, in which may be found the 
" old fashioned " favorites, as well as the finest strains of florists' flowers. 
BULBOUS ROOTS for Autumn and Spring planting. 
AGRICULTURAL OR FARM SEEDS. Mangold Wurtzels and Sugar Beets, Ruta Bagas or Swedes, 
Turnips, Carrots, Parsnips, for cattle feeding. Improved varieties of Corn, Wheat, Oats and Sorg- 
hum, Seed Potatoes, Grass and Clover Seeds, all approved varieties for permanent pastures and 
lawns, separate or in mixture, to suit particular soils. 
AGRICULTURAL and HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS and TOOLS. All garden and farm appliances. 
Fertilizers and Insecticides. The stock in all lines is complete. Planters and others interested in 
rural affairs would do well to send for our Catalogue — mailed free on application. 

Address D. LANDRETH & SONS 

Seed Farmers and Merchants, 21 and 23 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. 



Stuart Bros. Company 



B 



LANK 

OOK^Manufacturers 



OUR Specialties : 

STUART'S DUE LEDGERS 
ROLL BOOKS 
RENT 
CASH 

EXPENSE " 
FILES 
PENCILS 
PENS, 



f- 



1 
1 



JT 



Wi 






^^^1 




■ ■ —* ^^ 



The largest manufacturers of Blank Books in the United States 



SEND FOR CATALOaUE 



412&414 Market Street, Philadelphia 



E • Clinton & Co 



EDWIN T. CLINTON 
LEON A. CLINTON 



j\/j anufacturers 

and Importers of 



1008 Market Street 

and 



8 South Tenth Street 



Philadelphia 



Brushes 



Edward W« Woolman 



Dealer in 



R 



eceived fresh daily from Dairies 
situated in Delaware, Chester, 
Montgomery and Lancaster 
Counties. 



Milk 
Cream 
Buttei 



ANALYTICAL 1 

A!4d ^SUPERVISION 

VETERINARY J 



Orders taken by drivers of 
delivery ^vaj^ons. 



Office, 44 North 38th Street 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



TELEPHONE 
CONNECTION 

116, W. Pa. 




tewart, Ralph & Co 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



1^ ALPH'S 



SCOT^CH SNUFF 




3 jyt-^^fe,-^ 




FACTORY 



924 Arch Street 
Philadelphia 




FLAT ROCK MILLS 

MANAYUNK, PA. 



CITY MILLS 

24th and Vine Streets 

PHILADELPHIA 



Martin # Wm. H. Nixon Paper Co. 



'\/|'anufacturers of 



and 



Sf» i^« w* 
riachine Finished 





Book papers 



and 



Grocers' paper Dags. 



For sale by dealers - 



26S 



Member g( —^.^ 

American 

Warehousemen's 

Association 



(jODLEY'S 



-Established iSss 



Bonded and Free Storage 
Negotiable Receipts Issued 



Telephone 3246 



STORAGE 
WAREHOUSES 

.Jl hilip (jrodley 



Granite Street — U. S. Bonded Stores 
Argyle Stores 
Queen Street Stores 



PROPRIETOR 



Office: DOCK AND GRANITE STREETS 

Xhiladelphia 






William M. 



m, 



ilson&Sons 



BROKERS 

AND 

Commission Merchants 

IN 

CHEMICALS 

DRUGS 

QUMS 

ETC. 

No. 122 ARCH STREET 

PHILADELPHIA 



Santiago J. Coll & Co. 



Opanish Cigar Factory 



CUBAN PLAN 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



High Grade 



Cigars 



IMPORTERS OF 

Havana Leaf Tobacco 



AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS 



109 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia 



269 



A 1222, 1224 and 1226 ARCI 

merican Dible Warehouse 



222, 1224 and 1226 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 




A. J. Holman & Co., Ltd., 

Publishers of Standard Editions of Family and Pulpit ijluiCS 

in English, Swedish, Danish, German and Norwegian, 



Special attention is also invited to the new edition of the celebrated 

Holman Self=Pronouncing 5. S. Teachers* Bible, 

the only one of the kind in the world. 

Our stock of Photograph Albums embraces all the newest and most popular designs. 



Walter 

L. 
Diver 




Announces the arrival of an unusually select 
assortment of 

FOREIGN WOOLENS. 



While the assortment will be found as complete 
and varied as heretofore, I have not over- 
looked the necessity for moderate prices. 



special Care in selecting my stock 

has been given to secure 
the finest goods, in such 
variety and of such conceded 
excellence as to meet the require- 
ments of gentlemen of the most 

Critical and 

Exacting Tastes 



128 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia 



R 



eading Paper Mills. 



Manufacturers of 



Reading Mills 



Packerack Mills . . 
Tulpehocken Mills , 



No. I MANILA 

and 

ROPE PAPERS 



T^late, Lithograph 

and Fine Siiper-C;^1 end ererl Book 



por HaK"Toned Cuts 



OFFICE, BULLITT BUILDING, 131 and 133 South Fourth Street, Philadelphia 

270 



£dwin f^arrington, 

3on & Qo. 



Established 1867 



INCORPORATED 



DOUBLE 
CHAIN 
SCREW 
HOISTS 



OVERHEAD TRAMWAY 



]\/[achine ^ools 



GEAR CUTTING 



1505 Pennsylvania Avenue 



Philadelphia, Penna. 



TRAVELING CRANES 

Electric, Pnedmatic, Hand, Steam. 




28 and 48 inch, Extension Lathe 






TEL£CR/>PH TELEPHONE /iNoELECTRtC UGHT SUPPLIES 

BELLS C/fS UCHTtNC fiPPftRflTUS, 

/IND/ILL SUPPLIES 

roR HOTEL /IND HOUSE WORK. 

SOLE PROPRIETORS OF THE 

Patent Needle Annunciators 



C. R. CARVER 




Hand 

Power 

Elevators 





O" 



Brown & Carver 
Paper putting: J^achines 

nder and Job a »► ,„_ 

P>pp^^p^ 1 ypC and printers' Material 

General Machinist 



WARCROOWS AND OFFICE 



19, 21. 23 Bromley Place 25 North 7th Street 

624. 626 Filbert Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Eo j.TTerney, 

A, 




nthracite ^ Bituminous 



Coal 



314 Walnut Street 



Philadelphia 



Lehigh Valley Coal Co. Coal 








Philadelphia 



For over half a century the firm of Armar Young & Co., 
and their successors, Young, Smyth, Field & Co., has been 
recognized as one of the leading houses in its line in this 
country. " They are not only large Importers, but they are 
also extensive Manufacturers ; their lines include Under- 
wear, Outlng=Shlrts, Hosiery, Qloves, White Goods, Linens, 
Notions, etc. . They occupy the large building, 816, 818 
(^ 820 Market Street, extending through to Jayne Street. 
Every Department is thoroughly organized, and under the 
immediate supervision of a member of the firm ; everything 
that capital, organization, experience and application can 
contribute to the success of an establishment ha3 been 
utilized by Young, Smyth. Field & Co. - 



J. C. McCOOK CO. 



High Grade 




onfec= 
tionery 




Specialties 

for 



Pxport 



Trade 



Philadelphia 



Schrack & Sherwood 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Dpholstery and Drapery Trimmings 



AND 



Undertakers' Supplies 



233-235 Market St., Philadelphia 



Nye & Tredick 

606 ARCH STREET .... PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

U. S. A. 



ARE INVENTORS AND MANt'I- ACTURERS OF 



^ircuiar Rib Knitting 

Macliinery 



MACHINERY 
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 



Ladies', Misses', Children's and Men's^"^^^^^ -^ 

CHICAGO BRANCH 

VESTS 

TIGHTS JACKETS 18=30 

UNDER'WEAR S'WEATERS COMBINATIONS West Randolph Street 

BICYCLE SUITS CORSET COVERS 

ETC., ETC. *^t 

273 



T 



HE attention of members of the Trades League is called to the 
advantages of patronizing home institutions. 

Why should not each member hold a Policy 
(Fire or Marine) of The Delaware ? It has a reputation 
second to no company doing Tjusiness in Philadelphia for 
the justice and promptness of its settlements. Why 
should you go to Timbuctoo, or even to New York for 
your insurance, when you can secure as good as there 
is in the world, at home ? 

Answer by making application at the oflBce of the 
Delaware Insurance Company, S. E. Corner Third and Walnut Streets. 




David F. Conover. 



B. Frank Williams. 



David F. Conover & Co. 



Manufacturers of 



Jemehy und JTukh iBuSt^, 

American Watch Wholesale Salesroom^ 

S. E. Corner Chestnut and Seventh Sts., 
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 



INCREASED DEPARTURES FROM PHILADELPHIA 



Savannah Fast Freight Line f Florida Dispatch Line 

VIA 

Ocean Steamship Company 

TO SAVANNAH 

ENLARGED SERVICE FROM PHILADELPHIA via SAVANNAH TO SOUTHERN AND WESTERN POINTS. 

FREIGHT WILL BE RECEIVED DAILY at the Savannah Line Pier, 41 South Wharves, foot of Queen Street. Philadelphia, and forwarded 
by Steamer direct to Savannah, or by Pennsylvania Railroad to New York. Cars loaded on our Pier, and forwarded daily {except when 
direct Steamer is in port), to connect with the Steamers of this Company sailinsf every other day from that port. 

Through Bills of Lading issued to all points SOUTH. SOUTHWEST and WEST 

Special dispatch given freight for Atlanta, Birmingham, Louisville, Memphis Mobile Nashville New Orleans, MISSOURI RIVER POINTS 
and to FLORIDA and TEXAS. 

Passas^e Tickets, including fare to New York via Pennsylvania Railroad or Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, for sale, and berths secured 
at the Office of the Company, 13 South Third Street. For freight rates, insurance and passage (via New York), apply to 

WILLIAM L. JAMES, Agent, 13 South Third Street, Philadelphia. 

274 



F. s. Gibson 



Receiver and Shipper of 

potatoes, 

• — APP'es, Qnions, Qabbage, Qranges, Lemons 

pineapples 

And Wholesale Dealer in 

Have also a Special Departn^en. for N^^ Y '^^^ S^^^^ PrOdUCtS 

Butter, Poultry, Eggs, ^"^ 

Calves, Dressed Pork, piorida pruits and yegetables 

Country Produce .e„era..y. caupo.^,. p.u.t3, oboro.^ ..o c.ro... mbuons 

and JERSEY AND CAPE COD CRANBERRIES 

io8 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



airard National Bank, Philadelphia 
Bank of Leesburg, Leesburg, Fla. 
And Mercantile Agencies 



REFERENCES : 

Yates Co. National Bank, Penn Yan, N. Y. 
Bradford County Bank, Starke, Fla. 
STEAMSHIPS, VESSELS AND HOTELS SUPPLIED 



Bank of Wayne, Ooldsboro, N. C. 
The Farm Journal, of Philadelphia 
Williams & Murchison, Bankers 

Wilmington, N. C. 



Alan Wood Company 

Patent Planished. Galvanized, Common, Best Refined, Cleaned and Charcoal Bloom 

Plated Sheet Iron 



AI.SO LIGHT PIRATES AND SHEETS OF STEEI- 

No. 519 ARCH 5TREET ♦^^ 



PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Orders solicited especially for Corrugated, Gasholder, Pan and Elbow, Water Pipe, Smoke Stack, Tank and Boat Iron; 
Last, Stamping, Ferrule, Locomotive Headlight and Jacket Iron. 




Third Street above Callowhill 
PHILADELPHIA 



♦ ♦ 



OPEN A I.I, 




rchants' 

House 



Patterson & Rochford 

Proprietors 



Rooms I 50 cents 
( 75 cents 



ATES : $1.00 per day 

$5.00 per week and upwards 



275 



JOHN M. MACK 
EDWIN McCOY 



President 
Sec'y and Treas. 



Managing Directors 

JAMES JI. ZMACK 
JOSEPH P. .MACK 



TKI.Kl'HONE CONNECTION 



The 

Mack 

P 

c 



CONTRACTORS HOR 

Belgian Block and 
West Virginia Vitrified Brick 



P 



avins: 



ompany 



avements 



1345 Arch St. Philadelphia 

Rooms 5, 6 and 7 
Wharves and Yards, Bainbridge St. Wharf, Schuylkill 



JOHN M. MACK 
EDWIN McCGY 
P. BRUSSTAR 



President 
- ?ec'y and Treas. 
General Manager 



Wharves and Yards 
Bainbridge Street Wharf, Schuylkill 



TELEPHONE "JOHX M. MACK" 



Pennsylvania 
Asphalt 
Having 
Go. 



CONTRACTORS FOR 



Laying Bermudez 
Sheet Asphaltum 
s#°Artificial Stone 



P 



avements 



>345 Arch St. 



Philadelphia 



Rooms 5, 6 and 7 



CHAS. M. STOEVER 



MILLS : SPRING GROVE 



p. H. GT.ATFELTER 



Chas. M. Stoever & Co. 



m 



aniifacturers and dealers in 



SUPER C A LENDERED 
MACHINE FINISHED 
BOOK, NEWS, MANILA 
WRITING AND WRAPPING 







apers 



OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE 

Nos. 520 and 522 Minor Street 

PHILADELPHIA 

276 



gamuel J^ • prench & Qo 



ESTABLISHED 



1844 



• ♦ 



PAINTERS' AND BUILDERS' SUPPLIES 
PEERLESS COLORS FOR MORTAR 
MANTELS, TILE and l-IREPLACt; GOODS 
CEMENT, PLASTER, Etc. 



♦ O 




aint 



Manufacturers 



York Avenue, Fourth and CaHowhHI Streets 



Philadelphia 



The Geo. W. Blabon Co 



» 




Manufacturers of 



loor Oil Cloths 

AND 

Linoleum 



T 



ABLE AND STAIR 

OIL CLOTH 




L 



INSEED OIL AND 

OIL CAKE 



9 North Fifth Street 
no Worth Street 



Philadelphia 
New York 



277 



/ 



PHILADELPHIA SCOOP CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 

SCOOPS, AUNT BECKY'S COFFEE POTS, ETC. 

No. 148 N. Second St.. Philadelphia, U. S. A. 



Extra Galvanized Steel Blade 
Scoops with wooden heads 

and handles, do not blacken 
sugar, have no nail heads to rust 

off, require no repairs, for 

durability are unequaled. 




Even' scoop stamped Philadelphia Scoop Co., 
extra galvanized. 



Catalogue on application. 



ACTO HEATER 

For Gas or OH 




Pat'd May 23, 1863. 




633 Arch Street 
Philadelphia 



aphers 



First=Class Work in 

Buildings, Landscape 

Machinery 

Etc. 

Largest stock of Scenes in Philadelphia, including 
StreetSj Public Buildings, Colleges, Libraries, Churches, 
Views in Fairmount Park. etc. Prices moderate. 







T)hiladelphia fooperage 



'Ompany 



MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS 



5 



TAVES 



SHOOKS ^ 



C 



OOPERAQE 

STOCK 



19 



to 39 Washington Ave., PHILADELPHIA 



278 



I-ff you are fond of ocean travel, 

take a trip to Cape May on the 



Palace u 

Steamer 



Republic 



11 



Enjoy the beautiful scenery of the Delaware River and Bay 




Kare, Si.oo Round Trip 
CTnildren, Half Price 



Leaves Rac« St. Wharf, 7.30 A. M., Daily 
Returning early in the evening 



Dancing to the music of a fine orchestra ■ 
full brass band ; theatricals. 



Sea bathing, clam-bakes and ocean trips. 
W. F. RUSSELL, Qetieral Manager, in CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA 



D 



THE 



amon 

Safe-# Iron Works 
Company 



2305 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
108 and no Sudbury Street, Boston, Mass. 



THE CONSTRUCTION CF SUPERIOR BANK AND SAFE DEPOSIT 
VAULT AND SAFE WORK A SPECIALTY 



REFERENCES 

Penna. Co. for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities Phila 
Fidelity Insurance, Trust and Safe Deposit CompauT, 
Girard Life Insurance, Annuity and Trust Companv'. - " 

Philadelphia National Bank, ..--■.. " 

Fidelity and Deposit Company, Baltimore 

Drovers' and Mechanics' National Bank, .... " 

Merchants' National Bank, •--.-.. " 

Commonwealth Guarantee, Trust & Safe Deposit Co., Harrisburg, Pa. 
Lackawanna Trust and Safe Deposit Company, - - Scranton' Pa. 
Montgomery Insurance, Trust and Safe Deposit Co.. Norristown,' Pa. 
Lehigh Valley Trust and Safe Deposit Companv, Allentown, Pa. 

Ea5ton Trust Company, ' - - Easton, Pa. 

Real Estate, Trust and Safe Deposit Company, - - Trenton, N. J. 
Rankers' Sa'e Deposit and Trust Company, - New York,'N. Y. 

Boston Safe Deposit and Trust Company, - - - Boston, Mass. 

Old Colony Trust Company, " " 

State Street Safe Deposit Company, - . . _ •■ *< 





E • Q • LOCKE 

MANUFACTURER OF 

FINE SURFACE COATED 

• • Glazed 

and 



fcPapers 



Either in Slieets or Rolls for the use of 

PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS 

LABEL PRINTERS 

LITHOGRAPHERS 

BOOKBINDERS 

PUBLISHERS 

ETC., ETC. 

FACTORY AND OFFICE 

33 and 35 Cooper St., Camden, N. J. 

Telephone, "No. 236 Camden " 



279 




Philadelphia, Pa. 



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